臺北市國小高年級學童飲食行為及其相關因素之研究

(1)

臺北市國小高年級學童飲食行為

及其相關因素之研究

童鈺雯

*

陳政友

**

摘要

本研究旨在探討國小高年級學童之背景變項、身體意象與飲食行為的關係。以103學年度臺北市國小高年級學童為母群體，採分層集束抽樣法，利用自編結構式問卷蒐集資料，共得有效問卷1,076份，研究結果如下：一、本研究對象中過重及肥胖者占21.8%，重要他人支持以「父母及家人」為主，其經常提醒的是「多吃蔬菜水果」及「少喝含糖飲料」。研究對象的飲食行為屬中上程度，其中以「每天吃早餐」、「不會把零食當正餐」等表現較佳，而「會將油炸食物的外皮去除後再食用」、「會喝含糖飲料」、「會吃零食」等表現較差。二、研究對象的飲食行為女生優於男生、高社經家庭地位者優於低社經家庭地位者；重要他人對其飲食行為的支持程度愈高，飲食行為的表現就愈佳。另外，研究對象身體意象愈正向者，其飲食行為也愈好。三、研究對象之背景變項及身體意象可以有效預測飲食行為，並解釋其總變健康促進與衛生教育學報第 48 期，頁 63-93，2017 年 12 月

Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education No. 48, pp. 63-93, December 2017 * 臺北市中山區永安國民小學營養師 ** 國立臺灣師範大學健康促進與衛生教育學系教授（通訊作者）， E - m a i l : t09004@ntnu.edu.tw 通訊地址：臺北市和平東路一段162號，聯絡電話：02-77341709 投稿日期：105年8月23日；修改日期：105年8月30日；接受日期：106年11月19日 DOI: 10.3966/207010632017120048003 04-3-童鈺雯+陳政友_p063-094.indd 63 2018/5/14 上午 11:54:32

(2)

64

健康促進

與

衛生教育

學報　第 48 期異量的7.1%；其中「性別」、「家庭社經地位」、重要他人支持中的「同學及朋友的支持」及身體意象中的「身體各部位滿意度」為主要預測變項，且以「身體各部位滿意度」最具影響力。結果顯示，研究對象為女生、高家庭社經地位者、同學及朋友較支持者及對自己身體各部位滿意度較高者，有較好的飲食行為。關鍵詞：身體意象、飲食行為、國小高年級學生 04-3-童鈺雯+陳政友_p063-094.indd 64 2018/5/14 上午 11:54:32

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

(14)

(15)

(16)

(17)

(18)

(19)

(20)

(21)

(22)

(23)

童鈺雯、陳政友　臺北市國小高年級學童飲食行為及其相關因素之研究

₈₅

參考文獻

一、中文部分

文星蘭（2004）。高中職學生身體意象與減重意圖之研究（未出版之碩士論

文）。國立臺北護理學院，臺北市。

[Wen, H.-L. (2004). Body image and weight reduction intention of students in the

senior high and vocational schools (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taipei

University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.]

巫菲翎（2000）。臺北市國小肥胖兒童體重控制行為及家庭相關因素之探討（未

出版之碩士論文）。國立陽明大學，臺北市。

[Wu, F.-L. (2000). A study of obese pupil’s weight-control behavior and the family

related factors in Taipei (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Yang-Ming

University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

李淑靜（2003）。國小六年級學童零食飲料消費狀況以及與父母和學校態度相關

性之探討—以臺南縣市為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺中師範學院，臺中市。

[Lee, S.-C. (2003). An investigation into the consumption of leisure food and drinks

by the sixth-grade elementary school students and its correlation between the parental and authoritative attitude from the school: Taking Tainan City and County as examples (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taichung University

of Education, Taichung, Taiwan.]

李麗惠（2011）。國小高年級學生身體意象與飲食行為之相關因素研究—以臺

北市北投區國小為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。 [Lee, L.-H. (2011). A study of the relationship between body image and dieting

behaviors among the 5th to 6th Grade elementary school students at the Beitou district in Taipei (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal

(24)

86

健康促進

與

衛生教育

學報　第 48 期

李蘭、潘文涵、葉文婷（1999）。1993-1996年臺灣民眾之營養飲食知識及飲食

行為調查結果。載於行政院衛生署（主編），1993-1996國民營養健康狀況

變遷調查結果（修訂版）（頁131-144）。臺北市：編者。

[Li, L., Pan, W.-H., & Yeh, W.-T. (1999). 1993-1996 Nutrition diet knowledge and dietary behavior survey for Taiwanese people. In Ministry of Health and Welfare (Ed.), Nutrition and health survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 1993-1996 (Revised edition, pp. 131-144). Taipei, Taiwan: Editor.]

何英忠（2004）。苗栗縣國小高年級學生營養知識、態度、飲食行為及其相關因

素之調查研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺中師範學院，臺中市。

[Her, I.-J. (2004). A study on nutrition knowledge, attitudes, dietary behavior and

related factors of the fifth and sixth grade students of elementary schools in Miaoli County (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taichung University of Education,

Taichung, Taiwan.]

吳源美（2010）。桃園縣某國中學生飲食行為及其相關因素之研究（未出版之碩

士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

[Wu, Y.-M. (2010). A study on the influential factors and status of the dietary behaviors

of the junior high school students of one school in Taoyuan County (Unpublished

master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

林宜親（1998）。青少女體型意識與節制飲食行為之研究（未出版之碩士論

文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

[Lin, Y.-C. (1998). Study of the body image and dietary restraint in adolescence (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

林薇、周麗端、陳惠欣（2003）。青少年飲食營養知識、態度及行為調查（國民

健康局91年度科技研究發展計畫編號：BHP91-2-4）。臺北市：行政院衛生署。

[Lin, W., Zhou, L.-D., & Chen, H.-H. (2003). Nutrition knowledge, attitude and

behavior of teenagers (No. BHP91-2-4). Taipei, Taiwan: Ministry of Health and

(25)

₈₇

Welfare.]

祝年豐（2004，11月）。Prevalence of obesity in Taiwan。中華醫事學院「E世代 減重新趨勢」研討會，臺南市。

[Chu, N.-F. (2004, November). Prevalence of obesity in Taiwan. Paper presented Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology. Tainan, Taiwan.]

陳妍伶（2007）。彰化縣國中學生營養知識、態度、飲食行為之相關研究（未出

版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

[Chen, Y.-L. (2007). The nutrition knowledge, attitude and diet behavior of Changhua

County high school (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal

陳慧媛（2010）。桃園縣某國民中學學生飲食行為及其相關因素之研究（未出版

之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

[Chen, H.-Y. (2010). The research of certain junior high school students of Taoyuan

County on dietary behavior and related factors (Unpublished master’s thesis).

National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

許秀卿（2011）。青少年肥胖其相關行為探討。台灣家庭醫學雜誌，21（2），

2-11。

[Hsu, H.-C. (2011). Discussion on related behaviors of adolescent obesity. Taiwan

Journal of Family Medicine, 21(2), 2-11.]

許惠玉（2003）。臺北市兒童體位、飲食行為與家長營養知識、行為及飲食教養

之關係（未出版之碩士論文）。臺北醫學大學，臺北市。

[Sheu, H.-Y. (2003). Relationships between body weight and dietary behavior of

elementary school children in Taipei City and their parents’ nutrition knowledge, dietary behavior, and food-related parenting style (Unpublished master’s thesis).

Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

張伶妃（2005）。某藝術大學學生體型意識、體重控制信念、飲食態度、飲食自

我效能與飲食行為之關係探討（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

(26)

88

健康促進

與

衛生教育

學報　第 48 期

[Chang, L.-F. (2005). A study of university students of art what personal background,

body image, body weight control belief, attitude of diet, self-efficacy of diet and diet behavior is relevant (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal

張富琴（2001）。臺北市高中生危害健康行為之研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國

立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

[Chang, F.-C. (2001). Study on risk behaviors related to health among senior high

school students in Taipei (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal

張琪敏（2009）。臺北地區國小高年級飲食行為與營養狀況調查及其影響因素分

析（未出版之碩士論文）。國立陽明大學，臺北市。

[Chang, C.-M. (2009). Dietary behavior, nutritional status and their determinants

among the 5th and 6th Grade students in Taipei, Taiwan (Unpublished master’s

thesis). National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

曾美娟（2006）。國中生體型意識、身體活動及飲食行為相關之探討（未出版之

碩士論文）。國立臺北護理學院，臺北市。

[Tseng, M.-C. (2006). The study of body image, physical activity and dietary behavior

of middle school students and the relation between them (Unpublished master’s

thesis). National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan.]

黃淑貞、姚元青（1999）。大學生的健康信念、飲食相關自我效能與飲食行為研究。師大學報，44（1&2），43-53。

[Huang, S.-C., & Yao, Y.-C. (1999). Health beliefs, diet-related self-efﬁcacy, and diet behavior of the college students. Journal of National Taiwan Normal University,

44(1&2), 43-53.]

廖彬如（2010）。臺灣地區國小六年級學童體型意識、飲食行為及相關因素之研

究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

[Liao, P.-R. (2009). A study of the sixth grade students’ body image, dietary behavior

(27)

₈₉

and related factors in Taiwan (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan

Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

廖慧琳（2008）。國小高年級學童的身體意象及減重意圖對飲食控制行為之影響

（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣大學，臺北市。

[Liao, H.-L. (2008). The influence of body image and reduction weight intention to

dietary behaviors among the 5th and 6th Graders (Unpublished master’s thesis).

National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.]

衛生福利部（2010）。2001-2002臺灣國小學童營養狀況變遷調查。取自https:// www.fda.gov.tw/tc/siteList.aspx?sid=279

[Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2010). Investigation on the changes of nutritional

status of primary school children in Taiwan from 2001 to 2002. Retrieved from

https://www.fda.gov.tw/tc/siteList.aspx?sid=279]

衛生福利部（2013a）。兒童與青少年生長身體質量指數（BMI）建議值。取自

https://obesity.hpa.gov.tw/TC/BMIproposal.aspx

[Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2013a). The body mass index (BMI) recommended

for children and adolescents. Retrieved from https://obesity.hpa.gov.tw/TC/

BMIproposal.aspx]

衛生福利部（2013b）。國小學生近3成血糖過高‧近2成血脂異常。取自https://

www.kingnet.com.tw/knNew/news/single-article.html?newId=31775

[Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2013b). Nearly 30 percent of primary school students’

blood sugar is too high, and nearly 20 percent of them are abnormal. Retrieved

from https://www.kingnet.com.tw/knNew/news/single-article.html?newId=31775] 教育部體育司（2013）。6～18歲臺閩地區身體質量評等表。取自https://www.

ﬁtness.org.tw/model08.php

[Sports Administration, Ministry of Education. (2013). Table of physical quality of

6-18 years old in Taiwan and Fujian. Retrieved from https://www.ﬁtness.org.tw/

model08.php]

蔡杏汶（2007）。國中生身體意象與體重控制行為之研究—以高雄縣某完全中

(28)

90

健康促進

與

衛生教育

學報　第 48 期

學國中部為例（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

[Tsai, H.-W. (2007). The research of junior high school students on body image and

weight control behavior: Take a certain junior high school in Kaohsiung County as an example (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal University,

Taipei, Taiwan.]

簡介瑞（2002）。某國小學童對父母飲食教養方式的認知和同儕團體的認同與飲

食行為之相關研究（未出版之碩士論文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。 [Jian, J.-R. (2002). The research regards how the knowledge of diet education from

parents and peer groups affect the 5th and 6th Grade students’ eating behavior in a selected elementary (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal

羅雅玲（2003）。苗栗縣國中生健康行為及其相關因素之研究（未出版之碩士論

文）。國立臺灣師範大學，臺北市。

[Lau, Y.-L. (2003). Study on health behavior and its related of the junior high school

students in Miaoli County (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Taiwan Normal

藺寶珍（1997）。肥胖國中生的體重控制行為及其相關因素（未出版之碩士論

文）。高雄醫學院，高雄市。

[Lin, P.-C. (1997). Weight-control behaviors and related factors among obese

jenior high school students (Unpublished master’s thesis). Kaohsiung Medical

University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.]

二、英文部分

Forshe, R. A., & Story, M. L. (2003). Total beverage consumption and beverage choices among children and adolescents. International Journal of Food Sciences and

Nutrition, 54(4), 297-307.

Frank, G. C. (1997). Methodological issues regarding eating behavior of high-risk adolescents. Annals of the New York Acadency of Science, 817, 66-82.

(29)

₉₁

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.

McCabe, M. P., & Ricciardelli, L. A. (2001). Self-esteem and negative affect as moderators of sociocultural influences on body dissatisfaction, strategies to decrease weight, and strategies to increase muscles among adolescent boys and girls. Sex Roles, 44, 189-207.

Story, M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., & French, S. (2002). Individual and environmental influencrs on adolescent eating behaviors. Journal of the American Dietetic

Association, 102(suppl 3), 40-51.

Wardle, J. (1995). Parental inﬂuences on children’s diets. Proceedings of the Nutrition

Society, 54, 747-758.

Young, E. M., & Fors, S. W. (2001). Factors related to the eating habits of students in grades 9-12. JSCH Health, 71(10), 483-488.

(30)

92

健康促進

與

衛生教育

學報　第 48 期

A Study on the Relevant Factors and Status of

the Dietary Behavior among the Senior Students

of Elementary School in Taipei

Yu-Wen Tong

*

Cheng-Yu Chen

**

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the correlates of demography, body image, and dietary behavior among the the senior students of elementary school in Taipei. The study population consisted of 5th and 6th graders in Taipei that enrolled in 2014. The sample was generated by using stratified cluster random sampling method. The respondents were asked to complete a structured questionnaire. A total number of 1,076 valid questionnaires were collected. The results were as follows: 1. There were 21.8% of the respondents as being overweight and obesity. Especially, with the support of “parents and family members” as the main, which “eat more fruits and vegetables” and “drink less sugary drinks” were often reminded. The average score of the dietary behavior was slightly higher than the median which indicated the dietary behavior was more than moderate. Among all of the subjects, “eating breakfast every day,” “the snack is not for normal meal,” “three meals a day without missing one” were the better performance. On the other hand, “sugary drinks,” “snacking” and “cake, bread, donuts, croissant, etc.” were underperformance which should be improved. 2. The results indicated that girls had better dietary behavior than boys. And the students

* Nutritionist, Yong-An Elementary School Taipei City

** Professor, Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University (Corresponding author), Email: t09004@ntnu.edu.tw

(31)

₉₃

with higher social economic backgrounds had better dietary behavior than the students with lower social economic backgrounds. The objects performed better with more support from parents and peers on the dietary behaviors. Moreover, the higher satisfaction of body image, and the dietary behavior were better. 3. The result indicated that personal backgrounds and body image can predict the dietary behavior. It explained 7.1% of the total variance. The main predictors were “gender,” “social economic backgrounds,” “peer’s support” and the “body parts satisfaction” of the body image, and the last predictor was the most influential. The results suggested that the female, the one with higher social economic backgrounds and more peers’ support, and the one with higher satisfaction of his/her body parts, and the dietary behavior were better.

Key words: body image, dietary behavior, senior students of elementary school

臺北市國小高年級學童飲食行為及其相關因素之研究