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賜諾殺濃餌劑防治柑桔園東方果實蠅(雙翅目:果實蠅科)之效果評估

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(1)台灣農業研究(J. Taiwan Agric. Res.) 55(2):101~110(2006). 賜諾殺濃餌劑防治柑桔園東方果實蠅 (雙翅目:果實蠅科)之效果評估 1 何坤耀 2,4 洪士程 2 陳健忠 3 程永雄 2 摘. 要. 何坤耀、洪士程、陳健忠、程永雄。2006。賜諾殺濃餌劑防治柑桔園東方果實 蠅(雙翅目:果實蠅科)之效果評估。台灣農業研究 55:101-110。 東方果實蠅 [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] 素為柑桔之重要害蟲。在彰化溪 州柑桔園以 0.02%賜諾殺濃餌劑進行誘殺試驗,結果顯示加施賜諾殺餌劑處理 比單獨使用香蕉果實網袋包處理所誘之雌、雄蟲數顯著為少,前者雌、雄蟲數 分別誘得 0.5 及 0.3 隻,後者則為 3.6 及 1.6 隻。由果實網袋包所誘得之蟲數變 化可知試驗期間一直有少數東方果實蠅侵入,平均每週每包有 3.6 隻雌蟲。又 由渦旋式誘蠅器(內置甲基丁香油誘殺板)所誘得之雄蟲顯示,侵入園區之東 方果實蠅蟲源亦陸續被賜諾殺所誘殺。因本試驗自柑桔果實 6~7 分熟時值東方 果實蠅為害初期即開始進行誘殺,致使整體試區(含 CK)果實被害率僅 0.02~0.05%,效果非常優異,顯示少數侵入之雌蟲在未產卵為害之前已快速被 誘殺。另調查成熟之柑桔落果,平均蟲害率加病害率(東方果實蠅幼蟲直接為 害加產卵孔引發之病害)僅為 3.5%,較往年記錄之 30~50%被害率亦大幅降低。 關鍵詞:賜諾殺餌劑、柑桔、誘殺、東方果實蠅。. 前. 言. 東方果實蠅 [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] 多年來對台灣蔬果造成相當嚴重的為害,其中包括 柑桔、芒果、番石榴等 30 多種重要經濟果樹 (Liu & Hwang 2000;Ho 2003)。由於大量使用農藥所 引起的害蟲抗藥性及殘留毒問題引起社會普遍的關注,因此誘引劑之研究與應用已成為東方果實蠅 綜合管理之重要策略之一 (Chu et al. 1996;Ho et al. 2004)。 早在 1950 年代夏威夷即有噴佈蛋白質水解物毒餌能有效誘殺東方果實蠅之報導 (Steiner 1952;Gow 1954),近年在台灣亦大量使用甲基丁香油誘殺雄蟲及含毒蛋白質水解物、糖蜜、苯 甲酸乙酯等誘殺雌蟲之策略 (Chu et al. 1996;Liu & Hwang 2000;Chen et al. 2001)。然受限於滅 雄法必須進行區域性防治才能發揮效果,而蛋白質水解物添加之農藥會對果實蠅造成忌食作用, 且其有效誘殺範圍窄,持效性僅約一週之缺失,當蟲源多而不斷侵入時其防治效果不彰 (Vickers 1997)。. 1. 2. 3. 4.. 行政院農業委員會農業試驗所研究報告第 2256 號。接受日期:95 年 4 月 20 日。 本所嘉義分所植物保謢系副研究員、助理研究員及研究員兼分所長。臺灣 嘉義市。 本所應用動物組研究員。臺灣 臺中縣 霧峰鄉。 通訊作者,電子郵件:kunyawho@dns.caes.gov.tw;傳真機:(05)2773630。.

(2) 102. 台灣農業研究. 第 55 卷 第 2 期. 使用 0.02%賜諾殺濃餌劑可能因其成分中較無一般農藥會造成的忌食現象,而其糖、蛋白添加 物又能有效誘引雌蟲取食,在番石榴園施用結果對東方果實蠅有非常優異的誘殺效果 (Ho et al. 2005)。本試驗進一步在柑桔園中進行誘殺效果測試,並以 Ho (2003) 推薦的果實網袋包及渦旋式 誘蠅器兩種誘殺工具所得之果實蠅數作為評估依據。. 材料與方法 試區處理及誘殺蟲數調查 在彰化縣溪州鄉面積約 1 ha 的獨立柑桔園(帝王柑) ,選定分隔開的南方長條區共 180 株(3 行 × 60 株)進行誘殺試驗。以最前端的 18 株(3 行 × 6 株)作為無誘殺對照區,其次各以連接的 54 株(3 行 × 18 株)作為一處理,每區再分為三重複小區,依次為果實網袋包(32 目尼龍紗網內 約含 200 g 成熟香蕉果實,外罩 22 × 22 cm 黃色粘蟲紙) 、賜諾殺餌劑(GF-120,0.02% Spinosyn A&D 混合體,台灣道禮股份有限公司提供)及網袋包+賜諾殺等 3 種誘殺試區。其中果實網袋包處理乃 在中間行每間隔 2 株掛一包,每小區內共掛 6 包。而賜諾殺餌劑則先以水稀釋 8 倍,以手提式噴霧 器 (2 L) 在每一株上噴 4 大點,每大點約 5 mL。從 2005 年 9 月 28 日果實近成熟時開始,至 2006 年 1 月 11 日採收完為止,每週更新果實網袋包及噴佈賜諾殺餌劑一次,共進行 15 wks。另在各處 理區均懸掛渦旋式誘蠅器一只(內置不含毒甲基丁香油誘殺板),而北鄰剩餘約 120 株亦請果農自 行如此噴佈賜諾殺餌劑。試驗期間,每週調查記錄各果實網袋包粘紙上及渦旋式誘蠅器內誘殺之東 方果實蠅雌、雄蟲數。 外圍蟲源調查 為瞭解試驗期間之蟲源發生分布,自第 5 週後於柑桔園外圍(距離約 200 m)選定東、西、南、 北各一處小雜木林當作誘殺站,約於離地 1.5 m 高處懸掛碳酸銨(約 2 g 裝於開口式指形瓶內,以 鐵絲綁住穿附於 22 × 22 cm 之黃色粘蟲紙上)及香蕉果實網袋包(如前) ,兩者距離約 3 m,每週 調查其粘紙上所誘殺之雌、雄蟲數。 樹上果被害率調查 每週於前述柑桔試區(含無誘殺對照)三重複各隨機調查 100 個樹上柑桔果實,現場檢查果實 上面是否有被東方果實蠅產卵為害,若有則記錄其產卵孔數,以計算其被害率 (% = 被害果實數 ÷ 100 × 100),自開始誘殺前(第 0 週)調查至第 15 週。 落果罹病蟲率調查 自第 11 週開始,每週逢機選取試區內之 40 個地上柑桔落果,攜回試驗室內(避免再度被產卵 為害)放置 4 days 後,檢查果實是否先前有被東方果實蠅為害。若曾被產卵為害,則此時果實之 產卵孔內方必已有幼蟲孵化蛀食,稱之為蟲害果。若有產卵孔而引起病原菌感染導致腐爛或褐變之 果實,則稱為病害果,分別記錄蟲害果與病害果之個數。 統計分析 先將蟲數以. x + 0.1 轉換,被害率以 sin-1 轉角,再以鄧肯氏多變域分析法比較各處理平均值. 5% 顯著水準下之差異顯著性 (Ho et al. 2005)。.

(3) 賜諾殺防治東方果實蠅 103. 結. 果. 誘殺蟲數 香蕉果實網袋包加賜諾殺餌劑處理區與單獨使用果實網袋包誘殺之處理區中,各週在網袋包上 之誘殺蟲數整理如表 1。試驗結果顯示在試區內幾乎各週皆能誘得少數成蟲,其中果實網袋包加賜 諾殺餌劑處理區,平均誘得之雌蟲數約僅為單獨使用果實網袋包試區者之 7 分之 1 (0.5:3.6),雄 蟲數亦僅約為 5 分之 1 (0.3:1.6),兩者在統計上皆有顯著差異(P = 0.05)。 另由全部 4 試區內之渦旋式誘蠅器上所誘得蟲數(表 2) ,顯示甲基丁香油僅在第 1 週及第 6 週分別誘到 2 及 1 隻雌蟲,而在各區所誘得之雄蟲亦顯著地逐漸降低,在最後幾週所誘得之雄蟲數 已非常少。其平均誘得之雄蟲數顯示,連在區域內之無誘殺處理區亦多未有顯著差異。 外圍蟲源 從果園外東、西、南、北四個方位之誘殺站果實網袋包上所誘得之蟲數(表 3),顯示在第 6 週開始時誘得最多,第 7 週其次,合計兩週誘得 22 隻雌蟲及 49 隻雄蟲,約佔全期 10 週誘得總量 之 96%,其中以在西方誘得之雄蟲數明顯較多。與碳酸銨誘殺組粘紙上所誘得之雌、雄數比較, 以果實網袋包之誘殺效果較佳,前後者之平均雌蟲總數分別為 0.6 及 2.3。 被害果率 每週於各處理區調查柑桔樹上 100 個近成熟果實之被害果率,整理如表 4。顯示處理前果實被 害率為 0~0.3%,而處理後除在第 3、4、10 週之賜諾殺誘餌加網袋包處理、賜諾殺誘餌處理及對照 區分別出現 0.3、0.7 及 0.3 之被害果率外其餘均無果實被害,各區全期 15 週之平均被害果率僅為 0~0.05%。各處理間皆未有顯著差異 (P = 0.05),且在此等少數之被害果上亦都發現只有 1 個產卵 孔,被害度極低。 落果病蟲害率 在最後 5 週(12 月 7 日~1 月 11 日)所調查之落果被害率(表 5)發現,整體試區之病蟲害果 率皆甚低,平均由雌蟲產卵孔所造成之蟲害果(都發現僅有 1 處產卵孔)加上因由產卵孔感染而腐 爛褐變之病害果僅為 3.5%,其中以病害果占 85.7% (3.0 / 3.5),顯著較多 (P = 0.05)。. 討. 論. 本試驗柑桔園相當獨立,四周多為蔬菜園,在附近並未發現有其他東方果實蠅之寄主果樹。於 試驗期間試區內仍能持續誘到雌、雄成蟲(表 1) ,顯示在此季節雖然田間之東方果實蠅族群已不 高 (Huang 1997),但還是陸續有外來懷卵的蟲源侵入柑桔園內。從賜諾殺餌劑加果實網袋包及單 獨使用果實網袋包兩試區所誘殺之雌、雄蟲比例來看,增加賜諾殺餌劑後之誘殺效果確實非常顯 著,蟲數降低 5~7 倍。 又由表 2 渦旋式誘蠅器所誘得之雄蟲數亦能顯示,施用賜諾殺餌劑後蟲數顯著降低,連相鄰的 無誘殺小區之蟲數亦逐漸被誘掉。另賜諾殺單獨誘殺區位於較中間地帶,所誘得之雄蟲略少,可能 係因北鄰之賜諾殺整體誘殺區誘殺後能到達中間之蟲源已相對減少。.

(4) 104. 台灣農業研究. 第 55 卷 第 2 期. 表 1. 在柑桔園以果實網袋包或網袋包加賜諾殺餌劑誘殺東方果實蠅之效果評估 Table 1. Evaluation of the attracting effectiveness of the Oriental fruit fly with the use of fruit net-bag alone or with Spinosad bait in a citrus orchard Time of investigation z Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Week 15 Average y z y. No. flies captured (Mean±SD, n=6) Sex. Spinosad bait + Fruit net-bag. Fruit net-bag only. ♀. 0.2 ± 0.4. 0.5 ± 0.5. ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂. 1.5 ± 2.3 1.7 ± 1.9 0.3 ± 0.5 1.0 ± 1.5 0.5 ± 0.5 0.3 ± 0.5 0.0 ± 0.0 0.7 ± 1.2 0.2 ± 0.4 0.7 ± 0.8 1.0 ± 0.6 1.8 ± 0.8 0.8 ± 1.0 0.0 ± 0.0 0.2 ± 0.4 0.2 ± 0.4 0.3 ± 0.5 0.3 ± 0.8 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 0.2 ± 0.4 0.2 ± 0.4 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 0.8 ± 0.8 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 0.5b 0.3B. 0.8 ± 1.2 5.0 ± 2.3 1.7 ± 1.4 5.3 ± 2.3 2.2 ± 1.6 4.8 ± 1.5 1.5 ± 1.2 5.5 ± 4.4 2.0 ± 2.3 8.2 ± 3.1 3.7 ± 1.0 6.2 ± 2.9 4.2 ± 1.5 3.5 ± 3.9 2.2 ± 1.7 1.8 ± 1.2 0.8 ± 1.2 2.3 ± 2.1 1.8 ± 2.1 1.3 ± 1.4 1.0 ± 1.3 1.3 ± 2.8 0.2 ± 0.4 0.0 ± 0.0 0.0 ± 0.0 6.0 ± 4.0 2.2 ± 1.7 1.8 ± 1.6 0.3 ± 0.5 3.6a 1.6A. Oct. 2005-Jan. 2006. Means in a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT..

(5) 賜諾殺防治東方果實蠅 105. 表 2. 以渦旋式誘蠅器評估誘殺效果 Table 2. Evaluation of the attracting effectiveness by using Victor fly trap Time of investigation z Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Week 15 Average y z y. No. flies collected in each plot Sex. Spinosad + Net-bag. ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂. 0 221 0 43 0 9 0 17 0 16 1 69 0 18 0 1 0 7 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0.1a 27.3A. Spinosad 0 107 0 23 0 9 0 17 0 7 0 41 0 18 0 1 0 16 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0a 16.1B. Net-bag. Without bait (CK). 0 197 0 44 0 29 0 28 0 19 0 36 0 41 0 5 0 18 0 5 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0a 28.7A. Oct. 2005-Jan. 2006. Means in a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.. 2 142 0 54 0 10 0 14 0 19 0 62 0 29 0 5 0 3 0 4 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 6 0.1a 23.4A.

(6) 106. 台灣農業研究. 第 55 卷 第 2 期. 表 3. 柑桔誘殺區外圍東方果實蠅蟲源發生調查 Table 3. The Oriental fruit flies captured in the surrounding areas of the experimental citrus orchard Time of investigation z Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Week 15 Average y z y. No. flies captured by ammonia carbonate + yellow sticky board Sex ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂ ♀ ♂. East 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 ab 0B. West 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0b 0.1 B. South 2 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 a 0.1 B. North 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0b 0.1B. No. flies captured by fruit net-bag East. West. 6 10 1 26 0 2 1 16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.6 a 1.2 a 0.2 B 4.2 A. South 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 a 0.2 B. North 1 4 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3 a 0.5 B. Nov. 2005-Jan. 2006. Means in a row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.. 從試區外圍(因距 200 m 不會影響試區誘殺)果實網袋包誘得之蟲數(表 3)與同時期柑桔園 內果實網袋包試區的誘殺量(表 1)比較,顯示在本試驗之中、後期東方果實蠅已較少遷移至果園 附近之棲息處,在外圍棲息的少數蟲源被誘殺後蟲源數更低。果園中因為有大量成熟之果實存在, 果實散發出之氣味應可將外圍之零星蟲源誘入園中 (Jang 1997)。在西方外圍果實網袋包上所誘捕 之蟲數最多,可能因該處之雜木較為茂密,而成為東方果實蠅較喜愛的棲息環境 (Huang 1997)。 另在碳酸銨誘殺組所產生之氨氣雖亦能誘到少數雌、雄蟲 (Bateman & Morton 1981),但效果僅約 為果實網袋包誘殺組的 4 分之 1,故果實網袋包應比碳酸銨更為有效評估雌蟲誘殺效果之工具,此 與 Ho (2003)所獲之結果相符合。.

(7) 賜諾殺防治東方果實蠅 107. 表 4. 柑桔各試區被害果率 Table 4. The percentage of damaged citrus fruit in different treatments Fruit damage (%). Time of investigation. z. Spinosad+Net-bag. Spinosad. Net-bag. Without bait (CK). Week 0. 0. 0. 0.3. 0. Week 1. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 2. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 3. 0.3. 0. 0. 0. Week 4. 0. 0.7. 0. 0. Week 5. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 6. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 7. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 8. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 9. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 10. 0. 0. 0. 0.3. Week 11. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 12. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 13. 0. 0. 0. 0. Week 14. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.02 a. 0.05 a. 0a. 0.02 a. Week 15 Average(wk1-15) z y. y. Sept. 2005-Jan. 2006. Means in the row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT.. 表 5. 試區內柑桔成熟落果被害果率 Table 5. The percentage of damage of the dropped ripe citrus fruit in tested area Fruit damage (%). Time of investigation. z. Damaged by fly. Infested by disease. Week 11. 0. 5.0. Week 12. 0. 2.5. Week 13. 2.5. 5.0. Week 14. 0. 0. Week 15. 0. 2.5. 0.5 b. 3.0 a. Average z y. y. Dec. 2005-Jan. 2006. Means in the row followed by the same letter are not significantly different at 5% level by DMRT..

(8) 108. 台灣農業研究. 第 55 卷 第 2 期. 在果農之常年經驗中,防治良好的柑桔園至少還是會有 2~3%之果實被害率。一般情況下施藥 防治,被害率應會維持在 5~20%之間。若是防治管理不善,則被害率可能高達 50~80%。在常年有 東方果實蠅發生的溪州地區(根據農試所發布之旬報) ,絶不可能會出現如表 4 這般的 0~0.05%之 極低被害率。本試驗乃在低蟲源密度期間,復經採用全園全期密集式(每株有 4 點)的誘殺法,在 少數入侵的雌蟲或園中產生的雌蟲尚未產卵之前,即已被快速誘殺,而不致造成為害。利用此法在 斗六之番石榴園,亦曾有效的誘殺東方果實蠅 (Ho et al. 2005)。 由整體試區內落果之被害率低於 5%(表 5)亦能間接顯示賜諾殺餌劑對東方果實蠅具有良好 之誘殺效果。一般成熟掉落之果實累計之蟲害率本就比樹上果之蟲害率為高,而由產卵孔所造成傷 口感染之病害果比率亦會更高。根據園主經驗談,概略估計前一年的樹上果病蟲害率(蟲害果加病 害果)即高達 30~50%,落果之病蟲害率則更高。由本試驗可見,施用賜諾殺防治後確實可大大的 降低柑桔遭受東方果實蠅為害。 試以果實網袋包平均每週每粘紙可捕獲 3.6 雌蟲(誘殺範圍為 9 株)估計,在全試區 1 ha(約 300 株柑桔)每週可誘殺 120 隻雌蟲,亦即全期 15 週總共可誘殺掉 1800 隻雌蟲。依 Ho et al. (2003) 估算,平均每雌可產 200~400 卵,為害 10~20 果以上(每果有 2~19 個產卵孔,每孔大多會有卵 數粒至 10 多粒) ,如此 1 ha 全期減少被害之果實將可能達參萬個以上。每果若以 4~5 元計,最少 將可避免損失十多萬元。就防治成本而言,全期施用 15 次,每次每公頃 1 L 餌劑,共約需餌劑一 萬元,因其施用非常簡便快速,故可於果園管理時順便施行而不計算工資,如此本益比將達 10 多倍。若是改用一般農藥,亦以至少需施用 15 次估算,每次 1 ha 必需(含工資)一千多元,全 期必超過兩萬元。然而據統計一般農藥防治僅能獲得 4~5 倍之本益比(亦即只可能減少十萬元內 之損失),且又會有殘留毒等其他副作用。此餌劑內之 Spinosyn 屬於低殘毒之安全藥劑,且施用 於葉片上,使用在連續採收如柑桔之作物上,應可降低果實上農藥殘毒之風險。 另外,東方果實蠅可能會作長距離或短距離性的遷移 (Iwahashi 1984),而當大量外來蟲源侵 入時有可能會影響餌劑的誘殺效果 (Vickers 1997)。因本試驗在進行時正處於族群密度較低之季 節,由外圍侵入之蟲源並不多,且柑桔園又甚為獨立的情況下,使用此餌劑稀釋至 8 倍,每週施一 次(每株噴 4 大點,每大點約 5 mL)即可獲得良好防治效果。. 引用文獻 (Literature cited) Bateman, M. A. and T. C. Morton. 1981. The importance of ammonia in proteinaceous attractants for fruit flies (Family: Tephritidae). Aust. J. Agric. Res. 32: 888-903. Chen, C. C., Y. J. Dong, and L. L. Cheng. 2001. Evaluation of trapping effectiveness of the improved McPhail trap for Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Formosan Entomol. 21: 65-75. (in Chinese with English abstract) Chu, Y. I., J. L. Li, C. H. Tung, S. H. Lin, and S. P. Chen. 1996. Attractive efficacy of three attractants for the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Plant Prot. Bull. 38: 59-65. (in Chinese with English abstract) Gow, P. L. 1954. Proteinaceous bait for Oriental fruit fly. J. Econ. Entomol. 47: 153-160..

(9) 賜諾殺防治東方果實蠅 109. Ho, K. Y. 2003. Evaluation of two new traps for the population management of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Ph. D. Dissertation. National Taiwan University. 79 pp. (in Chinese with English abstract) Ho, K. Y., S. C. Hung, and C. C. Chen. 2005. Effectiveness of Spinosad bait in the control of Oriental fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) in guava orchard. J. Taiwan Agric. Res. 54: 162-168. (in Chinese with English abstract) Ho, K. Y., S. C. Hung, H. J. Lee, T. C. Hsu, and Y. I. Chu. 2004. Attracting effectiveness of fruit net-bags and Victor fly traps for the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), at a Touliu guava orchard. Formosan Entomol. 24: 65-72. (in Chinese with English abstract) Huang, S. H. 1997. Factors affecting the methyl eugenol trapping of the Oriental fruit fly [Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)] in a guava orchard at Touliu. Master thesis, National Taiwan University. 117 pp. (in Chinese with English abstract) Iwahashi, O. 1984. The control project of the Oriental fruit fly in Okinawa. Chinese J. Entomol. 4: 107-120. (in Chinese with English abstract) Jang, E. B. 1997. Development of attractants for female fruit flies in Hawaii. p.115-116. in: Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific (Allwood, A. J. and R. A. I. Drew, eds.) ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) Proceedings No.76. Nadi, Fiji. Liu, Y. C. and R. H. Hwang. 2000. The attractiveness of improved molasses attractant to Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel. Plant Prot. Bull. 42: 223-233. (in Chinese with English abstract) Steiner, L. F. 1952. Fruit fly control in Hawaii with poison-bait sprays containing protein hydrolysates. J. Econ. Entomol. 45: 838-843. Vickers, R. A. 1997. Progress in developing an alternative to protein hydrolysate bait sprays. p.117-120. in: Management of Fruit Flies in the Pacific (Allwood, A. J. and R. A. I. Drew, eds.) ACIAR (Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) Proceedings No.76. Nadi, Fiji..

(10) 110. 台灣農業研究. 第 55 卷 第 2 期. Effectiveness of Spinosad Bait in the Control of the OrientalFruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Citrus Orchard1 Kun-Yaw Ho2,4, Shi-Cheng Hung2 , Chien-Chung Chen3 and Yung-Hsiung Cheng2. Abstract Ho, K. Y., S. C. Hung, C. C. Chen, and Y. H. Cheng. 2006. Effectiveness of Spinosad bait in the control of the Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), (Diptera: Tephritidae) in citrus orchard. J. Taiwan Agric. Res. 55:101-110. The Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), is the major insect pest of citrus crops. This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Spinosad bait for the control of the Oriental fruit fly. The number of flies captured by the yellow sticky trap with netted banana from the 0.02% Spinosad-treated plots was 0.5 / 0.3 (♀ / ♂) which was significantly lower than that of the control plots of 3.6 / 1.6 (♀ / ♂). Based on the fluctuation of the number of flies captured, it indicated that there were a few flies continually invading the orchard, averaging 3.6 females per week. Using the number of male flies captured by methyl eugenol traps as a reference, it further indicated that the invading flies were effectively attracted and gradually killed by Spinosad baits. This study showed that application of Spinosad baits at the early fruit ripening stage could kill the female flies before eggs were deposited, thereby, reduced the fruit damage rates as low as 0.02~0.05%. In addition, results from the investigation of the dropped fruits showed that the total damage rate from the fruit fly infestations was only 3.5% (including fruits damaged by diseases resulting from fruit fly ovipositions) which was much lower than the damage rates of 30~50% recorded in the past years.. Key words: Spinosad bait, Citrus, Attractant, Bactrocera dorsalis.. 1. Contribution No.2256 from Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agriculture. Accepted: April 20, 2006. 2. Respectively, Associate Entomologist, Assistant Entomologist of Plant Protection Department, and Director, Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station, ARI, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC. 3. Senior Entomologist, Applied Zoology Division, ARI, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC. 4. Corresponding author, e-mail: kunyawho@dns.caes.gov.tw ; Fax: (05)2773630..

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