美國外貿決策中的府會關係

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(2) i.l<i. .ifI!1O/ ~ ~._lI(.Ml$l~.~. 0. #l:;JK~ft'!I"'.III.;jiW;IIl."', (11I111:t"1l@~*~ ~ lI!{lIiJ+llllll- ~ R!~) ~ ~1I11. ._UK,..;I;I:1 0. (United States Trade Representative). 4itl@> Congressz'onal Quarterly Weekly RePort (CQWR). August 6. 1988. p.2216.. ~r--.1fflii\ r<4li:!-~~J ~Illl~" ~~~~.-Kr--. r:ll\K1I!~~~~D!iQiJ. ~~r--.~~~~~•• ~~~~~~~~o. ... ~~~<>8.~. i:i.~. <>. .. e>l&{. :Jnm~. .. ~.~~~.d~1I!~1I!~~.~~~~ •• ~ .. ~~.~~~.~~~~m.~~.e.~<>~~~.~~. 1~~.~~1I!~~~~~~~~~$~B~.~.~.~~'~~~~~~~1I!~~~~~"~~~~~.=*~~~~ ~~~.o ~"~~~11!~~~.~~"~~~~~~~~~~~~=~"~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~. ~qj~;eI~~.~1E1111[! "lii~~=~lfHli.!~~-m-~~~ ~ ~~:l.R.~~Hii~Hii~~~~1!t:~~.e~~~~~:JnK;¥!~lIim~~. ~~~... *~~•• ~.~*~.~~:Il\K1I!~.~.~~~o. ~~:Il\K1I!~~*~~~~~"1I!.~~~~~~~B~~~~~~~~"~~~~.~~~~~IE~~~~~~~.~:JnK~. ... ~ $*-1<~~ ~'S~,*{i!'*~t(i~. ::t I ~ I IOijl-:t:!!lUi'll ~.Il! ~. :Il\K1I!~:t:.~.-K~jr?~~d111$!~~~~~8\. '\ ,. ~ I. ~~!E!~e~ 1~~$ <> ~f-'-~~.-4~ 1i<$le;-K.~~~*~:llJK1I!~.~~'.~i;::jm~~mK~.~ .... etSll;!~~~mK~.~. ·.. ~~.tttljt:t:.~.~Hii~fdt~~ .. ~~~~~~ <>. 0. .1~$le;-K.~~~1I!~:t:.~~.~ •••• ~<> • • ~:Il\K1I!~~~~.d1l!~~~~~.€"~~ •• ~~S~~. ~IE.~~~~-N~ .. J1.I~ 1:¥!111l!~~.~${ll;!~$$~~~1C~.~~~ , ~tt1l! ·.. ~e:ll\K1I!~~~d$le;4J;I~~,~ .... ~~ .. ~~e.~eti~m~Md. .-N.":JnK~~~~.~.-Kii\:JnK~ •• ~~~M1I!~o:JnK~~~~~~¢~ •• ~~~~~~~. ... 1I!~~.~€~${~~~:JnK;¥!~e~~~"~~~lIim~.~. ••• ~ .. $$~~~.~~~.~~~~~.~~~.. :Il\K1I!.~~~~.~~~-8!E!IE~U~1I!1I!~~~."~.~ •• ~~1I!~~.*~.~~~ao ~1E. 4itle> Ibid•• pp.2217-2218. iIilii@ O. lohn Ikenberry. ·Conclusion: An Institutional Approach to American Foreign Economic Policy. -International Organization. 42: I, Winter 1988.,· p. 222 leff. Frieden, ·Sectoral Conflict and Foreign Bconomic Policy, 1914-1940", International Organ;zation, 42:1. Winter 1988. p.71. ~@). I<I!I:t:fIII(;ttHI-$~.!I~.

(3) •. ',.. -':. •• :. .-.., w. •. ~". ...., : ,. •. ~lfijll$~<il~~.il~iii. ~lmIg:,l,l:!-~m:: <),. .~~~o. IS*il~-±lI(IImIiI.tR~.w.l ~ 11. 1 ~ 1 ~ I 11 l{1:j- ... ~~. L~ 1 1O~=t:I(IIm~~~~D\ll~*J.[m~~!l!!!!:m~~? 1 ~\§.g;\t~'<$!+<.1l5~liif~. 0. e~~ ~~~~lW~o., ~1I!~Hilm~~:m~~~jljl!;~~. ~;jje~.~m~ .~~~IHi!ll~~~.flI:{:m~{Qi1. ~W~SHI1.~*.~.~~~'$:t-NjL-·~. <ill. <). ••. ~IIIOJJt~iialRll~1<.Ii~. l!I¥:Rl\ll.l:P~mn.~~~. 0. <). ~~ill[.1 ~$1~+<~~I!:~-<@;:m~.. • lil!jljl!;IiI~1tl.~~~$~~:InK~.H~. 0. 1~". ~mJ!.lI(IIm~~~~:mOR. I. +<1i·o.QR l~la.m-Ii~~~~C1 ..t.j" ~il1tl.Snli!l10./Jht~:m1tl~" 1 ~1110,ijf~~:m-ffi{~;i!f.:-~~.~~ ( SmootHawley Tariff Act) ~~*I<IImt!lSil1tl.:m~ltj~~ @)~~~~~~:mlil!~+<~~~~~~. 0. 1 ~11l0,ijf~;I$~:m~~t!lSI~~~HE~~:m~I." J!!!.~ifij. <). ~~IiI.:m~." 1<1Im.~~~~. 0. <). <). ~ 1 ~~..t.j:m~ . . . .+<j'-.~~~lifij. @~~1(1Im1\~lil:J"lvliI~W~41l~:mit~~~~.. 1 ~l11g[,ijfKm::I<IImIlm.~~j'-.IiI~e:~E(Cordell Hull) ~iH:m nttl~~~~{W~J (Reciprocal Trade Agreement A~ RTAA) ·~~~~I(IIm.~~~~.~~.~~ • • ~• • ~{W,,8~ • • ~• • .w~tR-N~+:m..t.jjL-~-N~ • • ~1 1~llH(.ij:j-RP.4«" ~$'IiI~-R~.{w~~~*" ~~~m::::p~tII;m~. -!IM~-K<,{IiI.~lII. f'b~{wJ ,,~tII~~~~I<4];l*~:m~*~~~jL-~~. lmi~~" r~.~~~{W;lj1J i1ii\1(1Im.i\t~.~~=t:**I<IlI~~;;g~Illl*:m 1 ~I.{:FaI-. *l1fil(:!iUf!P~. ~:m~~~~tR-Ng[+g[ -N~" @ 1l!im!,~m!<E~lJ!!HI1I2{. .m~~~~~~.~M~. •••. I[:.w~~;;g~~$f:m~.-R" ~~l!1:a~~i1ii\.i\t:m~.O( ~11l,ijf:m~~ .. !SmJ!.l1iI.~111,ijf*,~~lDf{ 1 ~ .. @ :l${.~iilitt~~ ... ~. 1 ~g[~.ij:j-~-±l"I<IIm~liE~mK::P-\lIiI.,\;.;j'-.*11'/!l1\1>:~~~~{w" *~. Jitto ilii9. ... ~@). • b. \:. OZ~<). :41. I. F• . IJ'....... 4 . ..... '¥... Council on Foreign Relations. Foreign Policy Association. Carnegic Endowment for International Peaceij\P 0 til@) til@. Ii® Ii@. I. United States Code Annotated (USCA). Title 19§ 1351. Charles Kindleberger. The World in Depression. 1929-1939. (Berkeley University Press, 1973) pp.257-261. USCA. 19§ 1353. John H. Jackson, et a1.. ImPlementing The Tokyo Round: National Constitutions and International Economic Relations (Ann Abor: University of Michign Press, 1984), p.141; and John W. Evans. The Kennedy Round in American Trade Policy: The Twilight 01 the GATTI (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. 1971). p.7•. • Il:.no. :m:.II~$:Iat1<.~4r. _.___. . . . _ ... _. ... _&~'J'_ . . . . " ...... ~_"'."., ........._.• 1 _ # _ ' 1__'. _. ........ t . I " . i ...... !1_\.4.t~I""I'.Ulll.'--,......,.""--'._'""'J~,....,_. 11~+<_~~-N~" .w1(1Im:m~.-NjL- "1Im~~~~~1W~~~~ ~:lnKit- 1 ~g[-\l.ij:j-.:\;;;;::m r.~~~.~{WJ (General. __.

(4) 0. diIil@ John H. Jackson, et at., Implementing The Tokyo Round: National Constitutions and International Economic Relations (Ann Abor: University of Michign Press, 1984),p.141; and John W. Evans, The Kennedy Round in American Trade Policy: The Twilight 01 the GATT? (Cambridge. Mass: Harvard University Press, 1971). p.7.. mti' I1\< $lBJ(:i +< jjH~l ~r-. @ ~.::tr~~I!!". 0. 0. 11 f\<-Kiii!i$~1\!~ ~ .w:lllKIil:lfi$f3lt1\!1'- ~ lIISE.~~~-l\!lg~~~ .. ~it-l ~gr-\.l~~ti;;:lfi r~m?~.~1J;!;1J (General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade, GATT) 1H!.<~@tm~1II~.~~o@t:lfi1lm11~~~ l$iiME~I.~~[lg~lO:lfi.~~~.\'itm (4i~~ .. :lllK1II1II~1l¢il!!'!1§Hl'l!~~1+I~:lfi)~H~ ~~~::tr .. 1 ~K11~:lllKlill~AIJI~~;!J1~ .. ~1!!~o~lift1lli:!lf!t~4Ill§IIH~~.~~o~ 1 ~Kll1-- 1 ~K-\.l~1\!~" :lllKIil.w r:fn~i!lgA[lJ (Kennedy Round ) ~~~.~~it- .. it~~~~. ~. .. ~• • • ru~§SE.~~1:lfi1+l~.~o~ea~~ • • r~~• • ~.~.~~. . . . . ru~.~@t. -N*J;:l:lfi~~:i1:lI15m?o@ 1~-\.lO~~~~. ~lII.~:lfi1lm11~OO~o~~~::trl~:lfi~~"lII • .wl~-\.l~~~~~:lfi.~~~;!J1"~I!!~~lift1~~~~ • • • ~~~~.~ ~~o~::tr~~"~~~*~~~.~:lfir~~.~J~~.~«~~o. 0. 0. @ ~~m!I.~.lQ~ijfnlli:~tS:.~~~:lfi.~". 1 ~<O~~~~ .. l&.lH~~~:lfi r ~~.~J 1+1~" :gj*~~~.~~~1+I~:lfi••U~~ ;, ~~~~m(4ilHl~:lfi:t:.~{"., ~ :lllKam~ 1 ~<J;:l~~~*!lmtS:..;!J1#'Km.m!Iiti1~lift1$:JH:li~ ... -£H~lII~m:ii:lllKlg-NWl!l*·~@~~~~*1l1ml&.lH~-Dmf~~~. :t:m!IrE-<41<t.~:lfi~~~·~@~~+11~*11lm.~~.~ 1 ~<J;:l~"'[lgtf«4Il;!J1 .. ~.:i1:l:$ll~iiME:gllte~ ... ~:IllKm!I."'~Q .~ .. ~u¢:~te~~'3lf.~o@ ~~'te~~'3lf.III(4i~~:lfi 1~<O~~it-~ .. r • • •~~J :lfi~<ffi!4[l (~~1tll) ~~~~-$I.w 1 ~<K.l7t~~*mP-=l'h:( ~~ .w~ffi!4[l:lfi~~it- .. :IllK1Il1+l~~~.tiil[lg.~ r ~~~~m?!~. r ~~tI.iti1tiil ... ~~f9E~a:!:m::i1:l ( distorted) :lfi. ru.w 1 ~«~:lfi r~4[l.~;!J1J it- .. _!If!t~~~~~~ J ~~1l1.l7t ~~~~~ J;:l~*lm@t~o8 ;W@ USCA, Title 19§ 1821. dIil@ Evans, p.283. llitI@ lIJJ!;m";'III{B4l+I5J:.lItI1!m:t:I=r 1m· \IIl(1!1 0. Ibid. Ibid.. 111k:l. 1,l;lCl!) 1E.!£iCI'RI;!~I1I.\II8~· :!e:.III*K<4~lICmg"~illlll( • ~1lIi't:lii'it!m.tUill 0 Department 01 Stilte Bulletine. July. 19~8 p.49. if;j@ if;j@. itI@ CQWR Aug. 6, 1988, p. 2217. :W<1II:t:_;!£~il~.BI~.

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(6) 1tli!® CQWR. Aug. 6, 1988, p.2218.. illi8 E. E. Schattschneider. Politics. Pressures and Tariff (New York. N. Y.: Prentice-Ha1l. 1935). p. 36.. 0. -.~.~.~.~8 ••~.-~~.~ ••~.~~ •• ~o~~.~~~*~~.~.~.~~8 •• ~M~~·~ l\lI~#~~itf.~-l(8.'(IIIHtlM$I-<~<!l~ lE~!It!<!l~~ii:!!II~••nlllt;*m: (Wilber D. Mill) W1-F!l-RK~ 1 -F!-\lg[$-~ ... W.~8 •• ~M~~~.~*~~ •• ~ •• o *.W8••~MW~ .. ~¢•• ~~g~~~.$.~g •• oW.~ ••~~·8.~*~~."~~ ••~.~.B ...~~.~~*~~.g.~~~.~.~~~~.~ ... ~.~*~••• ~~~~. ~~.-~ •• B¢*~~.~~~. 1lt: o. ... ~,~~~::.tj;*~1,6~. 0. ~~ ... ~8 •• g.~itf~~*~~o*.~~~~~~1 o~~~~ .. ~••• ~~~~@-<~~~~~ .. ~~~W ~~~~tr~~~*~-.~*~~.~o~~~$~~~••~~~~~~~$o~~l-F!-\lg[$-~~tr~~·~.~~~~ ¥~.~~ !!II#l.W~.~~~~l-R+l1@M:et o. !Wl=itn~ • • • mK~.trg·£Hal-~4[l~ .. ~~.h~i~8••g~ ....~ :j(~.-< •. ~~~~:Pl-R~~~*-\l-< .. ~~~.~-E:04i18 •• (Trade Subcommittee) .. ~¢~~8 •••• ~ •• ~~ J.jJ.mKa1~~o® :j(lIIl~~~*~~Im.1:::1~~~J!lL{.<4~~~!!II#l~ .. ~.~~.~q~lEI~~:j.:~~q~lma~.l!~~~$J.~ ~~~.~Bg~~~~".~8 ••~ •• ~~J!lL{~~~~o~~"~~Im~.~~~~~m~~~·~~~~~J.jJ~~. ~.~~~~.~ .. ~~~~~~~~.~~g~.~o.~~~~r~~~~~J~~.~tr.~Im~~:j(~.~~~~o~ ~~ .. ~~g.~.~ •• ~:j(88 •• g~~"~ •• E~8 •• g.~ •• ~~~~.~~~o~~~~.~.~~~~~ •• I$Il(J!lL{~g... o. 0. 0. _m. Q. ... M*.~ •• a.~~ . ~ •• ~~~... ~.$~Im•• ~~m~e~~~~.o¥~ •• "~*.$.~••••• ~ ~~. eI• • *~.g~ ~~.m~&~.E~e~111¢~11~-Y~~.ai~~~~;;tS11~<lfl~~~m~;;tS~~ .. i1i$lt!~~;;tS. .... 1f\~.'.:)~.~1:::1;l;l;i}(jl;;tS .. ~.:j(~~~~· .. ~itf~~M.*~.ai" ~~~{[!I.I$Il(~;;tS~ 1$\~,* ~~ ~t! ~~~. Qlleue~. Versus Committee. Expansion~· A~e'icl'ln. 111-\3. /o",nal o[ folitical Science, 32:2. May 1988. pp. 317-344.. tIitllS Members of ConlItess Since 1789, 3rd ed•• (Wash. D. C•• Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1985). p. 182 ii® ~.OO<I1(~lll.*,M.G.-R~.llll(3!ji!.l!!! .. Mich~el C. Munger. "Allocation of Desirable Committee Assignment: Extended ;llIISftI:t;.~~:g:~...~.

(7) I!:lIIattiiit .• ~f1. .'<I'~ o.. . ,. 111<. '!~lfifB::M:·.iti!.l!I!-< .. ~ ~1m~-N~:!s.l1lmW#iUttEl\~il;i;i:!S\lBllIEi. 1Ilt1ll~.l!l-""~. ~.Bi:!s~~Iiii"2~~,~ ~$S:g~I5f~~~~~ ". ".-. ,t#~.~~.iJUi (I .~~<IJ~ . . .1·~·4l~Jt) -. .. 0. l~~O.~~.·~.B:: • • • • ~ • • • :!sB~~~Im.~' • • Br~.B'ImSB' • • B"'.l~.B~:!s • • ~~ rlm~.~\Klli.~J (International Trade Commission) $lIP '" ~\N$Il(.g.!{Il(1tlm(:!S~." 1!l!!\fi\ 1~KI1.1m~~~.-K. 0. (!II ~~ ... r:l!f:~~1fR(J. It€tmK nl;::.:!!:~J (Executive Broker) :!S~<llJ~~ .. $iE·· 3#/inlm:. .~;l;l1~ .. -h7~~ 11 1~-N~{W:j!m-k\~.~.1'-r r :l!f:~.~~ 1fR(J .. :j(1t1l\l±i.mW .. 3~ 1fR(:JIIKJI[ ~~ii\:t:~ll;::.~~~··:§;$i ~fi~.!W~$i.$!ifti~~~~.~.1i!5 0 .. :jnlll'l~.:W;-iK.w-k\.lR.m:::-h7~ 1 1 O-\l~lill;::~~4p- '" r=l'h:(~ml~~l~ r:l!f:~~ .G:.~ll;::.1i<4~~.. 0. Wl~~~i4Ui:W;iil?~ ....Bu¢(~~I+1 (Maurice H. Stans. :t:1m~~~:!£l~I@.~ :§:l~~W:-1~;l;l1B~mm::!£l~~~ •.. ~~Ell;::.$B~~:!£l~~~ 0 r:l!f:~.~~1fR(J~.~§"-<.~~.~*~~"W• • ~.~Im.~\lBllI~~~m!{ll(1tlm(",:j(-k\~~ • • B~• • Bo~~ 1IlI:jnlll'l~fi\lHiUII,:W;iil?~" r:l!f:~.~~1fR(J :!£l\lBlll~::lili~*~lIli. liil?§~~-<=.~r:l!f:~~1fR(J$~r. (Council for International Economic Policy) ,,!lItI'-r~~ r.~~ 1fR(J :!S~~ '" ~.~.~\Klli.. )~~~~~r:l!f:~~1fR(J:!£l.~$i~."~~~~:!£l~~~fi\~\lBllI:!£l~." SI~.~~~\Klli. tIlJ. '". :j!mil!E.~~1fR(~:l!f:$:~. (Robert S. Strauss). ~~~~~:!£l~lttEl1lME. " ~1±{~~.\KllinID(.1t1il!E. ~.w~:M{l~-N~ '" r.~~1fR(J.w 1 ~-\l~.:!£l r.~.~~~J .g.a:~~g~1t~~~:!S~~". tIl;t{W~-1~;l;l1~~ r~1fR(J :!£l;l;l1{w~~ '" ~.~iia:~~~~~1lit>r:j!mil!E~1fR(BU¢(~.~~~~". ;l;l1!!il(.w 1 ~-\lgr.-ffilll!:;\l,?~ 0. ~I'-rlmtll:!£l~iijif.:<~-N:t:. ~1Il!qI:ltl~. .iii~ (Rusell B. Long) .. ~:j(:¥!~~~• • ~~:jnjn. " ~~~l!I!-<'*t\l1~~$,*,~ .. ~:¥!~\lBllI~Im~ r .~.~~~J '" fi[iil? R><i1~~Im~:!£lif.:<~o. !l(.. ~r:l!f:~.~~1fR(J~ ... :M{l~~~~ • • ~~~.~~~.~~~."'tEl~W• •~~.~~ • • ::lili:!£l*."'W::lili.~ ~~~fi:W;~.Ii«~:!£l:j(:¥!~~":j!m~"'~:!£l-<.l±i~B* • • ::lili"'*~\lBllI.~<llJ~,,miil?"'-ffi~-<.E~~~"*~*~1. •• ~~(I~4l~Jt~.). ~ • • ~.~~:!£l#~1t1."~r=l-ffi~~~tEl1lME",~~r.~~1fR(J~~~~.~~~o n~~~. USCA. Title 19 11801.. Ibid.. §2171.. ~. iii. iiie. .. ~~~r:;\l,?~~~~~J~*~~~ • •~~"~:JIIK~.:t:~~ • • ~~~S.~. . . . . tEl~~¥:;\l,?~~~l~-\l~~-\l .w r~~.~~1fR(J ~~:!£l:M{l~-N..y '" .-K~!lIt~~::lili r.~~1fR(ftllilIJ (U. S. Trade Representative) .. !Ir'~.~~.

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