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行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫成果報告

國內銀行業之風險行為研究

The Risk-Taking Behaviors in Taiwan Banking Industry

計畫編號:NSC 89-2415-H-002-009-SSS

執行期限:88 年 8 月 1 日至 89 年 7 月 31 日

主持人:鄭秀玲 執行機構及單位名稱:台大經濟系

一、中文摘要 本研究首先探討如何衡量銀行風險水 準。於實證分析時將風險變數納入計量模 型中,分析 1986-1994 年間我國各商業銀 行調整風險差異性後之營運成本結構及相 對經營效率。 關鍵詞:風險行為,台灣銀行業,調整風 險之效率水準 Abstract

How to measure the risk behaviors for the banks in Taiwan is discussed. The risk variable such as the ratio of non-performing loans to total loans or the ratio of risky assets to total assets is incorporated into a translog cost frontier function to analyze the risk-adjusted efficiency of the domestic banks in Taiwan during 1986-1994.

Keywords: risk-taking behavior, Taiwan

banking industry, risk-adjusted efficiency. 二、緣由與目的 1997 年之金融危機發生時,我國金融 體系雖然相對表現較佳,但國內公營銀行 官商勾結,民營銀行與其相關企業財團關 係糾葛不清,使得我國經濟仍潛藏金融危 機隨時會引爆的隱憂。我國銀行業之風險 行為為何,它又如何影響銀行營運的績效 和成本,是本研究計畫擬探討的主要課 題。 三、結果與討論    銀行其組織型態、主要業務功能、管 理策略及經營風格的不同,而產生營運風 險上差異。我們首先探討如何衡量銀行風 險水準,接著將風險變數納入計量模型 中,分析調整風險差異性後之我國銀行業 之經營效率和營運成本。 銀行風險指標可分成事前(ex ante measure)和事後(ex post measure)指 標。前者如風險性資產佔總資產比例,逾 期放款損失等,後者如催收帳款比重和呆 帳比重等。我們收集國內各銀行於 1986-1994 年間之風險性資產佔總資產比重及催 收款和呆帳金額之和佔總放款比例二項作 為銀行的風險變數。 接 著 我 們 將 此 風 險 變 數 分 別 納 入 Translog 成本函數和要素份額式所形成的 成本函數系統方程式,以 FGLS 法來估計此 一系統,探討國內銀行風險與成本間的關 係。我們的實證結果發現多數銀行之風險 成本彈性值為正,顯示銀行風險增加會造 成營運成本的上升。而民營企銀之風險成 本彈性多低於商銀,所有銀行經調整風險 的規模經濟值均小於一。 此外,我們還將此二風險變數分別納 入 Translog 隨機邊界成本函數模型,估算 出各銀行每年調整風險後的相對成本效率 值。我們發現調整風險後銀行之相對成本 效率較未調整風險之效率水準來得低。而 在調整風險後,民營企銀之效率水準明顯 優於公營專業銀行。 四、計畫成果自評 本研究計畫之研究成果應可改寫成兩 篇論文,投稿學術期刊。比較美中不足的 是在執行計畫時,我們發現由於政府相關 金融統計機構之保守作法,未能將各銀行 放款給相關企業、放款給營建業、放款給 民意代表等與銀行風險行為密切相關的資

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訊公開。使吾人失去進一步深入研究我國 銀行風險行為的機會。期盼未來能向先進 國家看齊,讓更多相關資訊透明化,以保 障存款人,並有利吾人之實證研究。 五、參考文獻 一. 中文部份 1. 王小娥、鍾佩真 (1994)〈台鐵生產力 及總要素生產力變化之研究〉《運輸 計劃季刊》,23﹕2,125-154。 2. 何淑婉 (1995)《台灣地區本國銀行體 系多化產出的成本函數分析》, 東吳 經研所碩士文。 3. 林景春 (1996) 《資本適足性之規定對 台 灣 地 區 銀 行 風 險 影 響 之 實 証 研 究》,〈台灣銀行季刊〉, 47: 3,1-34。 4. 徐中琦、張鐵軍 (1993)《台灣地區本 國銀行規模經濟與範圍經濟之實証研 究》﹐〈台灣銀行季刊〉,44: 1,32-58。 5. 黃柏棠 (1993)《台灣地區銀行體系成 本、規模經濟及生產力之研究》,中 興經研所碩士論文。 6. 陳慧玲 (1990)《橫斷面與時間數列混 合資料之隨機邊界生產函數--台灣僑 外資電子電器之實證研究》,國立政 治大學國貿研究所碩士論文。 7. 劉錦龍 (1987)《台灣地區銀行體系成 本函數》, 中華經濟研究院。 8. 羅慧琪 (1993)《台灣地區本國銀行體 系的效率分析》,東吳大學經濟學研 究所碩士論文。 9. 鄭秀玲、陳欽奇、劉錦添 (1997) 〈台 灣中小企業銀行體系成本結構及生產 力分析〉《經濟論文叢刊》,25﹕1, 45-72。 10. 鄭秀玲、劉錦添、陳欽奇 (1997) 〈台 灣 中 小 企 業 銀 行 的 效 率 分 析 (1986- 1994年)〉《經濟論文》,25﹕1,69-95。 二、英文部份

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Tretheway and R. Windle (1985) "Network Effects and the Measurement of Returns to Scale and Density for U.S. Railroads﹐'' in A. F. Daughety ed. Analytical Studies in Transport Economics ﹐ Cambridge University : 97-120.

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行政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※

※ 國內銀行業之風險行為研究 ※

※ ※

※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※

計畫類別:þ個別型計畫  □整合型計畫

計畫編號:NSC89-2415-H-002-009-SSS

執行期間:88 年 8 月 1 日至 89 年 7 月 31 日

計畫主持人:鄭秀玲

計畫參與人員:陳嵐君

本成果報告包括以下應繳交之附件:

□赴國外出差或研習心得報告一份

□赴大陸地區出差或研習心得報告一份

□出席國際學術會議心得報告及發表之論文各一份

□國際合作研究計畫國外研究報告書一份

執行單位:台灣大學經濟系

中 華 民 國 89 年 11 月 1 日

參考文獻

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