ኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำᆶբೕጄϐ
ጰཁ ݅ࢅҴ
[email protected] [email protected]
ύ୯ЎϯεᏢၗૻኞࣴز܌
ᄔा
ኧՏࣽמזೲޑǴߦШࣚӚ୯ৎ֡ख़ ຎЎϯޑኧՏߥӸᆶኧՏኞᔈҔǶஒࣔޑ Γᜪޕᆶඵች่ǴࡌҥԋڂᙒسǴБߡ׳Ԗ ਏޑᔈҔǶฅԶҞ୯ϣѦޑኧՏڂᙒीฝǴӚൂ ՏՉޑࢬำϝឦӚԾࣴᔕ໒ബБԄǴۘࡑࡌҥܴ ዴޑ୷ҁπբࢬำᆅኳԄᆶၨֹޑמೌϷբ ೕጄǶ ҁЎଞჹ୯ϣѦᑈཱུኧՏڂᙒीฝޑᐒ ᄬǴϩКၨӚᐒᄬჴࡼኧՏڂᙒޑπբࢬำǴ Ӛᡯޑख़ाБݤᆶמೌǴ٠ୖԵ࣬ᜢྗೕ ǴࣁኧՏڂᙒޑ୷ҁπբࢬำೕጄǴעኧՏڂ ᙒՉπբ٩ OAIS ୖԵኳԄᆶ NISO ኧՏڂᙒࡌ ᄬচ߾ޑКၨϩǴࣴᔕኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำᆶբ ೕጄǴගٮኧՏڂᙒسࡌϐୖԵኳԄǶ ᜢᗖӷǺኧՏڂᙒǵࡕၗǵπբࢬำǵբೕ ጄAbstract
Due to the fast development of information technology, each country applies for the new technology to preserve the traditional cultures. The domestic institutions which need a great deal of skills, workforce and the know-how are still mapped out on their own.
In this paper, I will analyze and compare with the workflows for digital archive of organizations. According to use of NISO(National Information Standards Organization) digital archive construction principles and OAIS (Open Archival Information System) model for the long-term preservation. It will also provide the model of OAIS as references to construct for the integration of digital archive system in the future.
Keyword: digital archivesǵ metadata ǵ working
procedureǵoperation standard
1.
ق
җܭၗૻࣽמޑזೲǴΓᜪЎܴޑᒵ ک܍ǴςவરᙯᡂډᆛၡǴ٠Ъόᘐቚуа ኧՏϯБԄᓯӸǴၸᆛၡޑೱ่(hyperlink)Ǵ ԋঁϩණᓯӸޑᚳεޕ[17]ǴШࣚӚӃ୯ ৎ֡ख़ຎЎϯޑߥӸǴคόठΚܭኧՏڂᙒी ฝޑวǴځҞޑЬाࢂаኧՏמೌǴଞჹӚ୯ന ڀж߄܄ޑΓЎǵ᛬ೌǵᐕўࣔЎނǴࡌҥኧ ՏϯޑკЎၗǴЬाҞޑࢂஒڀԖሽॶޑΓᜪ ޕᆶඵችޑ่уаჴՉኧՏϯπբǴБߡԖਏ ޑᔈҔǶ ჹܭᔞਢևޑࠔ፦ᆶߏයᓯӸޑᔞਢԄ аϷזೲᔠၗޑၗૻࣽמǴΨࣁҞӚ୯܌ཱུ Κวޑמೌ[2]ǴႝηၗྍޑߏΦߥӸᆀࣁȨኧ ՏڂᙒȩȐdigital archivingȑǴཀࡰߏයޑᓯӸǵߥ ӸϷڗҔচғޑኧՏၗ܈ஒচۈၗኧՏϯࡕ ޑၗǴаኧՏၗૻޑԄܰܭኞǵፄᇙϷӆճ ҔǴ٬ளޕޑВίٚǶ2.
ኧՏڂᙒྗำׇޑख़ा܄
Ӛ୯ӭൂՏςԖࡌኧՏڂᙒޑЎҹᆶ ᡍǴฅԶ୯ϣѦӚኧՏڂᙒࣴᇙൂՏޑբݤࣣό࣬ ӕǴӧค୷ᘵޑୖԵኳԄΠǴҞࣣԾՉࣴᔕኧՏ ڂᙒޑࡌБԄ[21]Ƕ ҁЎࣁࡌҥኧՏڂᙒྗπբࢬำޑୖԵኳ ԄǴଞჹ୯ϣѦԏᙒεໆࣔЎނΞᑈཱུኧՏ ڂᙒीฝޑᐒᄬǴϩКၨӚᐒᄬჴࡼኧՏڂᙒޑ πբࢬำǴࣴزኧՏڂᙒ୷ҁԶܴዴޑբࢬ ำǴࣁࡌҥኧՏڂᙒޑୖԵǶќѦǴ٩Ᏽኧ ՏڂᙒπբࢬำǴӚᡯޑख़ाБݤᆶמೌǴ ٠ୖԵ࣬ᜢྗೕǶ3
ኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำ
ଞჹ୯ϣѦᑈཱུኧՏڂᙒीฝޑᐒᄬǴϩ КၨჴࡼኧՏڂᙒޑπբࢬำǶ 3.1ऍ୯୯კਜᓔ ऍ୯୯კਜᓔࢂऍ୯നԐՉኧՏϯޑ ሦᐒᄬǴԶऍ୯Ꮻ(American Memory)ࢂӧ 1990 ԃԿ 1995 ԃ໔ჴࡼޑӃᏤࠠኧՏڂᙒीฝǴࡕٰ Ԝीฝ൩ԋࣁऍ୯୯ޑኧՏڂᙒीฝ(National Digital Library Program/Library of Congress, NDLP)Ƕ NDLPගٮޑπբࢬำϸࢀр࣬ᜢൂՏሡό ӕޑπբࢬำǴόࢂԛኧՏڂᙒሡा಄ӝ܌ӈ ᖐޑ܌ԖᡯǴჴሞεӭኧπբࢬำёѳՉ Չ[4]Ƕ (1) ྗഢπբǺኧՏϯޑྗഢπբǴዴۓϩπǴ ٠ᆶ࣬ᜢᙍΓᖄᛠ (2) ᒧҔഢǺᒧҔኧՏϯഢᆶೕǴाԖ ۓጄൎǴӚഢޑфૈሡၲډሡೕǶ NSC 93-2422-H-034-001(3) ЎނኧՏϯೀǺ ǸኧՏϯπբǺаඔᏔ܈ኧՏ࣬ᐒೀ ǸਸೀǺࡌᔞࡕೀ܌ғౢޑӭঁჴᡏǴ ٯӵǺቹТύ໔εکλޑЁκኧՏϯЎҹǹ ܈ޣܴკႽکёཛྷ൨ޑЎӷϣǶ ǸೀࡕޑמೌԵቾǺЎҹڮӜǵ҅Ўᡂඤǵ Ԅǵᓸᕭکଌ൞ϟ (4) ቹႽࠔ፦Ǻ 100%ޑᔞਢԄᆶᓸᕭޑԄǶ (5) ኧՏᔞਢᓯӸسǺаၗسᓯӸ܌ඔॊ ޑၗǴᆶჴᡏ൞ᡏޑᓯӸس (6) วթᆶቶǺ ஒڂᙒޑၗගٮܭᆛሞᆛ ၡǴၸᘤំᏔޑᔠ၌Ǵ٠ቶᔈҔǶ (7) уॶᔈҔǺаബཀޑБԄࡌҥуॶౢࠔǴ׳ቶ ࣁᔈҔǶ 3.2у৾εᒪౢၗૻᆛ ӧ 2002 ԃǴу৾εᒪౢၗૻᆛ(Canadian Heritage Information Network, CHIN)ௗڙہԎǴࣴ زᜢܭу৾εറނᓔޑኧՏڂᙒࡌᄬݤǶೕჄр റނᓔኧՏڂᙒޑࡌǵࡹᆶ൞ᡏԄӈ߄ ࣣҗԜࣴزౢғǴځύଞჹՉኧՏڂᙒπբࡌ ӵΠӈ[3]Ǻ (1) ࡌҥࡹЎҹ (2) ጓڋԖڂᙒࠔమൂ (3) ϩࢴπբΓೢҺ (4) ஒኧՏᔞਢԄ٠ஒԄ෧ϯ (5) ٩ڂᙒࠔख़ा܄௨ׇᆶᔞਢԄ (6) ᠘ۓᐒᏔഢኧՏϯޑࠔ፦ (7) ຑՉπբޑਔำ (8) ዴᇡ metadata Ԅ ஒՉޑਔำϩࣁΟঁ໘ࢤǴಃൻׇᡯࣁ ϩࢴπբΓೢҺǵࡌҥࡹЎҹǵጓڋԖڂᙒ ࠔమൂǴаΟπբՉዴჴࡕǴӆՉԖᜢ πբाୖԵޑᔞਢԄྗǴڂᙒࠔख़ा܄௨ׇᆶ ᔞਢԄǵ᠘ۓᐒᏔഢኧՏϯޑࠔ፦ǵᆶࡕၗ (metadata)ԄǴӆࡌҥਔำ߄ӆዴᇡπբޑ ՉࡋǶ ќѦଞჹኧՏڂᙒቨቶ܄ೕჄࡌǴԵቾᡏ ޑ҂ٰុวޑख़ᗺǺ(1)ၗૻࣽמπڀԵໆǴ(2) ᆶ࣬ᜢᐒᄬࡌҥӝբᜢ߯Ǵ(3)ዴۓ࣬ᜢྗᆶᔞ ਢೕǴ(4)٬ҔԾϯޑᆅسǴ(5)բޑ ߥៈǶ 3.3म୯᛬ೌᆶΓЎࣽᏢၗ୍ܺ
म୯᛬ೌᆶΓЎࣽᏢၗ୍ܺ(the Arts and Humanities Data Service, AHDS)ǴࢂߥӸϷቶ᛬ ೌΓЎሦୱϐࣴزϷ௲ػႝηၗྍޑ୍ܺᐒᄬǴ༼ ጓޑኧՏڂᙒמೌЋнǴхࡴቹႽೕǵྗᇥ ܴǴࡌޑᡯࣁǺ(1)ीฝᆅǵ(2)ހᆅǵ (3)ኧՏϯᡯǵ(4)ᓯӸኧՏᔞਢǵ(5)Ьᚒϩᜪۓ ကࡕၗ(metadata)ǵ(6)ኧՏϯࠔ፦ߥ [1] Ǵ Զᜢܭറނᓔ߾εӭ٬ҔSPECTRUMޑࡕၗ ԄǴӵεमറނᓔ[10]Ƕ Զ AHDS ڂᙒޑᅿᜪӭǴЬा୷ܭϕ೯ޑ
ࢎ ᄬ Π Ǵ ٬ Ҕ OAIS(Open Archive Information System)ྗǴஒኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำҞϩࣁ[6]Ǻ (1) ᘏڗ(ingesting)ǺЬाࢂԖᜢܭࢬำύᇶշޑπ բǴӵǺၗਡჹǵЎҹᆅբǶ (2) ᆅޣ (Administrator)Ǻۓက࣬ᜢೕጄЎҹǴ ӵೕӈ߄ǵ٬Ҕೕ߾Ƕ (3) ႣӃीฝ (Preservation Planning)Ǻۓကࡕၗ ᆜा(Schema)ᆶϣۓကǶ (4) ჴᡏၗᓯӸ (Archive Storage)Ǻჴᡏᔞਢ ഢǴӵǺᅶᅷତӈ(RAID)Ƕ (5) ၗᆅ (Data Management)ǺࡕၗᓯӸ ᆶᆅǴӵ XML ЎҹǴၗӸڗीǶ (6) ၗӸڗ (Access)ǺόӕҔޑᔞਢӸڗǶ ஒኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำа೭Ϥࢬำೕጄٰ ՉǴ߄ҢӚπբࢬำ໔ޑᜢ߯ᆶӝբᜢ߯ᆶೢǴ ᆶቹႽࣽמࠊ၌୍ܺ(Technical Advisory Service for Images, TASI)ӝբว࣬ᜢޑቹႽೕǶ
3.4 ᐞࢪ୯ৎკਜᓔ
ᐞࢪ୯ৎკਜᓔ(National Library of Australia,
NLA)ӧ 2001 ԃǴᔕۓΑЬाޑኧՏϯीฝǴӧኧ
ՏڂᙒޑࣴزǴ׆ఈගϲߥӸמೌᆶځд ࣬ᜢᚒǴҞុܭ PADI(The National Library of Australia's Preserving Access to Digital Information)೭ीฝǴԏᒵᐞࢪҁβϷШࣚӚ୯ ࣬ᜢޑᆛၡၗྍᆶמೌǴගٮޑኧՏڂᙒЋнаڂ ᙒҞޑᆶཀကឍॊᡯǴаΠӈᇥܴ[14]Ǻ (1) ኧՏڂᙒሡǺኧՏϯޑᓯӸ൞ᡏฯᡏک೬ᡏ ᡂϯזǴаߏᇻೕჄᆶమཱۓကڂᙒޑཀကǶ (2) ीฝԵໆǺӧՉीฝሡԖ٤ᇡޕǴᔈԵ ቾёૈၨߏਔ໔ᆶεໆߎᒲǴᆶӚڂᙒࠔ ޑྗഢπբǶ (3) మཱܴዴޑҞǺှೢҺ٠ЪೕჄीฝϣ ਔǴаӝڂᙒݩࢂख़ाޑǶ᠙ܭ׳ቶݱޑ ࡹ܈ޣᜢܭԏǵߥӸǵϦ໒کഢޑ٬ ҔǴѸሡӧीฝύٳԵໆǶ (4) ኧՏᔞਢԄǺమཱΑှኧՏϯ࡛ኬࡌҥک ёૈ٬ҔБԄǴ೭ஒߦዴۓߥӸޑНྗᆶ ሡǶ (5) ڂᙒኧՏϯሡǺΑှڂᙒ܌ሡኧՏϯഢǵ ڂᙒࠔޑඔॊǴаΟঁᢀᗺٰۓကǴϩձࣁǺ ǸDescriptive Metadata--ٯӵ٬Ҕ Dublin Coreǵ
MARCǵCDWA ྗǶ ǸStructural Metadataȋஒۓကϣޑ༤ቪǴஒ ϡનӵՖϪപǶ ǸAdministrative Metadataȋ࣬ᜢޑྗۓကǴ ӵკТ TIFFǵJPG ԄǶ (6) բԵໆǺբёޑፄᇙ٠܍ᏼߥӸǶ (7) ҂ٰᆢៈԵໆǺஒٰޑ٬Ҕፄᇙࣽמᆶёૈޑ מೌǴႣᘳೕჄǶ 3.5ኻԀہፕᏝ
DLM(Djangan Lupa Maluku)ፕᏝ(Electronic Records)җኻ࿉ޑ୯کኻࢪہ1996ԃ12
ДԋҥǴځύӝৎӅӕፕၗૻϯޗख़ाЎ ϯޑᏫୢᚒ(memory of the Information Society)Ƕ ЬाፕၸמೌॠཥǴӵՖஒख़ाޑૻ৲ ߏයߥӸǴஒԖᜢܭኧՏϯၗྍޑ߃ዺϩว๏Ӛ Ǵ٠Ъଞჹ܌ӣᔈޑ300ӭঁୢᚒᆶࡌՉঅ ҅کׯǴаٮኻ࿉୯ک࣬ᜢՉڂᙒޑᐒᄬ ୖԵǴDLM-Forum ک AIIM(The Association for Information and Image Management)ޑӅӕոΚ ΠǴӧ2002ԃஒᔞਢᓯӸᆅޑ٬ҔᡯǴวՉΑ Document and Enterprise Content Management for the Public Sector қҜਜ[7]Ǵπբࢬำᄬԋाનޑ ᇥܴǴځύय़ΟࣁᒵԋޑѸाచҹǶ (1) 䉧ȐRecordsȑǺҗΠय़ѤЬाϡનᄬԋǽ Ǹϣ ( Content)ǺхࡴკТǵЎӷǵᖂॣǵ ቹႽᄬԋϡનǴЬाаၗޑԄ߄ҢǴ ԶаЎӷඔॊǴхࡴ٬ҔᓯӸޑ൞ᡏԄǶ Ǹᄬ ( Structure)ǺӵASCIIЎӷǴӢࣁؒԖ ᄬϯǴ܌а၌کှϣ֚ᜤǴࡌ аSGMLᇟقDTDஒЎӷϣ่ᄬϯ߄ҢǶ ǸЎે ( Context)ǺڂᙒࠔޑॊϩᜪǴΨԋ ࣁനख़ाޑπբϐǴΨࢂߚதፄᚇЪᜤჴ ՉǴࣁΑԖਏ҅ዴӦᔠᔞਢᓯӸޑ୷ ᘵǴᜢܭޑϩᜪୢᚒǴ҅ࢂMetadata ྗޑᒧۓǶ
Ǹހय़ी ( Layout)ǺаCSS (Cascading Style Sheets) ᆶ XSL(Extensible Stylesheet Language)ࢂޑжඹБਢǴᡣހय़ठ܄Ƕ (2) Ӹڗ(Accessȑ Ǹวଌ ( Dissemination) ǺٯӵHTTP܈FTP ڐۓǴ֡ࣁёௗڙޑวଌྗǶ Ǹ၌ ( Query) -- ၌ձࡰۓޑၗૻ ǸӸڗᆅ ( Access control) --ଞჹόӕ٬Ҕޣ ᆅځӸڗज़Ƕ (3) ᏹբȐManipulationȑǺஒჴᡏኧՏϯޑഢǴ аϷၗբԋϐࡕޑၮҔکวଌޑᙯඤǶ (4) ߥӸȐPreservationȑǺߏයߥᆅԵቾޑሦୱ ǸԄ ( Formats)Ǻ൞ᡏኧՏޑᄬ Ǹ൞ᡏ ( Media)Ǻᒵ൞ᡏޑ٣ჴ (5).ϕඤ܄ȐCompatibilityȑǺႝηᔠسࣁЎҹ ᆅനࡕޑౢрǴ೭٤ߥӸΠٰޑၗࣁΑૈ ϕ ࣬Ҭඤ٬ҔǴԵໆ಄ӝҬඤၗޑྗǶ (6) ᕉნȐSupporting EnvironmentȑǺЎҹޑᆅǴ хࡴ࣬ᜢϣޑೕ߾Ƕ 3.6 ऍ୯୯ৎૻ৲ྗಔᙃ ऍ ୯ ୯ ৎ ૻ ৲ ಔ ᙃ (National Information Standards Organization, NISO)ගٮኧՏڂᙒࡌᄬࡰ ࠄ Ћ н (A Framework of Guidance for Building Good Digital Collections)җറނᓔၗૻҬඤڐ Ȑ Consortium for the Computer Interchange of Museum Information, CIMIȑ܌วǴࣁΑڐշӚ ᐒᄬኧՏڂᙒीฝวǴхࡴࡌౣޑኧՏϯ БݤǴറނᓔᆶკਜᓔ୍ܺᏢ(The Institute of
Museum and Library Services, IMLS)ႴᓰаԜਣࢎ วኧՏڂᙒس[9]Ƕ ԶЎύۓကࢎᄬޑѤঁਡЈǴϩձࣁڂᙒࠔ ༼(Collections)ǵኧՏᔞਢ(Objects)ǵࡕၗ (Metadata)ǵीฝᆅ(Projects)ǴࢂՉኧՏڂᙒ Ѹाᄬԋޑाન[11]ǴаΠӈࣁ၁ಒᇥܴǶ (1)ڂᙒࠔ༼(Collections)Ǻڂᙒࠔԏᆅࡹ ሡԵໆаΠ 7 ᗺচ߾Ǻ Collections চ߾ 1ǺమཱޑኧՏڂᙒࡹ Collections চ߾ 2Ǻۓက٬Ҕޣૈפډޑڂᙒ ࠔጄൎǵᆶӸڗज़ Collections চ߾ 3ǺԵቾኧՏϯޑߥӸਔ໔ Collections চ߾ 4Ǻ٬ҔޑኧՏϯמೌ Collections চ߾ 5Ǻբޑߥៈࡹᆶڗள բΓހ Collections চ߾ 6ǺኧՏϯᐒᏔԖёෳໆኧ ᏵǴբࣁࠔ፦᠘ۓޑୖԵ Collections চ߾ 7ǺѸஒڂᙒࠔϩᜪ (2) ኧՏᔞਢ(Objects)ǺڂᙒࠔኧՏᔞਢаߏයߥ ӸࣁЬाԵໆǴሡ಄ӝΠӈ 6 ޑԵໆǶ Objects চ߾ 1ǺኧՏϡҹૈӧόӕႝတҬඤ Objects চ߾ 2ǺԵቾኧՏϡҹޑӸڗǴᏃᆅ ኧՏࣽמޑׯᡂ Objects চ߾ 3ǺᔞਢԄޑЍජ Objects চ߾ 4ǺᔞਢڮӜޑ܄ Objects চ߾ 5Ǻଞჹόӕ٬ҔޣޑևԄ Objects চ߾ 6ǺኧՏϡҹޑඔॊԄԖᆅ ᆶևԄ (3) ࡕၗ(Metadata )ǺӚྗکמೌЍε ໆόӕޑૻ৲ޑ߄ҢǴՠࢂёගٮޑεໆૻ ৲Ǵ٬ҔЊวӝၗࢂຫٰຫᜤޑǶࡕ ၗکԏѸӧπำޑΠЎϣόૈᢀ ࣮Ǵ٠ЪڀԖё܄ǵჴ܄Ƕ Metadata চ߾ 1Ǻࡌҥڂᙒࠔӝޑඔॊ Metadata চ߾ 2ǺૈӧόӕႝတޑၗҬඤ Metadata চ߾ 3Ǻଞჹϣ๏ϒόӕज़ޑᆅ ڋ Metadata চ߾ 4Ǻమཱᙁൂޑഋॊ Metadata চ߾ 5ǺЍජڂᙒࠔᒵߏයޑᆅ Metadata চ߾ 6ǺхࡴኧՏᔞਢޑඔॊ (4) ीฝᆅ(Projects)Ǻ ᡏीฝޑՉᆶԵໆ Projects চ߾ 1Ǻڋۓीฝޑᄬԋ Projects চ߾ 2Ǻीฝޑຑ Projects চ߾ 3ǺՉᡯޑЎҹ Projects চ߾ 4ǺԵቾᡏޑࡌᄬਔ໔ 3.7 ୯ሞྗಔᙃ(ISO) ኧՏڂᙒӧऍ୯୯ৎϼޜᕴȐNational Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASAȑჴՉ ς Φ Ǵ ܌ ឦ ޑ ϼ ޜ ၗ ૻ س ᒌ ၌ ہ ȐConsultative Committee for Space Data Systems, CCSDSȑǴ ว ୯ ሞ ྗ ಔ ᙃ (International Organization for Standardization, ISO)ޑྗୖԵ
ኳ Ԅ ໒ ܫ Ԅ ᔞ ਢ ၗ ૻ س (Open Archival Information System , OAIS)ǴࢂঁୖԵኳԄԶߚ ჴբᇥܴǴϣЬाࢂࡌߏයߥӸࣁЬޑኳԄǴ аಔᙃϣޑΓᆶسಔԋπբࢬำኳԄǶ
ځύࡌΑϤЬाᄬԋޑाનǴӵკ˞܌ ҢǴϩձࣁᘏڗ(ingesting)ǵ Չࡹ(Administration)ǵ ߥ Ӹ ी ฝ (Preservation Planning) ǵ ၗ ᓯ Ӹ (Archive Storage)ǵၗᆅ(Data Management)ǵ ၗڗҔ(Access)Ǵᆶسޑ࣬ϕᜢ߯Ǵϩձࣁว թ ૻ ৲ ϡ ҹ (Dissemination Information Package, DIP)ǵၗૻᓯӸϡҹ(Archival Information Package, AIP)ǵ ૻ ৲ ග Ҭ ϡ ҹ (Submission Information Package, SIP)კ 1 ߄ҢԜኳԄޑࢎᄬ[5]Ƕ аኳࠠკှᇥܴӧࡌਜ܌ፕޑཷۺǴа ߄ၲᜢᗖޑࢬำኳԄǴӭኧՏڂᙒीฝࣣୖԵԜ ኳԄԶวǴӵǺRLG/OCLCޑࡌǶ კ˞! OAIS ୖԵኳԄ 3.8ኧՏڂᙒ୯ৎࠠीฝ ኧՏڂᙒ୯ৎࠠࣽמीฝӧ 2002 ԃԋҥǴ܍ ᠍Չࡹଣ୯ৎࣽᏢہȨኧՏറނᓔीฝȩǵȨ୯ ৎڂᙒኧՏϯीฝȩǵȨ୯ሞኧՏკਜᓔӝբीฝȩ аϷύѧࣴزଣӚ࣬ᜢЎڂᝤኧՏϯीฝޑ ᡍǴ٩Ᏽ୯ৎᡏวೕჄԶԋǶ Ԝीฝ٩ᏵኧՏౢрϣǴԖ 12 ঁЬᚒλ ಔǴхࡴǺނǵނǵᏔނǵਜฝǵᆶཥᆪǶ ၸԜᐉӛᐒڋǴଞჹ࣬ӕЬᚒޑڂᙒኧՏϯϩ٦ ᡍǴ࣬ϕᢀነᏢಞǴ٠ྎ೯ڐፓόӕᐒᄬ໔ޑኧ ՏϯୢᚒǴԋኧՏڂᙒמೌ༼ጓǴЬाаύѧ ࣴزଣǵᆵεᏢǵ୯ҥࡺറނଣᐒᄬޑኧՏ ϯᡍǴҁЎஒኧՏڂᙒࢬำᘜયӵΠ[16]Ƕ (1) ڂᙒࠔǺڂᙒࠔᒧҹǵගҹྗഢπբǶ (2) ጓҞǺஒڂᙒࠔख़ཥጓҞǶ (2) ࡕၗࡌҥǺҗࡕၗλಔ܌ࡌӚ ၗԄޑୖԵྗǶ (3) ڂᙒኧՏϯǺኧՏ࣬ᐒ܈ඔᐒࡌҥޑኧ Տᔞਢ (4) კႽߥៈǺੌНӑკႽߥៈǶ (5) ڂᙒၗૻسǺᓯӸࡕၗϷҢسǶ (6) ᆛሞᆛၡᔈҔǺӚЬᚒᆛၡ၌ᐒڋගٮǶ (7) ᖄӝҞᒵǺԵቾၗϕ೯Ǵၗа XML ޑ БԄᒡрǴࡌӅӕ၌ѳѠ 3.9 ୯ৎЎϯၗ ୯ৎЎϯၗࡌीฝΏՉࡹଣЎࡌ ȨᆛၡЎϯࡌวीฝȩϐΠޑ୷ᘵࡌηी ฝǴځҞޑࢂाس܄ǵीฝ܄ޑՉЎϯ᛬ೌၗ ྍϐᇆǵکߥӸǴ٠ᙖҗၗૻࣽמࡌҥኧՏ ϯڂᙒǴ੮ΠЎϯၗྍޑߏΦᒵǶ Ԝीฝࢂᇆǵፓӄ୯ϐ᛬Ўၗྍ(хࡴऍ ೌǵॣǵᆸᗂǵЎᏢǵᔍቃǵࡌᑐǵႝቹǵђЎ ਜᆶԴྣТ)Ǵ٠ՉܡឪǵࡌᔞǵኧՏϯπ բǴаЎӷǵᖂॣǵቹႽϷຎૻБԄևǴ٬ϩණ ӚӦޑ᛬ЎၗྍǴளаၸᆛၡǴᡣ҇ǵࣴزޣ ӝ܄ޑ၌ճҔǶ ගٮӚᜪЬᚒࡕၗᆶኧՏᔞਢԄǴа ЎࡌೕጄޑԄǴஒЎϯၗύޑϣठ ܄Ƕ୯ৎЎϯၗीฝՉख़ᗺхࡴΠӈբݤǺ (1) ԵໆբޑڗளǺ ගٮ࣬ᜢբౢࠨऊǴߥምբڗ ளޑ༤ቪ߄Ƕ (2) ڗளࡕၗԄᆶ࣬ᜢжዸୖԵǺ ಄ӝӚЬᚒࡕၗԄᆶൂՏжዸޑჹྣǶ (3) а EXCEL ߄༤ΕၗǺ ஒ࣬ᜢЬᚒԄа EXCEL ᒡΕၗǶ (4) ЎނኧՏϯǺ ගٮኧՏπբЋнǴхࡴᡍԏޑྗǴЬाа ѳय़ᜪڂᙒࠔࣁٯǶ (5) ᡍᆶࡕၗᒵ಄ӝޑቹႽᔞਢǺ аЎࡌගٮޑၗᡍπڀǴЬाᔠკТ ᔞӜᆶࡕၗ܌༤ቪޑᔞӜࢂցࣁठǶ (6) ᙯඤࡕၗࣁ XML ᔞගٮीฝᒤϦ࠻Ǻ ගٮᙯඤπڀǴϩණԄࡌᔞϷᡍᐒڋس೬ ᡏǴஒ EXCEL ၗޔௗᙯඤࣁ XML ᔞਢ ԄǴ٠಄ӝЎϯၗޑԄǶ (7) ගҬᔞਢǺஒკТᔞਢᆶ XML ᔞਢǴගҬԿ Ўϯၗ༊Ε࣬ᜢᔞਢ
4
ኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำКၨϩ
ஒኧՏڂᙒวԋࣁྗޑୖԵǴҞԖNISOวޑࡌᄬࡰࠄᆶ ISO ޑ OAIS ߏයߥӸޑ
ࢎᄬǴ߄ 1 ࣁٿୖԵྗϐКၨǴϩձаೕჄǵ ࢬำǵҞᆶჴբୖԵࣁКၨҞǴฅԶǴNISO ЬाаπբҞޑೕጄࣁЬǴԶ OAIS ࢂаঁӅ ೯܄ޑኧՏڂᙒࡌࢎᄬࣁୖԵǶ ൩ॊ୯ϣѦӚኧՏڂᙒᐒᄬ܌Չޑ πբࢬำǴჹܭኧՏڂᙒޑೕჄБԄ٠όठǴԖ аཷۺ܄ٰගٮࢬำೕჄǵΨԖаჴٯޑπբᡍ ٰೕჄ܈ࢬำբݤǴКၨ่݀ϩǴ߄ 2 ࢂஒӚ ीฝᆶ OAIS ୖԵኳԄ౦ӕᗺޑКჹǴаӚीฝޑ ೕჄۺǵࢬำǵπբҞᆶ OAIS ୖԵኳԄᡯ ᆶीۺКၨǶԶ OAIS લϿჹܭЎނኧՏϯϐ πբࢬำԵໆǴख़ӧܭኧՏᔞਢޑӸڗᆶඔॊǴ ฅԶЎނኧՏϯᘜᜪࣁკЎၗࡌҥޑҽǴ ᡏޑࡌᄬѸЍජࡕၗඔॊޑीǶ а NISO চ߾ࢂπբҞჹܭࡕၗޑЍ ජᆶଛӝीޑೕჄԵໆǴ߄ 3 ගٮ୯ϣѦӚीฝ
ᆶ NISO চ߾ࣁКၨϩǴКၨӚЬाीฝޑ ՉਔޑπբҞᆶբೕጄҞǴࣣૈ಄ӝӚᅿी ฝϐೕጄচ߾ǴԶჹܭቹႽբߥៈࣣаੌНӑ ٰߥ⾙კТǴฅԶҞԖᜢܭբߥ⾙ޑၗૻࣽ מۘ҂ԋዕǴԶࡺǵўറᓔӧπբࢬำύΨ҂ஒ ԜӈࣁѸाޑπբҞǴՠࢂӚीฝޑᡏπբ ࢬำѸЍජࡕၗޑीᆶ༤ቪǶ ߄ 1ǺOAIS ᆶ NISO ྗКၨ ኧՏڂᙒीฝ OAIS NISO ࢬำᡯ ϤεୖԵࢬำ คࢬำࢎᄬǴѤᄬԋाન ೕჄᢀᗺ ϤεπբҞޑ࣬ϕଛӝ Ӛाનଛӝࡕၗޑी ჴբୖԵ ᡏ܄ޑπբࢬำࢎᄬ πբՉޑୖԵྗ߾ բೕጄҞ คܴዴޑբೕጄҞ ѤᄬԋाનޑբೕጄୖԵ ߄ 2 ኧՏڂᙒӚЬाीฝᆶ OAIS ኳԄКၨ ኧՏڂᙒीฝ ೕჄᢀᗺ ᆶ OAIS Ӆ ӕ܄ ᆶ OAIS ৡ౦܄ ऍ୯୯კ ਜᓔ ኧՏڂᙒό ሡा಄ӝ܌ ӈᖐޑ܌Ԗ ᡯǴӭኧ πբࢬำ ٠ᖄՉ ख़ܭՉࡹ ᆅᆶߥӸ ीฝǴගٮ Ҭඤ܄ᔞਢ ޑዴᇡǴа ٮҬඤ٬Ҕ ԵໆЎނኧ Տϯуॶᔈ Ҕ у৾εЎϯ ၗౢၗૻᆛ ӄዬ܄ޑڂ ᙒೕჄࡌ Ǵхࡴอ යǵߏයೕ Ⴤख़ᗺ ගٮҬඤ܄ ᔞਢޑዴ ᇡǴаٮҬ ඤ٬Ҕ ԵໆЎނኧ Տϯπբ (ឪቹǵ བ)ޑ࣬ᜢ ୖԵ म୯ΓЎ᛬ ೌࣽᏢၗ ୍ܺ а OAIS ࢎ ᄬೕჄπբ ࢬำǴԵቾ πբࢬำ໔ فՅೢҺޑ ϩࢴ а OAIS ޑ ࣬ᜢϡҹբ ࣁπբࢬำ ೕჄाᗺ மፓπբࢬ ำύޑفՅ Һ୍Ǵᆶၗ ૻسޑଛ ӝǶ ኻࢪہ ፕᏝ ख़ၗޑ ᓯӸǵ ଌǵϣۓ က Եໆᡏ܄ ޑߏයߥӸ ೕჄ ѝமፓኧՏ ᔞਢᓯӸᆶ ඔॊޑཷۺ ᐞࢪ୯ৎკ ਜᓔ аڂᙒҞޑ ᆶཀကឍॊ ᡯ ගٮҬඤ܄ ᔞਢޑዴ ᇡǴаٮҬ ඤ٬Ҕ Չࡹᆅᆶ ߥӸीฝޑ ຑǴόம ፓԵໆၗૻ س ኧՏڂᙒ୯ ৎࠠࣽמी ฝ ࡕၗሡ ीǴ࣬ ᜢൂՏޑπ բᡍǴ ࣁୖԵᆶׯ Եໆڂᙒࠔ ޑҬඤ܄Ǵ а୯ሞྗ ԄࣁҬ ඤϐҔ аπբᡍ ࣴᔕޑኧՏ ϯπբЋ нǴٮӚЬ ᚒୖԵ ୯ৎЎϯၗ ӝࠠڂᙒ ၗǴа Ծۓࡕၗ ឯՏٮӚ ൂՏ༤ቪ Եໆڂᙒࠔ ޑҬඤ܄ ԄǴࡌҥЎ ࡌӚЬᚒ ޑԄೕጄ ஒኧՏϯᔞ ਢᆶ Metadataග ٮԿЎࡌ ࡌҥӅӕޑ ၌ѳѠ ߄ 3ǺኧՏڂᙒӚЬाीฝ NISO চ߾Кၨ ኧՏڂᙒीฝ ᆶ NISO Ӆӕ܄ ᆶ NISO ৡ౦܄ ऍ୯୯კ ਜᓔ ڋۓࡕၗǴᆶኧՏᔞਢ URN Տ ଞ ჹ ڂ ᙒ ࠔ ޑ ኧՏ ᔞ ਢ ߥ Ӹ ᆶ уॶᔈҔޑቶ у৾εЎϯ ၗౢၗૻᆛ ڋۓᡏޑࡕၗԄ Ь ा а Γ ӵ Ֆᆶ ी ฝ ޑ ଛ ӝ ᆶೕჄ म୯ΓЎ᛬ ೌࣽᏢၗ ୍ܺ ڋۓᡏޑࡕၗ Ԅ ଛ ӝ ၗ ૻ س ޑԵໆ ኻࢪہ ፕᏝ аߏයߥӸᄬԋϡનޑԵໆ લ Ю ׳ ၁ ಒ ޑ ೕጄ Ҟ ᆶ ጄ ٯ ᇥܴ ᐞࢪ୯ৎკ ਜᓔ ԵໆᡏޑࡕၗԄ ᆶ ࡹ ۬ ࣬ ᜢ ࡹ ่ӝ ኧՏڂᙒ୯ ৎࠠࣽמी ฝ ڋۓӚЬᚒޑࡕၗ Ԅ а ࣬ ᜢ ൂ Տ ޑ πբᡍǴค܄ ޑӅ೯ԄǴаੌ Н ӑ ࣁ բ ߥៈ ୯ৎЎϯၗ аЎࡌޑೕጄԄ ࣁЬǴڋۓࡕၗ Ь ा Ҕ ܭ Ў ࡌЎϯၗǴᔈ Ҕ ୖ Ե ޑ Ԅ ࣁ ڰۓԄ 5 ኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำࢎᄬ ӚीฝჹܭኧՏڂᙒޑՉǴᑈཱུܭࡕ ၗ(Metadata)ޑࡌҥǴࡕၗЬाҺ୍ࢂගٮ ှᇥۓሦୱޑ࣬ᜢӜຒ[9]ǴхࡴѸୖԵ୯ሞ ྗԄ[6]ǴЬाගٮঁёᆢៈᆶ၌ޑޕ ᓯӸ[8]Ƕ ԶӚीฝεठૈᆶOAISࢎᄬᆶNISOѤε ኧՏڂᙒπբՉޑୖԵচ߾Ǵஒ NISO ೕጄޑ ڂᙒѤচ߾ᆶ OAIS Չᜢ߯уаӝೕჄǴஒ চҁޑ OAIS ୖԵኳԄࡌҥ࣬ᜢޑբೕጄǴӵკ 2܌ҢǴӧԜࢎᄬύǴӧڗளڂᙒࠔਔǴѸڋ ۓ࣬ᜢޑЎҹ(ӵǺЎނගҹচ߾ǵЎނගҹҙፎ) ᆶຑᡏޑीฝՉǴӧኧՏკЎࡌҥ(Ingest) ޑπբҞύǴѸԵቾਢೕჄޑচ߾Զڋۓ࣬ ᜢޑЎҹǴӧڂᙒࠔኧՏϯπբਔǴ٩ڋۓޑࡕ ၗᆶኧՏᔞਢচ߾ࣁჴᡏၗᆶඔॊ܄ၗ ޑᆅǹԶӧᔞਢߥӸ(Archive)ޑၸำύѸаЎ ނኧՏϡҹޑۓကচ߾ǴۓကኧՏᔞਢޑԄᆶڮ Ӝচ߾ǹԶԵቾӧၗᆅਔǴѸԵቾЬाޑ ࡕၗೕჄ(Metadata)চ߾Ǵаගٮၗᆅᆶ ߥӸޑёՉ܄ࢎᄬǹՉࡹᆅජӚޑπբҞޑ ڋۓаጕٰ߄ҢǴӚфૈҞࣣԖᐱҥޑᓯӸس Ǵ٠ЪЍජӚ࣬ᜢسޑӝǶ კ 2 ኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำࢎᄬ ٩ᏵኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำࢎᄬǴკ 3 ࢂςҔܭ റނᓔਜฝڂᙒࣁٯ܌ೕჄрޑኧՏڂᙒᡏπ բࢬำᆶբೕጄҞǴЇҔኧՏڂᙒӅ೯ޑࢎ ᄬǴזೲೕჄр܌ሡޑπբҞᆶጄൎǺ კ 3 ਜฝᜪڂᙒπբࢬำᆶբೕጄኳԄ ߥӸीฝ ኧՏკЎࡌҥ Չࡹᆅ ၌ ࡰз Collection Project NISOচ߾ ၗ ڗҔ ࡕၗᆅ ᔞਢߥӸ Object Metadata ኧ Տ ڂ ᙒ ٬ Ҕ ޣ
6
ፕᆶ่ፕ
ኧՏڂᙒࡌπբࢬำၸҁЎޑϩǴ࣬ ᜢೕጄޑǴଞჹπբࢬำ࣬ᜢޑୢᚒගрࡌ ᆶ่ፕǶ 6.1ኧՏڂᙒྗπբࢬำࡌҥ җܭڂᙒࠔᅿᜪᆶՉൂՏόӕǴЪǵ ΓΚǵಔᙃ่ᄬ࣬ᜢӢનࣣቹៜኧՏڂᙒπբ ޑՉǴჹܭቹႽࠔ፦ǵࡕၗϣޑाόᅰ ฅठǴ㡺҂ڋۓӅӕޑྗπբࢬำǴฅԶၗૻ ࣽמِೲޑᙯᡂǴڋۓྗޑπբࢬำۘሡ׳ӭޑ ᡍᆶ࣬ᜢࣽמޑวǴԶӵϞᔈ၀ӃԵໆۓက୷ ҁޑኧՏڂᙒೕጄǴόӕЬᚒޑ࣬ᜢπբࢬำ ܴዴޑೕጄᆶኳԄǴٮӚ࣬ᜢЬᚒૈזೲޑวǶ 6.2 ኧՏڂᙒӝ܄ޑೕჄБԄ ኧՏڂᙒޑࡌǴჹܭЎނᒪౢߥӸԖόё ᑃྐޑӦՏǴԶ໒ܫԄޑཷۺЬाၲسࡌࢎ ᄬޑӅӕୖԵǴᡣΕډኧՏڂᙒޑሦୱϐύǴૈ זೲޑඓඝޑኧՏڂᙒࡌޑख़ᗺǴࣁ҂ٰኧՏ ڂᙒၗૻسޑࡌࢎᄬǶ аOAISኳԄޑ໒ܫԄୖԵҞࣁЬǴஒࡕ ၗҬඤीǵᙯඤኳԄǵسኳࠠǵسीϡ ҹǴаठ܄ޑीБԄೕჄǴаၲډOAISኳԄ ޑख़ᙟ٬ҔीᆶୖԵǴᙖҗӅӕୖԵޑࡌኳԄ ࡌр಄ӝ୯ϣኧՏڂᙒޑၗૻسǶ 6.3 ଛӝ UML ೕჄπբࢬำ аUMLٰࣁՉኧՏڂᙒϐൂՏ ޑπբࢬำೕჄϩǴЬाଞჹኧՏڂᙒ ύࡕၗᆶӚ໘ΓπբࢬำኳԄǴа ຎϯޑኳࠠឍॊኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำǴය ఈࣁኧՏڂᙒπբՉޑϩኳԄǶ ᇞᖴ གᖴՉࡹଣ୯ࣽϷኧՏڂᙒ୯ৎࠠࣽמी ฝံշҁࣴز(ጓဦǺNSC 93-2422-H-034-001)Ǵ ᖴ ᖴ Getty Museum ޑ Sally Hubbard ᆶ AHDS ޑ Alastair Dunning ӃǴගٮ࣬ᜢीฝख़ाୖԵ ၗૻǶୖԵЎ
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[10]Mda, SPECTRUM: The UK Museum Documentation Standard,
At http://www.mda.org.uk/spectrum.htm [11]National Information Standards Organization
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[16]Цཥ҇ǴኧՏڂᙒמೌ༼ጓǴኧՏڂᙒ୯ৎ ࠠࣽמीฝǴ2002Ƕ [17]णइЎǵՖࡌܴǴኧՏڂᙒسᆶπڀ─ᇸࡌ ҥឦܭாޑڂᙒᆅس”ǴPNC 2000 ԃኧՏ ڂᙒϷTEIࣴǴ2000Ƕ [18]ഋ٥ჱǵഋల։ǵ؇ᅇᖃǵᗛᙦᖰǴࡕၗس ޑሡຑᒧᆶวीǴಃΒۛኧՏڂᙒמೌ ࣴǴѠчǺύѧࣴزଣၗૻࣽᏢࣴز܌Ǵ 2003Ƕ [19]ഋࡿࣔǴՕ௲კਜᓔᓔૻǴVol. 26, No. 2; 2001Ƕ [20]ഋഓǵዅǵᎄБǴኧՏڂᙒӧኧՏϣౢ ϐᔈҔуॶǴ2003 ԃኧՏϣബཀуॶࣴ ǴѠчǺ୯ҥѠεᏢǴ2003Ƕ [21]ጰཁǵ݅ࢅҴǴኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำೕჄ-а റނᓔࣁٯǴኧՏڂᙒπբࢬำᆶࠔ፦ᆅࣴ Ǵ2004Ƕ
