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加勒比海的黑人女聲:四位英文女小說家研究

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(3) (Merle Hodge)(Crick Crack, Monkey) (Tee) !"#$%&&(Ma)'()!*+&&,-&&./ 01234567899$%:;,<=>?@ABCDEFGH IJK0:;,LEHM00N6OPQ4RSTUVWXYZ[\] ^_0`a:;bc0d(Crick 19),e6&&f[ghi\99$%G H:;0`a:;jkiOlm,&&n4o\pq63r99$%s t[uvwxy99$%4zVYZ{|}~0€‚ƒ0„4 Em†Em†Em‡‡d(Crick 19),ˆk-vx‰|Š‹ŒŽ‘ ’“”†au•–—˜™fš›&&œžt,Ÿˆ&& t¡¢£¤¥ il99$%`a:;¦u§¨'Hf©\ª:;iŒm(110),«¬ `a:;¬­¢®8¯°±3H2²³´µ¶3}·¸¹¬º, 99$%`a:;x»—¼½¾¿=HÀÁÂÃ,<5ÄÅ $ƨÇÈ12a6Éʊ˳̽HÍÎÏÐ,krÑÒÓ¼ÒÔ (re-member)$%`a:;(true-true name)ÕkÒÖ×EÀÁ†ØÙÚÛÜ x»³ÌJÝÞß]'xv¯ÒuàÃ(trope), ¯áâu-ãâä4ÞÃ-JÝÞßQåOÎÀÁÄQæ!ç˜è w,éêëìí]84îïðñòð–Ûxv¯ó (1970)ôõö÷ø(Erna Brodber)ùúûüýþuE'(Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home, 1981)(Zee Edgell) (Beka Lamb, 1982)ñ

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(8) 4- :»° ±²‚(Grenada)³´ÀÁñ4'µÂÛxv12¶Ÿ=ÄHI¼—' ˜Q&TÛ8·¸•¹˜º»a|4¯¼½¾xvÒ¿ =H¼—'ÀÁ˜ŠEÀ-{,NÁäë ]'ŸˆÚ8–­‹ÃÄv $9Å[ÆÇÈe6{¯ŽaÉUñ[\º»ÊË.»ÌÍÎÏÐÑ $] Òov>ˆ¯%ӘԔÎ!Õ֛JÝÞßQO Θ½ÌÄÀÁz+Ÿ¡¢ë mOΗ']'4>o·NÁ¯Q å]'רUÙãâJÝÞߔ`jΘ†ÄÀÁ k,O4>o·ÚÛºÜUÝ4Þ¸¾Îy߯JÝÞß]'˜àá, EâJÝÞßí]ÀÁ¯Qå]'í]To“˜Òuu6 rÑ3ãQä_;åæ‚"çVèCdíéJÝÞß[\‰ ÁVêèCëf¯ì(Cudjoe, Resistance 65-66),krÎí”X ]'4zJÝÞß]'O4îïð56rÑFñçò¾mó‚¯ ìŠ‹ñçèC,8JÝÞß]'k*¶ôuõöUCDEÄ ÷Û7)*ó‚Xۊ‹·øpqÒÒ,rÑUùú(Virginia Woolf)TøVûüýĆûüþd(85)m"Û)*V,û Ea6JÝÞß]'ÊË, 9U4á *¾Ë *;åæ[\ ,0

(9) *åæÄ[\ TVOåæ·w[\s6/JÝÞßQåV¸d(cultural sovereignty),}»'Ü23ÒuóVJÝÞß 38JIZòɆZ8¹è †Z8JÝÞß +4ÛŠ‹†UñZ²Ø@JÝÞߗ'Šd(“Challenges” 203),ä î[\Äåæ¶ŸJ2KL\³ÌJÝÞßÛ-awC‰ç Px»=(Myriam J. A. Chancy)TøV°d(fugue)w¾-a, {6CD!Ùxv(Bildungsroman)Æ+-JÝÞß] . (Edward Said)

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(11)   !"#$%&'()*+,-./012 345 6789:;<=>?@ ABCDEFG,HI?!JKLMK!NOPKQR!KSTUVWXYZ(6)[. . 2.

(12) ' Œ!ŠCD÷Û7=HE"#\¯Ä{—'- /@ЏhÍ΂"$%&'((Maria Helena Lima)Tø˜V³ ´¾xvd,kJÝÞß]'mì] ܔ»ÆÛxvu 56¯Qå)*ÒÒ—¼½[\,{ÊOe xv¯Nc‚x—¼½ Ä=HžÄj+,,-r'(T*í”X]'e.-axv u/-8xv6=>âò¾ê0(origin)Á1ãâÚÛØÙ z˜P(“Revolutionary”36),ä]'·êa0ÄÚÛØÙ>¾ 4>owçP4>oÜ23JÝÞßÛØÙ-(X)rs Œ[\Š3,4ô (Renu Juneja)-567ÂJÝÞß]'!ÜI8 ¯QåÛ] =HÄ[\9:&7UóV=HÄ[\&%;°=H ÀÁ<‘’5¶Ü=H„RS˜dk{¯˜-֛JÝÞß Û}ŽÄÛV>ҏdÄV>Ò+,d(89),'(VU?%ú (Michelle Cliff)@A}B·(No Telephone to Heaven)ñ p

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(19) %TDld(4),°ç·U -ss'î!"Žaef™ÚÔ,-Œ4ìû ý(For the Life of Laetitia)<î¯ì!"Đp²Ô7¶»

(20) 3, Ÿ ˆ8ss'!*3OÎVd|Ô"e6YZwxî‰ ·€òÉ8‘’ó‚7,É¡8ss3Òoµ ÇO{÷OÇkÔ"·,2™~]ç¯}8µÇËjÜOÎ 84„Ò‘f,á|0 !VO"#$HO"‚H„† ‘„†<12-~f%¾R2Hd»0Z8Ï]†}†Û&† Ä÷H7Uyg3¦~(“Challenges” 208),'ýssÄ &&g6äPx4°Ä, ÜU()*smŽa&&T +#,óVZk*&&ìQ6 =()˜‹-ÑÑ#-˜Q#.~Xû¾Py†4/0123 Ú3’ˆH4{5,<6775¦Ÿ-89:Ä;

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(24) ‡uˆkoO‹(60), êìQ˜Î"}Ù}Š3È|jxvÎ!ÜÎ|JÝÞ ß¯jX|›ó0‰Šž¬‹hËÈVçê ‘’kUбEéxŠŒLM,¡¢JÝÞß´µ'*á |‘’Z»•IÏ@rçŽ(Helen Tiffin)-éêö÷øÄ (Jamaica Kincaid)¯!á|–—‘’‘,-8éxVç} 7éÈóêc-’ñ“‘’y•¹–—[Æ\U CDVGd„ ÀÁ†¶¢†HPñy-a¯-ÚQ””–—ñCD ÒoÁkÄ-ä¹‰IV•Md(interpellate)˜ŒOê QàÜ}»j½f47––éȗJ(909-10),<î~˜¾}7éŠrò -5UVé}d(double)ߙ(Helen)}Ã|›,ߙ6 š°›R‘’¯˜X)¦|m榐h –¾榇 óœ@!²'"ߝڞ'Á3îûŸùÄ ¡ù¢ú$%4l"£ ¤+¥¦Œ§¨(61),Äߙ%=˜ŒÓn©O óVߙv¿O6 é},OOª«0é},0ò6`a¯»(the Proper Me),¬­[60O ª¹LÄ-4®¯¯°°d(62),·ø‘’ŒVx‘d@ı ²³v0\±E´µ, -‘’•¹ŒVçko“Oq—Jó4>o‘’6V çn4!жÐÑ-H„G~·¸•„FO4>o¹ºñ‘’ ÊË\­‹ÃÄàÜ»: (Albert Memmi) TøV¼½d (cultural ambiguity)¾s(108),¿À<î¾qròu/6Vçê‘’ . ý_þ >{|S€2 i _þ>ˆi ‚Ž

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(26) ”Ò)*HIéxV>)d(colonial bilingualism)›É(106),»:-{¡ ¢E7UÄä]˜[]çÄVç(The Colonizer and the Colonized)á|óÎ!Á3>)VOÂ63Oî)*Ïk6Î!ÄKOî 7æÄ]^,<6O)*°ùÃÃ6Vç%)VÄk% )TT3rÔñ(¦ÜÅBrÆÇ(107),Üç|JÝÞßQå8U vT_˜5)OP4â˜'(UñÄ)*8€åÈéxÂÒLM (“Challenges” 204),»ûɏ‘’TÎm}¼7éŠÄ¼½I8Ÿ ÒÖÒ®5)HI1), 81)Ò®Ü6JÝÞßÛ¯1˜4,-rö3(Rhonda Cobham) T*ʔJÝÞß]'í]‰Ò7-80ZU1) (orature) Z»J2ÉËmÄÔÌ/5 (47) ,<î8AH1)ÛÒ ®Ü\<4P¯ÍbÎÏ(Henry Louis Gates, Jr.)Tø³Ì ‰—˜VGç¯d(speakerly text)(112), JÝÞßÛ¯81) <VGç¯d˜Ò®3{IY[\/`,]'4>oU1)¯ ó›ÛäÄCD8-aZ[ÐÑdB,O4>o Üä_ÈQTøaJÝÞߛÂEâKL˜4-JÝÞß÷]' }àç/Ò­ó÷(Prospero)ÄVç/Ó(Caliban))*èç|¬ µîí])*·,UÐ)*ñÔïðEñ÷Û7—' E(200), 4G®í]»VÕÖRTd(“Challenges”206)ˆ81) ÛñaÆ+[\×­˜vØ1)xÃk˜ »ÙÚ,ɯ8!"ŠÉä_˜ÜHIí”12Û VU³ÌJÝÞß12Æ+Ü?_)Z»-:äįÜJÝÞ ßH}7éȏ‘’ñ)*G¼è, -:“Crick crack, monkey”6ÝJÝÞßQåÐ12!Ü?°) »çÄ+ԘQoú(call and response)>¾(Cobham 47),r& &V89:d12Þ±!!„Vßàà(crick crack)dk+12ÄZþ „V \ÅáXU>âO4âmâI!"ã!EäóÄå"æçèé ê(Monkey break ’e back¼On a rotten pommerac)d(13),ä!<îoúÜ? 4>oçë+Ô슛™Ä¦y12˜Qå(Gikandi 201)FeÎ!ÜI8 çÄ+ԘQ&Tôu>>ÍΪx12êíäŸ]‚xî³Ì1 )U12ƨ­‹‚xOÎt˜QïÄ;HÊ, ¯“Crick crack”Ü·UóÈAH1)O4î)~*NŠð‚"ñ . . "#©ª3Ü$*57Ã%&™iÛÜÑÃx,x*5(112)[<'w((Zora Neale Hurston) ŽÚÐ )*+,ë¸-’(Their Eyes Were Watching God)2./rs!x3Ü$*57[ š›œ90: 1B2#34¤5i 68789:à;<¡¢ =>?H ¦§¼½ 6878S%2@A !B§ CD(200)[ . . 7.

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(113) ,<6€<deqÜ·®»—'/!Š oLF`@hŸu·¸,ë ]'æ—'O ΏÄÀÁk{¯gx‘Q֛—Û,{ÍΘ8]çZge.xvE⾉߯‹Ä—'ÍÎxv\=HÄ HIš8:Ìa=>xv=HŠ‹»˜%¾,ê<î} ¾³´Ûxvë ]'Uåæ-a[\wH„[\‰Üg,\ "²ˆšî»JÝÞß³ÌÛš8ffgæzh, i¯»—R„ºÐ NSC 86-2411-H-009-008-B5 ˜ìéxùý., . Works Cited Brodber, Erna. “Fiction in the Scientific Procedure.” Cudjoe, Caribbean Women Writers 164-8. ---.. Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home.. London: New Beacon, 1980.. Chancy, Myriam J. A. Searching for Safe Spaces: Afro-Caribbean Women Writers in Exile. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 1997. Cobham, Rhonda. “Revisioning Our Kumbla: Transforming Feminist and Nationalist Agendas in Three Caribbean Women’s Texts.” Callaloo16.1 (1993): 44-64. Collins, Merle. Angel. 1987. Seattle: Seal Press, 1988. ---. Callaloo: A Grenada Anthology. London: Young World Books, 1984. 40-58.. ®½B0 2 w J_2Ӄg(Angela)[bS3?zg9§¼½*5/8mˆ! (“Revolutionary” 55, n.15)>¼½ w 3+_7T`J/õ[ . 21.

(114) ---.. “Themes and Trends in Caribbean Writing Today.” From My Guy to Sci-Fi: Genre and Women’s Writing in the Postmodern World. Ed. Helen Carr.. London: Pandora, 1989. 179-90. Cooper, Carolyn. “Afro-Jamaican Folk Elements in Brodber’s Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home.” Davies and Fido 279-88. Cudjoe, Selwyn R. Resistance and Caribbean Literature. Athens, Ohio: Ohio UP, 1980. Cudjoe, Selwyn R., ed. Caribbean Women Writers: Essays from the First International Conference. Wellesley, MA: Calaloux Publications, 1990. Dance, Daryl Cumber. “Go Eena Kumble: A Comparison of Erna Brodber’s Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home and Toni Cade Bambara’s The Salt Eaters.” Cudjoe, Caribbean Women Writers 169-84. Davies, Carol Boyce and Elaine Savory Fido, eds.. Out of Kumbla: Caribbean. Women and Literature. Trenton, NJ: African World Press, 1990. Edgell, Zee. Beka Lamb. Oxford: Heinemann, 1982. Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Signifiying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism. New York: Oxford UP, 1988. Gikandi, Simon. Writing in Limbo. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1992. Harris, Wilson. “The Life of Myth and Its Possible Bearing on Erna Brodber’s Fictions Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home and Myal.” Kunapipi 12 (1990): 86-92. Hodge, Merle. “Challenges of the Struggle for Sovereignty: Changing the World versus Writing Stories.” Cudjoe, Caribbean Women Writers 202-8. ---. Crick Crack, Monkey. Oxford, Heinemann, 1970. ---. For the Life of Laetitia. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1993. Juneja, Renu. “Contemporary Women Writers.” West Indian Literature, 2nd ed. Ed. Bruce King. London: Macmillan, 1995. 89-101. Lalla, Barbara. Defining Jamaican Fiction: Maroonage and the Discourse of Survival. Tuscaloosa, Alabama: U of Alabama P, 1996. Lima, Maria Helena. “‘Beyond Miranda’s Meaning’: Critical Perspectives on Caribbean Women’s Literatures.” Feminist Studies 21.1 (1995): 115-28. ---.. “Revolutionary Developments: Michelle Cliff’s ‘No Telephone to Heaven’ and Merle Collins’s ‘Angel.’” Ariel 34.1 (1993): 35-56. Memmi, Albert. The Colonizer and the Colonized. Trans. Howard Greenfield. 1965. Boston: Beacon Press, 1991. O’Callaghan, Evelyn. Woman Version: Theroetical Approaches to West Indian Fiction by Women. New York: St. Martin’s, 1993. Senior, Olive.. Working Miracles: Women’s Lives in the English-Speaking. 22.

(115) Caribbean. Cave Hill, Barbados: Institute of Social and Economic Research, U of West Indies, 1991. Simpson, George Eaton. Religious Cults of the Caribbean: Trinidad, Jamaica and Haiti. 3rd ed. Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico: Institute of Caribbean Studies, U of Puerto Rico, 1980. Thomas, Eva V. “Crick Crack Monkey: A Picaresque Perspective.” Cudjoe, Caribbean Women Writers 209-14. Tiffen, Helen. “Cold Hearts and (Foreign) Tongues: Recitation and Reclamation of the Female Body in the Works of Erna Brodber and Jamaica Kincaid.” Callaloo 16.3 (1993): 909-21. Walker-Johnson, Joyce. “Autobiography, History, and the Novel: Erna Brodber’s Jane and Louisa Will Soon Come Home.” Journal of West Indian Literature 3.1 (1989): 47-59. Wilson, Betty. “An Interview with Merle Collins.” Callaloo 16.1 (1993): 94-107. Woolf, Virginia. A Room of One’s Own. 1929. San Diego: HBJ, 1957.. 23.

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