社會工作者對親屬寄養服務形式觀點之研究 - 政大學術集成
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(2) 致 謝. 本篇論文能夠順利完成，首先要感謝我的指導教授謝美娥博士，在整個論文撰寫過 程中，殷切指正疏漏之處，不斷給我支持和鼓勵，提供我動能堅持到最後，在指導教授 耐心指導下，學生學習透過系統性思考與結構性分析嘗試將本篇論文理論與實務做完整 而嚴謹的論述，在此由衷表達最真誠的感謝。. 在口試期間，特別感謝彭淑華教授、陳圭如教授兩位口試委員，百忙之中不厭其煩 撥冗審閱學生論文，提出許多精闢的見解與寶貴的建議，使本論文內容更加充實完備； 對學生專業知識之啟迪，學習視野之開擴，成果可謂收穫豐碩，謹此一併感謝。. 另要感謝臺北市政府社會局、新北市政府社會局、中華兒童暨家庭扶助基金會、台 灣世界展望會、各縣(市)家庭暴力暨性侵害防治中心及社會福利服務中心等機構，對本 研究案進行協助；尤其是業務相關之社工同仁，縱使工作繁忙分身乏術之際，仍抽空提 供我許多訪談學習的機會，使本研究得以順利進行，並獲得最寶貴的研究結果，深感受 益匪淺。. 最後，我要將這份榮耀獻給我最敬愛的父母，對我無怨無悔一直栽培我至研究所畢 業，您們的愛是我永遠的後盾；特別感念在我論文撰寫過程遭遇瓶頸，曾經為我擔心受 怕，卻又等不及分享這份榮耀的母親。回首既往，點滴心頭，值此本論文付梓之際，感 謝您們對我的照顧與包容，因為有您們，我終於順利完成研究所最珍貴的學習生涯。.
(3) 中文摘要. 親屬寄養的重要性日益彰顯，但政府主管機關對親屬寄養之法律定義及制度運作仍 不夠明確。本研究係以美國親屬寄養模式為架構，期待透過對社工員質性訪談與個案說 明，瞭解國內親屬寄養之機制運作與實務內涵，並對親屬寄養之制度建立與未來更進一 步研究方向提出建議。 在本研究中，社工員一致認為： 「有安置需求的孩童，經過專業人員評估後，安置於 親屬家庭中生活」，通常就認定為「親屬寄養」。我們將目前國內「親屬寄養」實際個案 與美國親屬寄養模式相較後，發現彼此頗多類似之處，當然其中亦有國情的差異存在。 社工員指出，親屬寄養具有：血緣關係親近、降低孩童創傷與疏離感；安置環境穩 定、避免孩童經歷多次重複安置；生活經驗常態、降低孩童不確定性與焦慮感；同根生 歸屬感，保留文化脈絡及尊重原有生活型態等優勢。但無可避免「親屬寄養」在實務運 作仍有許多待克服之處，包括：受到來自原生家庭的干擾；決定親屬寄養之決策者與執 行者的落差；原生家庭與親屬間關係不和睦；原生家庭重建與管理監督困難等，仍應予 個別化考量，此亟需大家共同努力改善。 社工員強烈建議，政府站在主管機關立場，應積極建立一個親屬寄養完善的運作機 制，並由公部門持續介入管理與監督，以發揮社會安定功能。因此，建立一套包含審核 的標準、寄養補助金的規劃、教育輔導制度的建立、以及定期追蹤評估實施績效的完整 機制，應是目前社會安定政策當務之急。 本研究係為一探索性研究，彙整社工員的實務經驗與觀點，希冀為親屬寄養的制度 化提供具體之建議。然而，在親屬寄養推行後亦可能會產生某些非預期的效果，政策制 訂者應預先考量及準備，以建構較適切之親屬寄養服務模式。 關鍵字：親屬寄養、寄養、安置評估.
(4) Abstract. The importance of kinship foster care has gained more attention recently; however, the legal definition and system operation of kinship foster care are still not elaborated clearly enough by government authorities. Using the kinship foster care model of the United States as a pattern, and through interview with social workers and case description, this study aims to explore the system operation and core concept of kinship foster care in Taiwan, and further make suggestions about the system establishment and research on kinship foster care. In this study, social workers agreed that "placing the children with placement needs in the kinship family after an assessment” is identified as kinship foster care service. After comparing the domestic cases of kinship foster care and the kinship foster care model of United States, many similarities, and some structural differences between the two countries were found. The social workers point out that the kinship foster care was better, and has the advantages of consanguinity, reduction of trauma and alienation. Stable placement environment which avoids re-entry placement. Similar life experience which reduces child’s uncertainty and anxiety, and the sense of belonging as well as retaining the cultural context and respect of the original lifestyle. Nevertheless, inevitably. kinship. foster care has problems in practice as well, which includes interference from original family, the gap between policy makers and executors of kinship foster care, discord between the original family and relatives, and difficulties of reconstruction and management from. the original family. Besides, individual case differences should. also be considered. These issues also need to be solved eagerly..
(5) The social workers strongly recommend that the government should actively create a better mechanism of kinship foster care, and manage and supervise it continuously. This includes setting up a system containing audit standards, foster grants planning, education and counseling systems, and regular follow-up assessment of performance as a matter of urgency for a stable social policy. As an exploratory study, this study hopes to provide suggestions about structuring kinship foster care system by means of compiling social workers’ practical experiences and points of view. However, since the implementation of kinship foster care may face some unintended effects, government agencies should consider and prepare in advance. to construct the more appropriate kinship foster care service model in. Taiwan.. Keywords: kinship foster care, foster care, placement assessment.
(6) 目. 錄. 第一章 緒論 ........................................................................................................................... 001 第一節. 研究動機與問題意識........................................................................................ 001 . 第二節. 研究背景與研究目的........................................................................................ 002 . 第三節. 名詞界定 ................................................................................................................. 005 . 第二章 文獻探討 ............................................................................................................... 006 第一節. 親屬寄養的意涵 .................................................................................................. 006 . 第二節. 美國親屬寄養的制度........................................................................................ 008 . 第三節. 親屬寄養與一般寄養之差異 ........................................................................ 027. 第四節. 國內對親屬寄養服務形式觀點之初探 .................................................... 032 . 第三章 研究方法 ............................................................................................................... 033 第一節. 研究方法之選擇 .................................................................................................. 034 . 第二節. 研究場域與對象之選擇 .................................................................................. 036 . 第三節. 資料處理與分析 .................................................................................................. 039. 第四節. 研究倫理 ................................................................................................................. 042 .
(7) 第四章 研究結果分析 ................................................................................................... 044 第一節. 親屬寄養意涵之探討........................................................................................ 044 . 第二節. 親屬寄養的優缺點分析 .................................................................................. 053 . 第三節. 社工員對親屬寄養制度的觀點（一）-審核 ....................................... 065. 第四節. 社工員對親屬寄養制度的觀點（二）-補助 ....................................... 086. 第五節. 社工員對親屬寄養制度的觀點（三）-輔導 ....................................... 103 . 第五章 綜合討論 ............................................................................................................... 121 第一節. 研究結果 ................................................................................................................. 122 . 第二節. 研究討論 ................................................................................................................. 132 . 第三節. 研究限制 ................................................................................................................. 140. 第四節. 研究建議 ................................................................................................................. 141. 附錄一. 訪談大綱 ................................................................................................................. 146 . 第六章 參考文獻 ............................................................................................................... 147 一、英文部分 ........................................................................................................................... 147 二、中文部分 ........................................................................................................................... 149 .
(8) 圖 次 圖 2.1 親屬寄養證照標準的連續體 ................................................................................. 015 圖 2.2 2001 年美國各州證照使用類型百分比與州數 .................................................... 016 圖 2.3 各類證照各給付內涵之比例 ................................................................................. 019 圖 2.4 採用 Full Licensure 之各州親屬寄養與一般寄養費用相對位置 ................... 021 圖 2.5 採用 Waived or Modified Standard 之各州親屬寄養與一般寄養養費用 相對位置 ................................................................................................................ 022 圖 2.6 採用 Separate Approval Process 之各州親屬寄養領取費用佔一般寄養 費用比例 ................................................................................................................ 024 .
(9) 表. 次. 表 2.1 美國 1999 年與 2001 年親屬寄養標準的變化 ..................................................... 017 表 2.2 採用 Full Licensure 標準之親屬寄養與一般寄養費用比較 ........................... 020 表 2.3 採用 Waived or Modified Standard 標準之親屬寄養與一般寄養費用比較 . 021 表 2.4 採用 Separate Approval Process 標準之親屬寄養與一般寄養費用比較 ..... 023 表 4.1 符合本研究定義之親屬寄養實務個案一覽表 ..................................................... 049 表 4.2 100 年度兒童及少年寄養費暨委託安置費用標準一覽表 .................................. 086 表 5.1 國內與美國親屬寄養審核模式對照表 ................................................................. 124 表 5.2 國內與美國親屬寄養補助模式對照表 ................................................................. 125 表 5.3 國內親屬寄養實務運作模式一覽表 ..................................................................... 127 表 5.4 不同背景社工員對於親屬寄養督導的主責單位的看法 ..................................... 131 .
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