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2018澳洲AMC中學高級組參考解法

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高 級 卷

1-10 3 1.P QRS ∠XP Y 小 (A) 25 (B) 30 (C) 35 (D) 40 (E) 45 P Q R S X Y 25 25 P 90 ∠XP Y = 90◦− 50◦ = 40 : (D) 2. 250 km 8 (A) 15 km (B) 20 km (C) 30 km (D) 40 km (E) 80 km 8× 30 = 240 30 km : (C)

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3. 32 (A) 16 (B) 32 (C) 64 (D) 128 (E) 256 64 128 : (D) 4. (A) 1 2 (B) 2 3 (C) 3 4 (D) 3 5 (E) 4 5 2 3

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5. 9× 1.2345 − 9 × 0.1234 (A) 9.9999 (B) 9 (C) 9.0909 (D) 10.909 (E) 11.1111 9× 1.2345 − 9 × 0.1234 = 9 × (1.2345 − 0.1234) = 9 × 1.1111 = 9.9999 : (A) 6. 20− 18 (A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 (E) 10 20 = 1 18 = 1 20− 18 = 0 : (A) 7. 1000% 100 (A) 0.1 (B) 1 (C) 10 (D) 100 (E) 1000 1000% = 10× 100% 1000% 10 100 10 : (C)

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8. $60 (A) $140 (B) $200 (C) $245 (D) $350 (E) $420 4 $60 ÷ 3 = $20 1 1 $20÷ 4 = $5 7 7 $5× 7 × 7 = $245 : (C) 9. ABCM AB

(A) ∠CAM = ∠ACM (C) AC = 2 BC (B) ∠CMB = 2 ∠CAM (D) CM = BC (E) △AMC =△MBC A B C M C 5 5 中 AM = M B = 1 M C = 2 AB⊥ MC AC = BC =√5 (C) (D) AM ̸= CM △ACM ∠CAM ̸=

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10. 1 100 5050 101 200

(A) 15 050 (B) 50 500 (C) 51 500 (D) 150 500 (E) 505 000 1 + 2 +· · · + 100 101 + 102 +· · · + 200 100× 100 = 10000 101 + 102 +· · · + 200 = 5050 + 10000 = 15050

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11-20 4 11. 小 ( ) (A) 14 (B) 20 (C) 25 (D) 28 (E) 30 1 1 30 30 = 14 + 1 + 14 + 1 14 1 14 1 28 14 14 : (D) 2 10× 3 = 30 n 3n n− 1 2 3n− 2(n − 1) = n + 2 n + 2 = 30 28 : (D)

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12.C A B D E ∠BCD = 200◦ ∠DCA = x ∠BCA = 3x◦ ∠DAC : ∠BAC (A) 3 : 1 (B) 5 : 2 (C) 8 : 3 (D) 7 : 4 (E) 7 : 3 200 x◦ 3x◦ A B C D E x + 3x + 200 = 360 x = 40

△ACD∠ACD = 40 ∠DAC = ∠CDA 180 = 40 + 2∠DAC ∠DAC = 70◦

△ABC 中 ∠BAC = ∠ABC = 1

2(180◦− 120◦) = 30

∠DAC : ∠BAC = 70◦ : 30 = 7 : 3

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13. 4 330 小 4 330 (A) 220 (B) 990 (C) 144 (D) 374 (E) 176 x 4x− 330 = x 4 + 330 16x− 4 × 330 = x + 4 × 330 15x = 8× 330 x = 8× 330 ÷ 15 = 8 × 22 = 176 : (E)

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14. 1 m 中 m2 (A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 32 (E) 1 + 2 2 1 1 1 1 2/2 1 2/2 1 m 高 1 +2 m 1 2(1 + 2) m2 : (E)

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15. P W P W 6 P 7 W 8 P 4 W W (A) 11 (B) 13 (C) 16 (D) 20 (E) 25 1 2 P 3 W 6 P 7 W 6 P 9 W 16 W : (C) 2 p w C C = 6p + 7w 4C = 24p + 28w C = 8p + 4w 3C = 24p + 12w 4C− 3C = 24p + 28w − 24p − 12w C = 16w C 16 W : (C)

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16. P QR P T S P R P Q∠QT P = α ∠SRP = β tan α : tan β (A) 3 : 1 (B) 4 : 1 (C) 5 : 1 (D) 7 : 2 (E) 9 : 2 P Q R S α T β | | P Q R S α T β q q p p P S = SQ = p P T = T R = q tan α = 2p q and tan β = p 2q tan α : tan β = 2p q : p 2q = 4 : 1, : (B) 17. (A) 1 6 (B) 1 9 (C) 1 27 (D) 7 36 (E) 1 54 63 = 216 123 234 345 456 中 6 24 216 = 1 9 : (B)

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18. 2018 (A) 24 (B) 38 (C) 18 (D) 36 (E) 25 2018 = 218× 1018= 28× 210× 1018≈ 200 × 103× 1018 = 2× 1023 24 2018 24 218= 28× 210> 100× 1000 = 105 218= 29× 29 < 1000× 1000 = 106 1023< 2018 < 1024 2018 24 : (A) 2018 = 262 144 000 000 000 000 000 000

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19. 中 100 50 111 . . . 111 | {z } 100 222 . . . 222| {z } 50 (A) 375 (B) 420 (C) 429 (D) 450 (E) 475 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 8 8 8 9 = 3× 1 + 3 × 8 + 9 = 36 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 8 8 8 8 9 = 4× 1 + 4 × 8 + 9 = 45 49×1+0+49×8+9 = 450 : (D) 2 111 . . . 111 | {z } 100 222 . . . 222| {z } 50 = 111 . . . 111| {z } 100 111 . . . 111| {z } 50 111 . . . 111| {z } 50 = 111 . . . 111| {z } 50 000 . . . 000 | {z } 50 111 . . . 111| {z } 50 = 111 . . . 110| {z } 50 999 . . . 999 | {z } 50 111 . . . 110| {z } 50 = 111 . . . 110| {z } 50 888 . . . 889 | {z } 50 中 1 + 8 50× 9 = 450

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20. 中 小 5 1 (A) 30 (B) 40 (C) 45 (D) 50 (E) 60 1n n + 5 n (n− 2) × 180◦ 180(n− 2) n 180[(n + 5)− 2] n + 5 180(n− 2) n = 1 180 ( n + 3 n + 5 n− 2 n ) = 1 180 ( n(n + 3)− (n − 2)(n + 5) n(n + 5) ) = 1 180(n2+ 3n− n2− 3n + 10) = n2+ 5n n2+ 5n− 1800 = 0 (n− 40)(n + 45) = 0 n n = 40 n + 5 = 45 : (C) 2θ◦ (θ + 1)◦ 360 θ 360 θ + 1

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3n + 5 n 360 360 n 360 n + 5 = 1 5× 360 n(n + 5) = 1 n(n + 5) = 1800 n2+ 5n− 1800 = (n + 45)(n − 40) n n = 40 n + 5 = 45 : (C) 21-25 5 21. m n n =√100− m2 (m, n) (A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) 8 (E) 10 n = 100− m2 100− m2 ≥ 0 m2 ≤ 100 −10 ≤ m ≤ 10 100− m2 m2 = 02 12 · · · 102 (m, n) (±10, 0) (±8, 6) (±6, 8) (0, 10) (m, n) 7 : (C)

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22. 2 (A) 8 3 (B) 4 (C) 16 3 (D) 6 (E) 8− 2√2 4 2 高 2 4 3 8− 4 ×4 3 = 8 3 : (A)

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23. 5 ×12 中 (A) 60 (B) 8 (C) 65 (D) 68 (E) 9 122+ 52 =169 = 13 cm 12 13 5 O A B D C P r r r

△ADB 30 △AOB △DOA △BOD

12r 2 + 5r 2 + 13r 2 = 15r r = 2 2 8 2 2 1 2 O A B D C P

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24. √√ . . .√256 | {z } 60 = 2(8x) x (A) −17 (B) −19 (C) −21 (D) −23 (E) 16 √√ . . .√256 | {z } 60 = (· · · ((28)12) 1 2 · · · ) 1 2 | {z } 60 = 28·(1/2)60 = 22−57 = 2(23)−19 = 28−19 : (B)

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25. 3 4 5 中 (A) 18 7 (B) 54 25 (C) 8 3 (D) 27 17 (E) 96 41 4 3 5 1 C B A E D BDCE△ABC △CBD △DCE DE DC = AC AB = 4 5 △DCE △CBD (45)2 = 16 25 △DCE BDCE 16 41 ( 中 ) △ABC △ABC 1641 16 41× 6 = 96 41

(21)

2 x 6− x 6 3 5 (3 5 )2 × 6 = 5425 654 25 = 96 25 中 x 96 25 − x 中 6− x x = x 96 25 − x x2 = (6− x)(96 25 − x) 25x2 = (6− x)(96 − 25x) = 25x2− 246x + 576 x = 576 246 = 96 41 : (E) 3 ( · · · ) 中 3 4 5 r = 16 25 6 = a + ar + ar2+ ar3+· · · = a

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中 級 B 中 S = 6 r = 16 25 B = r 1 + rS = 16 25 41 25 × 6 = 96 41 : (E)

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26-30 000-999 26 6 27 7 28 8 29 9 30 10 26. A 9 2018 B A C B C A 9 9 B C 9 A 2018 B < 2018× 9 6 19999 C 6 1 + 4 × 9 = 37 C 9 18 27 36 C A B C 90000000 . . . 0000000 9 9 99999999999 | {z } 11 00 . . . 00 99 18 9999 . . . 9999 | {z } 111 00 . . . 00 999 27 9999 . . . 9999 | {z }00 . . . 00 9999 36

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27. ABCD 中 AB = 100 BC = 130 CD = 150 DA = 120 A D Q 4 中 AQ A B C D Q A B C D Q P E F G H R ABCD 120 2 × (100 + 150) = 15000 小 3750 中 E F G H R Q AD EG Q EG P EGAEP HAE = 50 AH = 60 HP = 125 2 = 62.5 AEP H 60 2 × (50 + 62.5) = 3375 △HP Q 3750− 3375 = 375 HR = h △HP Q 高 375 = 1 2 × 125 2 h =⇒ h = 12 AR = 60 + 12 = 72 RQ = 50 + 72 × 25 120 = 65 AQ = 652+ 722 =9409 = 97 : (097)

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28. 小 小 小 1 6×5×4×3×2×1 = 720 中 中 中 小 720× 1 2 × 1 2 × 1 2 = 90 : (090) 2 BL BR RL RR 4 中 (4 2 ) = 6 WL WR (6 2 ) = 15 小 6× 15 = 90 : (090)

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29. n≥ 3 n 1 中 n n = 7 60 n A O B C AO ABC ∠BAC = 360 n ∠ABC = ∠ACB = 1 2 ( 180◦− 360 n ) = 90◦− 180 n ∠AOC = 2∠ABC = 180◦ 360 n AOC = 180◦+ 360 n = (1 2 + 1 n ) × 360◦ 1 2 + 1 n 1 2 + 1 n n (1 2 + 1 n ) = n 2 + 1 = 60 n 2 = 59 n = 118 : (118)

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30. 1 2 · · · n2 n× n • 小 • 小 3× 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 6 7 9 1 2 3 4 5 20000 n× nn n× n 1 n− 1 1 n− 2 1

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2n− 11 1 2 2 2 n− 2 (n− 2) + 1 = n − 1 2 n− 1lcm(2n− 1, n − 1)2n − 1 n − 1 1 S = (2n− 1)(n − 1) 20000 S 2n2 2n2 ≈ 20000 n2 ≈ 10000 n ≈ 100 n = 100 S = 199× 99 < 20000 n = 101 S = 201× 100 = 20100 : (101)

參考文獻

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