大台中地區幼教老師面對少子化的工作壓力及其因應策略

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(1)୯ҥᆵύ௲‫ػ‬εᏢѴ‫ٽ‬௲‫ػ‬Ꮲ‫س‬ᅺγ੤ ᅺγፕЎ. ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻߋలඁ റγ. εѠύӦ୔Ѵ௲Դৣय़ჹϿηϯ! ‫ޑ‬πբᓸΚϷ‫ځ‬Ӣᔈ฼ౣ. ࣴ‫ز‬ғǺЦ‫ݒ‬໡ ኗ. ύ๮҇୯΋Ʉ΋ԃΎД.

(2) ᖴ! ᇞ! ಖ‫ډܭ‬Α೭΋‫څ‬ǴԖᐒ཮ග฽གᖴ೭Οԃٰ‫ޑ‬΋ϪǴ२Ӄགᖴ‫҆ޑך‬ ᒃǴࢂா๏‫ך‬Ⴝா΋ኬ୲ம‫ޑ‬ཀ‫ד‬Ǵࢂ೭ҽ୲ம‫ޑ‬ཀ‫ד‬Їሦ‫ך‬य़ჹғࢲύ ᅿᅿ‫ޑ‬ᓸΚǵ਋‫ש‬٠ֹԋᏢ཰Ǵᖴᖴா፥๏‫ך‬ғ‫ڮ‬Ǵᡣ‫ך‬ளаሦౣ೭Шࣚ ΢‫܌‬ԖऍӳϷόֹऍ‫ޑ‬΋ϪǶ! གᖴ‫ך‬ғ‫ڮ‬ύ҉ᇻ‫࣯ࡕޑ‬ᒃང‫ޑ‬ԴϦǴᖴᖴாᕴࢂӧ‫ݪך‬഼ਔ๏‫ך‬Ⴔ ᓰǴ྽‫ך‬শ२‫ܭ‬ፕЎਔஒ‫ঁٿ‬ᝊ‫ٗޑ៝ྣن‬ሶӳǴᖴᖴգǼԶ‫୲ך‬மǵё ངǵຠЈᕴࣁ‫ך‬஥ٰӳၮ਻‫ޑ‬ৱৱᝊ‫ن‬Ǵᖴᖴգᕴࢂ١ѯ‫ޑ‬ഉՔ༰༰΢ፐǴ ᖴᖴգӧ༰༰ፕЎቪόӳਔ֋ນ༰༰Ǻ Ȩᄌᄌቪ൩཮ቪֹΑǴႽ‫ך‬ግಞ᚛ဌ ፯ً‫ך‬ό཮ΨࢂӭግಞǶȩৱৱ੿ࢂ༰༰‫۩ޑ‬ၮࢃǼᒃང‫ޑ‬λᐛᐛᖴᖴգ ӧ༰༰‫غ‬η္١١᠋၉ၟ༰༰΋ଆ᠐ਜǴΨፎգচፊ༰༰ததࣁΑቪፕЎ ค‫៝ྣݤ‬գǴௗΠٰ‫ޑ‬ВηǴ༰༰཮у७ࣔெၟգ࣬ೀ‫ޑ‬ਔ໔"Ψᖴᖴ‫ޑך‬ Ϧஇӧ೭ࢤਔ໔๏ᆶ‫ך‬Ѝ࡭Ǵჹ‫ܭ‬႟໶‫ޑ‬ৎ୍வόा‫؃‬ǴགᖴாॺǼ! ! ! ೭Οԃ‫ޑ‬Ꮲಞόѝࢂӧ஑཰΢Ԗ‫܌‬ԋߏǴ‫׳‬ख़ा‫ࢂޑ‬໒ᗡΑຎഁǴ่ ᛽Α΋ဂӳუՔǴགᖴऍ‫ػ‬ᕴ๏ϒ‫ך‬Јᡫ΢‫ޑ‬ႴᓰаϷЍ࡭Ǵགᖴၗૻଯ Ћហ෩ᕴόჇ‫ڐޑྠځ‬շ‫ך‬ǵѕᓲ‫ך‬Ǵགᖴ੧੧ᕴࢂಒЈ‫ޑ‬इᒵ‫࣬ॺך‬ᆫ ‫؂ޑ‬΋‫څ‬ǴΨவό‫ੵב‬ངৱৱ‫ک‬ᐛᐛǴགᖴ‫ؖ‬㧌ӧᏢಞ΢όս๏ϒ‫ך‬ང‫ޑ‬ ගᒬǴԶёང‫࣑࣑ޑ‬ᕴӧ‫ך‬Ј௃եပਔග‫ٮ‬೚ӭઢ਑ǴаϷӕਔϲ਱༰༰.

(3) ‫ޑ‬ᓉ੦ǵߎেǴচҁό࣬᛽‫ॺךޑ‬Ǵӧ೭ΟԃόՠғрΑፕЎǴᗋғрΑ λᝊ‫ګن‬Ǽགᖴ੤΢‫܌‬Ԗ‫ޑ‬ӕᏢॺǴёа‫ک‬գॺ΋ଆϩ٦Ꮲಞǵπբᆶғ ࢲ‫ޑ‬ᗺᅀǴ੿ࢂ‫ז‬኷คК""! ! ! ੝ձाགᖴ‫!!۔ߏޑך‬ഋᛏ‫׼‬ਠߏჹ‫ܭ‬ӧᙍ຾অ‫ޑ‬Ѝ࡭ᆶޭ‫ۓ‬Ǵᡣ‫ך‬ ёаӄΚаॅֹԋᏢ཰ǴᗋԖ‫ך‬നལང‫ޑ‬མᏲ!!ў‫ڷ܍‬༜ߏǴགᖴգ‫ڐޑ‬ շаϷ࿎ߦǴਔਔගᒬ‫ך‬ǵόਔᗯᎦ‫ך‬Ǵᡣ‫ך‬ёаऔეე‫ޑ‬໩ճֹԋᏢ཰Ǵ ᖴᖴாॺ""! ! ! ‫ך‬ΞངΞ‫ޑ܂‬α‫ہ‬..ऍඁԴৣऩόࢂாӧፕЎीฝਔ๏ϒ‫ך‬ගᒬǴΨ ೚‫཮ך‬ᎁၶ‫׳‬ӭ‫֚ޑ‬ᜤǴᖴᖴாಒЈ‫ޑ‬ග‫ךٮ‬ӧፕЎ΢‫ࡌޑ‬᝼Ƕགᖴ‫܌ך‬ ལһ‫ޑ‬᜽ಹԴৣவཥԮᇻၰԶٰǴா‫ࡌޑ‬᝼ᡣ‫ך‬ԖӵⷷⷵឲഗǴ೚ӭ֚ᘋ ‫ޑך‬ᜤᗺ՟Я೿Ӣா‫ࡌޑ‬᝼Զှ،Α"૱Јགᖴா"!! ! ! നख़ा‫ࢂޑ‬ӧ೭Οԃਔத೏‫ך‬ផᘋǴ‫ي‬Јॿੲ‫ޑ‬లඁԴৣǴᒃང‫ޑ‬Դ ৣǴٌधாΑǴ೭ΟԃٰǴόፕࢂব΋ߐፐǴ೿ᡣ‫ך‬ԏᛘᅈᅈǴӧፐำύ ೸ၸӕᏢॺ‫ޑ‬ϕ࣬ᐟᕏǴԴৣ‫ޑ‬၄ୢǵӣᔈᡣ‫ך‬ख़ཥᔠຎԾρ‫ޑ‬πբǴග ᒬԾρ௲‫ޑػ‬ҁ፦ǴӧኗቪፕЎ೭‫ٿ‬ԃ‫ޑ‬ਔ໔္ᖴᖴԴৣ‫ٌޑ‬धࡰᏤǴத தࣁ‫ݒ‬໡ࡰᗺБӛǵঅ҅ᒱᇤǴᗋाᎁ‫ݒڙ‬໡ᇟѡό໩ǵ਱Ԅᒱᇤǵ௶ॊ όమ‫ޑ‬ᄛූǴ੿‫ٌޑ‬धாΑ"ᖴᖴாᒃང‫ޑ‬లඁԴৣǼ! ‫ݒ‬໡! ᙣᇞ! 212/18/34.

(4) εѠύӦ୔Ѵ௲Դৣय़ჹϿηϯ! ‫ޑ‬πբᓸΚϷ‫ځ‬Ӣᔈ฼ౣ! !. Ц‫ݒ‬໡! !. ᄔा! ! 㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐㍊䨞⸤㔁侩ⷓ⛐朊冐⮹⫸⊾㇨デ⍿䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃ẍ⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ˤ㛔䞼䨞㍉ ⓷⌟婧㞍炻Ỹẍ攳㓦⿏⓷柴䘬岒⿏↮㜸炻ẍ⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⸤㔁侩ⷓ䁢䞼䨞㧋㛔炻ᷣ天↮㜸 ⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⸤㔁侩ⷓ㇨デ⍿⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃䁢ỽẍ⍲ⶍἄ⡻≃䎦㱩ˣ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ἧ䓐柣䌯ˤ 䞼䨞䳸㝄↮徘⤪ᶳ烉 ᶨˣ⸤㔁侩ⷓ娵䁢⮹⫸⊾忈ㆸ⭞攟天㯪忶⣂ˣⷓ䓇㭼ἳ忶檀ˣ㓞㈀㗪攻⺞攟䫱⓷柴炻悥㚫≈㶙㔁ⷓ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃ˤ⮹⫸⊾㇨ⷞἮ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃ẍ⸤⃺⬱ℐ䵕嬟ˣ奒ⷓḺ≽冯㹅忂ˣ ⭞攟⮵⸤⃺忶⹎ᾅ嬟ˣ⸤⃺冒䎮傥≃ⶖˣ妋㰢⓷柴傥≃ᶵ嵛䁢ᷣˤ Ḵˣ⸤㔁侩ⷓデ⍿⇘䘬⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃⛐ᶵ⎴⚺㇨⿏岒ᶲ㚱㇨ⶖ䔘炻䥩䩳⚺㇨㔁ⷓ⛐ⶍ ἄ䨑⭂⿏ᶲデ⍿⇘庫⣏䘬⡻≃ˤ⛐❶悱ⶖ䔘㕡朊炻⍇⎘ᷕ䷋⸤㔁侩ⷓ⚈⮹⫸⊾⮵ⶍἄ䨑 ⭂デ⍿庫⣏⡻≃炻㔜橼⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃悱⣏㕤❶烊⍇⎘ᷕⶪ⸤㔁侩ⷓ⇯⚈⮹⫸⊾⛐奒ⷓ Ḻ≽冯㹅忂⍲⸤⃺⬠佺冯堐䎦ᶲデ⍿⇘庫⣏⡻≃ˤ ᶱˣ⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䁢ᷕ䫱ῷỶ炻ẍ奒ⷓ㹅忂冯Ḻ≽Ⰼ朊⡻≃デ⍿㚨⣏烊 ἧ䓐⚈ㅱ䫾䔍柣䌯䁢ᷕᶲˤ㚨ⷠἧ䓐䘬䫾䔍䁢冒ㆹ婧怑炻⺞⬽徫性㚨⮹ἧ䓐ˤ 斄挝⫿烉ⶍἄ⡻≃ˣ⮹⫸⊾ˣ⸤㔁侩ⷓˣ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ˣ❶悱ⶖ嶅. I.

(5) Work Pressures and Strategies to Cope With Them When Facing the Trend of Low Birth Rate by Pre-School Teachers in Big Taichung Areas Wang, Xin-Ya Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to make investigations on the work pressures felt by the Pre-school teachers when facing the trend of low birth rate and strategies to cope with them. The study is adopted with questionnaire survey, plus additional qualitative analysis on open-ended questions, with the Pre-school teachers in big Taichung areas as the research sampling, mainly to make analysis on what the work pressures are felt by the Pre-school teachers in big Taichung areas, as well as the current status of their work pressures, and frequencies on the application of strategies to cope with them. The research results are stated as the followings: 1.The Pre-school teachers believe that the trend of low birth rate leads to problems such as excessive requests by the parents, percentage rate of teachers vs. students being too high, and extension on the time of social and caring services, all of which will put more work pressures on the teachers.. For the work pressures brought by the trend of low birth rate,. they are concentrated on child safety maintenance, interactions and communications between the parents and the teachers, overprotected by the parents on their children, poor ability of self-caring by the child, and insufficient capability to solve problems. 2.There are differences on the characteristics for the work pressures felt by the Pre-school teachers when facing the trend of low birth rate in different types of kindergartens; for teachers who work in private kindergartens, they feel greater pressures towards work. II.

(6) stability. Whereas for differences between city and countryside, the Pre-school teachers who are originally from Taichung County feel greater pressures towards work stability due of the trend of low birth rate, on a whole, the work pressures from the trend of low birth rate are higher in countrysides than in the cities; as for the Pre-school teachers who are originally from Taichung City, they feel greater pressures towards both interactions and communications between the parents and the teachers, as well as child learning and performances. 3. The work pressures for the Pre-school teachers in big Taichung areas are average to a lower end, especially with the biggest pressures on the aspect of interactions and communications between the parents and the teachers; the frequency for applying strategies to cope with them is average to a higher end. The strategy applied in the most frequencies is with self-adjustment, while postponement and avoidance are the ones with the least applications. Key Words: work pressures, trend of low birth rate, pre-school teachers,coping strategies, difference between cities and countrysides. III.

(7) Ҟ!!ᒵ!. ᷕ㔯㐀天ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. I. 劙㔯㐀天ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 䚖抬ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. II IV VI. 堐䚖抬ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ ⚾䚖抬ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. VIII. ġ Ҟ!!ԛ! ! ಃ΋ക!!!ᆣፕƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ!!. 1. 䫔ᶨ䭨䞼䨞側㘗冯≽㨇ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 1. 䫔Ḵ䭨䞼䨞䚖䘬冯⼭䫼⓷柴ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 4. 䫔ᶱ䭨 ⎵娆慳佑ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 5. 䫔⚃䭨䞼䨞䭬⚵冯旸⇞ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 7. ಃΒക!!!Ў᝘௖૸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ!. 9. 䫔ᶨ䭨 ⮹⫸⊾䘬⭂佑冯ㆸ⚈ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 9. 䫔Ḵ䭨 ⮹⫸⊾⮵䣦㚫ˣ㔁做ˣ⸤㔁借⟜䘬⼙枧ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 16. 䫔ᶱ䭨 ⶍἄ⡻≃冯⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 28. ಃΟക!!!ࣴ‫ز‬Б‫ݤ‬ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 55. 䫔ᶨ䭨䞼䨞㳩䦳冯㝞㥳ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 55. 䫔Ḵ䭨䞼䨞⮵尉ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 58. 䫔ᶱ䭨䞼䨞ⶍ℟ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 62. 䫔⚃䭨屯㕁↮㜸冯嗽䎮ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 89. IV.

(8) ಃѤക! !!ࣴ ࣴ‫่݀ز‬ᆶ૸ፕƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 91. 䫔ᶨ䭨 ⸤㔁侩ⷓ㍷徘⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 91. 䫔Ḵ䭨. 朊⮵⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃冯⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䎦㱩ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 96. 䫔ᶱ䭨. 䞼䨞嬲枭冯⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃ᷳⶖ䔘↮㜸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 114. ಃϖക! !!่ ่ፕᆶࡌ᝼ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ!! 125 䫔ᶨ䭨䳸婾ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 125. 䫔Ḵ䭨. 129. ⺢嬘ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. ୖԵЎ᝘ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 133 ᷕ㔯ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 133. 劙㔯ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 145. ߕᒵƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 148 旬抬ᶨ 朊⮵⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍慷堐炷⇅䧧炸ġ ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 148. 旬抬Ḵ ⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃冯⚈ㅱ䫾䔍⓷⌟ᷳ⮰⭞シ夳ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 152. 旬抬ᶱ 朊⮵⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍慷堐炷枸娎⓷⌟炸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 159. 旬抬⚃ 朊⮵⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍慷堐炷㬋⺷⓷⌟炸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 163. ! ! !. !. V.

(9) ߄!Ҟ!ᒵ!. 堐 2-1-1. ⮹⫸⊾䘬⎬䧖⭂佑ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 10. 堐 2-1-2 ⎘䀋⮹⫸⊾ㆸ⚈ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 12 堐 2-2-1 ⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁做䘬⼙枧ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 18 堐 2-2-2 ⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁ⷓ侩ⷓⶍἄ䘬⼙枧ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 25 堐 2-3-1 ⡻≃䘬⭂佑ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 29 堐 2-3-2. ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 30. 堐 2-3-3 㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 34 堐 2-3-4 ⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃Ἦ㸸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 40 堐 2-3-5 ⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃ᾳṢ側㘗嬲枭䞼䨞䳸㝄ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 44 堐 2-3-6 㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃⚈ㅱ䫾䔍栆⇍ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 47 堐 2-3-7 堐 2-3-8. 侩ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䚠斄䞼䨞ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 50 ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍冯ⶍἄ⡻≃䚠斄䞼䨞ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 53 堐 3-2-1 枸娎⓷⌟⚆㓞ね㱩ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 58 堐 3-2-2 㬋⺷⓷⌟⚆㓞ね㱩ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 59 堐 3-2-3 㔁ⷓ側㘗嬲枭↮㜸堐ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 61 堐 3-3-1 枸娎⓷⌟ℏ⭡ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 63 堐 3-3-2 堐 3-3-3. ⓷⌟⮑㞍ᷳ⬠侭⮰⭞⎵╖ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ ⌟⮑㞍ᷳ㤕䓴Ṣ⢓⎵╖ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 64 65. 堐 3-3-4 堐 3-3-5 堐 3-3-6 堐 3-3-7. ⶍἄ⡻≃慷堐ᷳ枭䚖↮㜸㐀天堐ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍慷堐ᷳ枭䚖↮㜸㐀天堐ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 枸娎⓷⌟䷥慷堐ᾉ⹎↮㜸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 枸娎⓷⌟↮慷堐ᾉ⹎↮㜸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 67 70 72 73. 堐 3-3-8 枸娎⓷⌟ⶍἄ⡻≃慷堐ᷳ⚈䳈↮㜸㐀天堐ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 75 堐 3-3-9ġ 枸娎⓷⌟⚈ㅱ䫾䔍慷堐ᷳ⚈䳈↮㜸㐀天堐ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 77 堐 3-3-10 ⶍἄ⡻≃慷堐ᷳ㕘冲柴䚖⮵䄏堐ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 79 堐 3-3-11 ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍慷堐ᷳ㕘冲柴䚖⮵䄏堐ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 81 堐 3-3-12 㬋⺷⓷⌟䷥慷堐ᾉ⹎↮㜸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 82 堐 3-3-13 㬋⺷⓷⌟↮慷堐ᾉ⹎↮㜸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 83 堐 3-3-14 㬋⺷⓷⌟ⶍἄ⡻≃ᷳ⚈䳈↮㜸㐀天ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 85 堐 3-3-15 㬋⺷⓷⌟⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ᷳ⚈䳈↮㜸㐀天ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 87 堐 4-2-1 ⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ㫉㔠↮惵ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 97 堐 4-2-2 ⮹⫸⊾≈㶙䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 100. VI.

(10) 堐 4-2-3. ⮹⫸⊾⡻≃㌺⸷ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 102. 堐 4-2-4 堐 4-2-5. ⶍἄ⡻≃⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ㍷徘⿏↮㜸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䷥慷堐⍲↮慷堐ᷳ柴䚖↮㜸㐀天ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 堐 4-2-6. ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍⎬Ⰼ朊ᷳ㍷徘⿏↮㜸ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 104 107 109. 堐 4-2-7. ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䷥慷堐⍲↮慷堐ᷳ柴䚖↮㜸㐀天ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 112. 堐 4-3-1 堐 4-3-2. ⚺㇨⿏岒冯⮹⫸⊾㫉㔠↮惵ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ ⚺㇨⿏岒冯⮹⫸⊾忈ㆸᷳⶍἄ⡻≃ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 115. 堐 4-3-3 堐 4-3-4. ⚺㇨⛘溆冯⮹⫸⊾㫉㔠↮惵ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ ⚺㇨⛘溆冯⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. ! !. !. VII. 117 119 122.

(11) კ!Ҟ!ᒵ! ġ ⚾ 3-1-2. ⎘䀋㬟⸜↢䓇䌯ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. ⚾ 2-2-1. ℓ⋩ḅ⬠濜灏军ᶨ䘦⬠濜灏⎬⬠濜灏⸤䧂⚺⬠䓇Ṣ㔠ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 23. ⚾ 2-3-1. Ṇ䔞㕗炼⡻≃ˣ䓇䓊≃冯䕚᷷䘬斄Ὢ⚾ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 32. ⚾ 2-3-2. Kyriacou and Sutcliffe炷1978炸㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䎮婾㧉⺷ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 9. 37. ⚾ 2-3-3 Moracco and Mcfadden 䘬㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䎮婾㧉⺷ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ 38 ⚾ 2-3-4. Tellenback, Brenner and Lofgren炷1983炸䘬㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䎮婾㧉⺷ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 39. ⚾ 3-1-1. 䞼䨞㳩䦳⚾ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 56. ⚾ 3-1-2. 䞼䨞㝞㥳⚾ƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸƸ. 57. VIII.

(12) ಃ΋ക. ᆣፕ. 㚦⸦ỽ㗪炻⁛⬿㍍ẋᶵℵ㗗䎮㇨䔞䃞䘬ᶨẞḳ炻晐叿䓇做䌯旵Ỷ炻⬑⫸䓇⼿⮹ᾳᾳ 悥㗗⮞炻 ˬ䎦⛐䘬⬠䓇グἮグ暋ⷞḮ˭ ˣ ˬ⭞攟䘬天㯪グἮグ⣂Ḯ˭ 炻⎗ẍ婒㗗⸤㔁侩ⷓℙ ⎴䘬⽫倚ˤ㭷⸜⇘Ḯ㊃䓇㛇炻⯙傥倥⇘⸤㔁⇵廑Ᾱ姜婒叿忶⼨㊃䓇䘬廅䃴䴻槿ˤ⎬⸤䧂 ⚺㇨䁢㯪㊃䓇枮⇑䃉ᶵ剙㊃䘦↢炻䁢䫎⎰⭞攟暨㯪ˣ⡆≈⚺㇨䪞䇕≃炻侩ⷓ䘬ⶍἄ慷≈ 慵炻ⶍἄ⡻≃グἮグ⣏炻㳩≽䌯ḇグἮグ檀ˤ㛔䪈ℙ↮䁢⚃䭨妶婾炻䫔ᶨ䭨斉徘㛔䞼䨞䘬側㘗冯≽㨇烊䫔Ḵ䭨㔀徘䞼䨞䚖䘬冯⼭䫼⓷柴烊䫔ᶱ䭨䁢⎵娆慳佑烊䫔⚃䭨䁢䞼䨞䭬 ⚵冯旸⇞ˤ. ಃ΋࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬ङඳᆶ୏ᐒ. ⮹⫸⊾䘬䎦尉炻叿⮎堅㑲叿⸤㔁ⶍἄ侭䘬ⶍἄ㪲䙲ˤ㔁做悐䴙妰嗽炷2012炸䘬屯㕁栗䣢炻⽆ 2000 ⸜⇘ 2011 ⸜炻ℐ⚳℔䥩䩳⸤䧂⚺⬠䓇Ṣ㔠䓙 243090 Ṣ㷃⮹军 189796 Ṣˤ ⬠䓇Ṣ㔠㷃⮹炻℔ˣ䥩䩳⚺㇨⮯㚫⚈ˬ⮹⫸⊾˭冯㓧⹄屉≃ᶵ嵛ᷳ⓷柴侴朊冐㷃䎕ˣἝ 䎕䘬␥忳炷㕥⬷⼍炻2005炸炻䚠⮵䘬㔁ⷓ仢柵⍲ⶍἄ㨇㚫ḇ㚫㷃⮹ˤ 昌㬌ᷳ⢾炻㔁ⷓⶍἄℏ⭡炻ḇ⚈䁢⮹⫸⊾侴暨婧㔜ˤ䇞㭵忶⹎⮝ッ⬑⫸炻⭡㖻忈ㆸ ⬑⫸䣦㚫Ḻ≽ⶖˣ冒䎮傥≃ⶖˣᶵ䞍デ】炻♜慵⼙枧‍⹟䣦㚫忳ἄ炷啃㈧㲘炻2007炸炻 ⮹⫸⊾䎦尉ᶳㆸ攟䘬⸤⃺炻ṾᾹ暨天䘬ᶵℵ⎒㗗婚䦳炻㚜慵天䘬㗗佌⿏䘬⺢䩳ˣ⛀橼Ḻ ≽䘬傥≃梲ㆸˣ冒䎮傥≃䘬➡梲炻侴侩ⷓ⛐朊⮵忁㧋䘬ᶨ佌⸤⃺炻㇨暨剙屣䘬䱦≃㚜⊅ ẍ⼨炻忈ㆸ⸤㔁侩ⷓᾹ⛐ⶍἄ㗪䘬⡻≃ˤ䵄⎰ᶲ徘炻䞼䨞侭゛天Ḯ妋⮹⫸⊾䘬㗪ẋἮ冐炻 ⸤㔁侩ⷓ㇨朊冐䘬⮹⫸⊾⡻≃䁢ỽ炻侴㔁ⷓ⍰娚⤪ỽ⚈ㅱ炻㬌䁢≽㨇ᷳᶨˤ. 1.

(13) ⎎⢾炻䞼䨞侭⛐䡑⢓䎕㛇攻㚦䴻怠ᾖ⸤⃺⭞⹕冯䣦㚫婚䦳炻㬌婚䦳㍊妶䎦Ṳ䘬⭞⹕ 冯䣦㚫媠⣂䎦尉⮵⸤⃺⍲⸤⃺㔁做䘬⼙枧ˤ⚈婚䦳暨天炻䞼䨞侭忚埴⮹⫸⊾屯㕁䘬吸普炻 ḇ⮵⮹⫸⊾䎦尉㚱㚜忚ᶨ㬍䘬Ḯ妋炻⽆吸普忶䦳ᷕ䘤䎦炻⮹⫸⊾䘬䚠斄䞼䨞ẍ⚳⮷䘬䞼䨞㚨⣂炻冯⸤㔁䚠斄䘬䞼䨞⣏⣂㗗㍊妶䴻䆇䭉䎮Ⰼ朊䘬㓡嬲炷ᶩ㚰㡐炻2010烊唕䳈䑘炻 2009烊嫅⨻䍓炻2009烊湫䥨䪗炻2009烊昛努㜦炻2008烊娡渿䍚炻2007烊嵁㚰厗炻2006烊湫ㄞ寸炻2006炸炻⯂䃉ẍ⸤㔁侩ⷓ䘬奺⹎忚埴䞼䨞ˤ⸤⃺⚺㔁ⷓ䘬ⶍἄ屈㑼㗗ⶍἄ⡻≃ 㚨⣏Ἦ㸸炻侴ⶍἄ⡻≃冯借㤕῎⿈㚱㤝⣏䘬㬋䚠斄炷⻝㵹屆炻2007炸炻忁栗䣢↢ⶍἄ屈㑼⡆≈⼰⎗傥㚫≈⣏ⶍἄ⡻≃炻忚侴㍸檀借㤕῎⿈ˤ⚈㬌炻㚱⽭天㍊妶⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤㔁侩 ⷓ忈ㆸ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃炻㬌䁢㛔䞼䨞䘬≽㨇ᷳḴˤ 䞼䨞䘤䎦⸤䧂⚺㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃冯℞⚈ㅱ䫾䔍㚱栗叿屈䚠斄炻ḇ⯙㗗婒炻グ⮹ἧ䓐⚈ ㅱ䫾䔍䘬㔁ⷓ炻℞㇨奢䞍䘬⡻≃グ⣏炻⍵奨グⷠἧ䓐⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䘬㔁ⷓ炻℞㇨奢䞍䘬⡻≃ 庫⮷炷㫸ㄏ㓷ˣ㚦䌱剔炻2009烊哉䌱吋炻2006烊湫㵹⩮炻2004炸 ˤMearns and Cain炷2003炸憅⮵⚳⮷冯⚳ᷕ㔁ⷓ忚埴䞼䨞炻䘤䎦庫⤥䘬屈⎹⽫ね婧䭨傥≃傥枸㷔㚜⣂䘬⚈ㅱ埴≽冯庫Ỷ䘬ⶍἄ῎⿈デˤ䵄⎰ᶲ徘炻㚱㓰䘬⚈ㅱ䫾䔍㚱≑㕤㔁ⷓ⊅ảⶍἄˤ⚈㬌炻㍊妶⸤㔁侩ⷓ䘬朊⮵⮹⫸⊾䘬⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䁢㛔䞼䨞≽㨇ᷳᶱˤ ⎎ᶨ㕡朊炻⚈䁢⮹⫸⊾䘬⼙枧炻忈ㆸ悱捖䘬Ṣ⎋䳸㥳⣙堉炻⁷㗗⎘⊿䷋䘬⸛㹒ˣ⸛ 㜿ˣ暁㹒䫱悱炻⣏㕤 65 㬚䘬侩ṢṢ⎋ỼṢ⎋㔠䘬ℑㆸẍᶲ炷䌳泣⚳炻2011炸ˤ⚈㬌⛐ ῷ怈⛘⋨⼨⼨㰺㚱⣏✳⸤䧂⚺栀シ㈽屯炻⼨⼨悥⎒㚱℔䩳⚺㇨㊩临㄀㽡䴻䆇炻ᶼ℔䩳㔁 ⷓ晐㗪㚱㷃䎕䘬䔹ㄖ炻ḇ⚈㬌℔䩳⸤䧂⚺侩ⷓ⛐ῷ怈⛘⋨㚵⊁䘬婧≽㨇䌯朆ⷠ檀ˤℵ侭炻 ⎘䀋⸤⃺㔁做⍇㛔⯙⬀⛐庫檀䘬❶悱ⶖ嶅刚⼑炻悥㚫⛘⋨䘬⭞攟庫傥㍍⍿ᷣ柴攳㓦婚䦳炻侴❶悱⛘⋨ṵẍ⁛䴙㔁⬠䁢ᷣ炷姙做℠ˣ㳒▱ỹ炻2008炸炻ℵ≈ᶲ朊冐⮹⫸⊾⮵㕤㔁ⷓ 䘬ⶍἄシ栀ˣⶍἄℏ⭡゛⽭㚱㇨⼙枧ˤ⚈㬌Ḯ妋⮹⫸⊾㇨忈ㆸ䘬❶悱ⶖ嶅⍲⮵℔ˣ䥩䩳 ⚺㇨ᶵ⎴䘬⼙枧ᷫ㛔䞼䨞䘬≽㨇ᷳ⚃ˤ. 2.

(14) ➢㕤ᶲ徘炻㛔䞼䨞㖐⛐ẍ⓷⌟婧㞍䘬㕡⺷Ḯ妋⮹⫸⊾䎦尉⮵⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⸤㔁侩ⷓ忈 ㆸ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃冯℞⚈ㅱ䫾䔍炻᷎㭼庫ℑ侭⛐℔ˣ䥩䩳ẍ⍲❶悱ᷳⶖ䔘炻䞼䨞䘤䎦⎗䓐㕤 ⋼≑⸤㔁侩ⷓ ⤥朊⮵⮹⫸⊾䘬⽫䎮㸾⁁炻䁢㔁做䔞⯨婧㔜冯⬱㌺ⷓ屯➡做婚䦳炻ẍ ⍲⸤⃺⚺㇨䴻䆇侭䆇忈㓗㊩䑘⠫䘬⍫侫ˤ. 3.

(15) ಃΒ࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ᆶࡑเୢᚒ. 㛔䞼䨞ᷣ天䚖䘬䁢Ḯ妋⮹⫸⊾䎦尉⮵⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⸤㔁侩ⷓ㇨忈ㆸ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃ẍ⍲ ℞⚈ㅱ䫾䔍炻᷎㍊妶⮹⫸⊾䎦尉⮵⸤㔁侩ⷓ忈ㆸ䘬⡻≃⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍㗗⏎⚈㨇㥳Ⱄ⿏炷℔ˣ 䥩冯❶ˣ悱ⶖ䔘炸㚱㇨ᶵ⎴炻ᷣ天䘬䞼䨞䚖䘬冯⼭䫼⓷柴⤪ᶳ烉. ΋ǵࣴ‫ز‬Ҟ‫ޑ‬ ! ! 炷ᶨ炸㍊䨞⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⸤㔁侩ⷓ㇨㍷徘⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃ ġ ġ 炷Ḵ炸㍊䨞⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬䎦㱩冯⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䎦㱩 ġ ġ 炷ᶱ炸㍊䨞⚺㇨⿏岒ˣ⚺㇨⛘溆⮵⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬枸㷔≃ˤ. Βǵࡑเୢᚒ ὅ㒂ᶲ徘ᷳ䞼䨞䚖䘬炻㍸↢ᶳ↿䞼䨞⓷柴烉炷ᶨ炸䝕妋⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⸤㔁侩ⷓ㇨㍷徘⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃䁢ỽ烎炷Ḵ炸䝕妋⎘ᷕ⛘⋨㔁ⷓ朊⮵⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃冯⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䎦㱩䁢ỽ烎 ġ ġ 炷ᶱ炸䝕妋㚵⊁⚺㇨⿏岒ˣ⚺㇨⛘溆⮵⮹⫸⊾ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬枸㷔≃䁢ỽ烎. 4.

(16) ಃΟ࿯. Ӝຒញက. ⮯㛔䞼䨞慵天䚠斄䘬⎵娆炻℞㤪⾝✳⭂佑冯㑵ἄ✳⭂佑慳佑⤪ᶳ烉. ΋ˣϿηϯ ġ ġ ⮹⫸⊾ᶨ娆㚨㖑㗗䓙㖍㛔⭀㕡㍸↢炻Ὢ㊯⨎⤛⸛⛯䓇做䌯Ỷ㕤䓇做㯜㸾 2.1 ẍᶳ炻 Ṏ⌛䓇做Ṣ㔠グἮグ⮹䘬ᶨ䧖䎦尉炷⺽冒哉所㳍炻2007炸 ˤ ℏ㓧悐䴙妰嗽炷2012炸屯㕁㊯↢炻⎘䀋⛐ 2011 ⸜ 1.065 Ṣ䘬↢䓇䌯炻⶚䴻㗗ℐ䎫䓇做䌯㚨Ỷ䘬⚳⭞(ℏ㓧悐䴙妰嗽炻 2011炸 ˤ䃉⎗媙妨炻⎘䀋㬋朊冐䓇做䌯旵Ỷ䘬♜慵⌙㨇ˤ㛔䞼䨞㇨䧙ᷳ⮹⫸⊾ᷫὅ㒂哉所㳍㕤 2007 ⸜㍸↢䘬⨎⤛⸛⛯䓇做䌯Ỷ㕤 2.1 Ṣẍᶳ炻⮶农⚳⭞Ṣ⎋徸⸜ᶳ旵炻⬠漉⇵ ⸤⃺怆㷃䘬䎦尉ˤ. Βǵ௲ৣπբᓸΚ 㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃ᷫ㊯㔁ⷓ⛐ⶍἄ䘬⬠㟉䑘⠫ᷕ冯Ṣˣḳˣ䈑Ḻ≽忶䦳ᷕ㇨䓊䓇䘬⡻≃ ⍵ㅱ炻⊭⏓⽫䎮ᶲˣ䓇䎮ᶲㆾ侭㗗娵䞍ᶲ䘬ᶵ⸛堉䉨ン炻⤪䃎ㄖˣ㋓㉀ˣ⡻㈹…䫱炻℞ ⡻≃⍵ㅱ㚫⚈ᾳṢ䈡岒⍲℞⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ᷳᶵ⎴侴㚱㇨ⶖ䔘ˤ 㛔䞼䨞㇨㊯䘬㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃炻Ὢẍ䞼䨞侭⍫侫㔯䌣冒䶐䘬ˬⶍἄ⡻≃慷堐˭ᶲᷳ⼿ ↮堐䣢ᷳˤ慷堐ℏ⭡⊭⏓⚺㇨埴㓧ˣ奒ⷓḺ≽冯㹅忂ˣ⸤⃺⬠佺冯堐䎦ˣ䓇㵗夷∫冯ㆸ ⯙デ⚃ᾳⰌ朊ˤ⍿娎侭⛐慷堐䘬⼿↮グ檀炻堐䣢ⶍἄ⡻≃グ⣏炻⍵ᷳ⇯ⶍἄ⡻≃グ⮷Ƕ. ΟǵӢᔈ฼ౣ ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍Ὢ㊯㔁ⷓ⛐ⶍἄᷕ朊⮵ⶍἄ⡻≃㗪炻䁢Ḯ性⃵⛐⽫䎮ᶲˣ䓇䎮ᶲㆾ侭㗗娵䞍ᶲ䘬ᶵ⸛堉䉨ン炻⤪䃎ㄖˣ㋓㉀ˣ⡻㈹…䫱炻⚈㬌ᾳṢ㚫⛐娵䞍ᶲˣね䵺ᶲˣ埴䁢ᶲ. 5.

(17) 忚埴婧怑≽ἄˤ 㛔䞼䨞㇨㊯䘬㔁ⷓ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍Ὢẍ䞼䨞侭⍫侫㔯䌣冒䶐䘬ˬ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍慷堐˭ᶲᷳ⼿↮ 堐䣢ᷳˤ慷堐ℏ⭡⊭⏓䎮⿏⿅侫ˣ冒ㆹ婧怑ˣ⮳㯪㓗㊩ˣ⺞⬽徫性⚃ᾳ㕡朊ˤ⍿娎侭⛐ 慷堐䘬⼿↮グ檀炻堐䣢ἧ䓐柣䌯グ檀炻⍵ᷳ⇯堐䣢ἧ䓐柣䌯グỶˤ. ѤǵεѠύӦ୔ ⎘ᷕⶪ廬⋨⍇䁢⎘䀋䚩䘬⎘ᷕ䷋冯⎘ᷕⶪ炻㕤 2010 ⸜ 12 㚰 25 㖍⎰Ἕ⋯㟤䁢䚜廬 ⶪ炷䵕➢䘦䥹炻2012炸炻㛔䞼䨞㇨㊯⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⊭⏓⍇⎘ᷕⶪˣ⍇⎘ᷕ䷋ˤ. ϖǵࠤໂৡຯ ㇨媪❶悱ⶖ嶅炻ὅ䄏埴㓧昊ᷣ妰嗽䘬⭂佑炻 ˬ悱㛹˭㗗㊯彚㤕Ṣ⎋㭼䌯庫檀ᷳ⛘⋨炻 ⚈㬌悱㛹冯彚㤕⎗婒㗗ᶨ橼䘬ℑ朊炷埴㓧昊ᷣ妰嗽炻2006炸 ˤ⍰㟡㒂埴㓧昊彚⥼㚫⛐ 2008 ⸜㍸ὃ䘬䴙妰屯㕁栗䣢炻⍇⎘ᷕⶪ䘬彚㇞㇞㔠㭼ἳỶ㕤 5.5%炻栗䣢↢⍇⎘ᷕⶪℐ⋨悥 ⶪ⊾䦳⹎檀炻侴⍇⎘ᷕ䷋䘬 21 ᾳ悱捖ᷕ彚㇞Ỽ 20%ẍᶲ炻℞ᷕⰙ䶂䘬㜙⊊ˣ㕘䣦⍲㴟䶂䘬⣏⬱炻℞彚㇞㭼ἳ㚜崭忶 40%炻栗䣢⍇⎘ᷕ䷋ṵẍ彚㤕䁢ᷣ天䴻㾇橼炷埴㓧昊彚⥼ 㚫炻2008炸 ˤ⚈㬌⛐㛔䞼䨞ᷕ炻⮯⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⋨↮䁢ˬ⍇⎘ᷕⶪ˭ ˣ ˬ⍇⎘ᷕ䷋˭ 炻㇨媪❶ ㊯䘬㗗ˬ⍇⎘ᷕⶪ˭ ˣ悱㊯䘬㗗ˬ⍇⎘ᷕ䷋˭ ˤ. 6.

(18) ಃѤ࿯. ࣴ‫ز‬ጄൎᆶज़‫ڋ‬. 㛔䭨㖐⛐昛徘㛔䞼䨞ᶲ䘬䭬⚵⍲℞旸⇞ˤ䞼䨞䭬⚵⊭㊔烉䞼䨞⮵尉ˣ䞼䨞㕡㱽⍲ⶍ ℟ˣ⓷⌟屯㕁吸普㗪攻烊䞼䨞旸⇞⊭㊔烉䞼䨞㧋㛔ˣ䞼䨞ℏ⭡ˣ䞼䨞㕡㱽䫱ᶱ㕡朊炻↮ ⇍婒㖶⤪ᶳ烉. ΋ǵࣴ‫ز‬ጄൎ 炷ᶨ炸䞼䨞⮵尉㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞⮵尉䁢⣏⎘ᷕⶪ℔ˣ䥩䩳⸤䧂炷⃺炸⚺ᷳ⸤㔁侩ⷓˤ㛔䞼䨞㬋⺷⓷⌟ 㧋㛔怠⍾㍉晐㨇⍾㧋炻⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨2011濜䩳㟰℔ˣ䥩䩳⸤䧂炷⃺炸⚺䷥妰253⚺ˤ↮䁢 ❶ⶪ冯悱捖ℙ吸普307ấ⓷⌟ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䞼䨞㕡㱽⍲ⶍ℟ġ 㛔䞼䨞㍉䓐⓷⌟婧㞍㱽炻ẍ冒䶐䘬⓷⌟ 䁢䞼䨞ⶍἄ炻⓷⌟ℏ⭡⊭⏓ˬ⸤㔁侩ⷓ➢ 㛔屯㕁˭ˣˬⶍἄ⡻≃慷堐˭⍲ˬ⚈ㅱ䫾䔍慷堐˭ ˤ 炷ᶱ炸⓷⌟屯㕁吸普㗪攻ġ 1.䫔ᶨ昶㭝烉枸娎㗪攻䁢 2012 ⸜ 3 㚰⸽炻ẍ剿㞿ⶪ䩳㟰℔䥩䩳⸤䧂炷⃺炸⚺㔁ⷓ䁢枸娎⮵尉炻怠⍾ 55 ⎵ˤ 2.䫔Ḵ昶㭝烉㕥㷔㗪攻䁢 2012 ⸜ 4 㚰⸽炻忚埴㬋⺷⓷⌟㕥㷔炻ẍ⣏⎘ᷕⶪ䩳㟰℔䥩䩳⸤䧂炷⃺炸⚺㔁ⷓ䁢㕥㷔⮵尉炻怠⍾ 307 ⎵ˤ. 7.

(19) Βǵࣴ‫ز‬ज़‫ڋ‬ 㛔䞼䨞晾≃㯪♜嫡炻Ữ⛐Ṣ≃ˣ䈑≃ˣ㗪攻ᶲ㚱旸炻⚈㬌ṵ㚱㇨旸⇞炻㛔䞼䨞ᷳ䞼䨞旸⇞⤪ᶳ徘烉炷ᶨ炸䞼䨞㧋㛔㕡朊ġ 㛔䞼䨞Ὢẍ⣏⎘ᷕ⛘⋨⶚䩳㟰ᷳ℔ˣ䥩䩳⸤䧂炷⃺炸⚺㔁ⷓ䁢䞼䨞㧋㛔炻㓭℞䞼䨞䳸㝄ᶵ⭄㍐婾军℞Ṿ⛘⋨ˤ 炷Ḵ炸䞼䨞ℏ⭡㕡朊⼙枧㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䘬䭬⚵朆ⷠ⺋炻⛐ⶍἄ⡻≃悐↮炻㛔䞼䨞㇨㍊妶䘬ℏ ⭡⊭⏓⚺㇨埴㓧ˣ奒ⷓḺ≽冯㹅忂ˣ⸤⃺⬠佺冯堐䎦ˣ䓇㵗夷∫冯ㆸ⯙デ䫱⚃ᾳⰌ朊炻 ⿸䃉㱽ℐ悐㵝味炻⚈㬌⛐ℏ⭡ᶲ㚱㇨旸⇞ˤ ⎎⢾⛐⚈ㅱ䫾䔍悐↮炻ℏ⭡⊭⏓䎮⿏⿅侫ˣ冒ㆹ婧怑ˣ⮳㯪㓗㊩ˣ⺞⬽徫性䫱⚃ᾳ 㕡朊炻Ữ⮎晃ᶲ䘬⚈ㅱ䫾䔍⎗傥⊭⏓䘬㚜⺋炻⓷⌟ℏ⭡晾ẍ≃㯪ᾉ㓰⹎炻Ữℏ⭡ᶲ⿸㚱㇨旸⇞ˤ ġ ġ 侴⛐⮹⫸⊾䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃悐↮炻⚈⯂䃉䚠斄䞼䨞⍲⓷⌟⎗⍫侫姕妰炻䞼䨞侭晾⮳㯪䚠斄㔯䌣⍲忚埴⇵⮶姒婯ẍ⡆≈⓷⌟ᷳ⬴㔜⿏炻䃞⛐ℏ⭡ᶲ⿸㚱ᶵ嵛ᷳ嗽炻⮎䁢㛔䞼䨞ᷳ 旸⇞ˤ 炷ᶱ炸䞼䨞㕡㱽㕡朊ġ 㛔䞼䨞㍉⍾⓷⌟婧㞍㱽炻䞼䨞侭⛐⍫侫㔯䌣⼴冒䶐⓷⌟炻晾⛐ᾉ㓰⹎⶚㚱㇨天㯪炻䃞⓷⌟婧㞍㱽㛔幓䃉㱽㍸ὃ㶙ℍᶼ⬴㔜妲〗䴎䞼䨞侭炻⛐⓷⌟䘬⠓䫼ᶲ㚫⚈⍿娎侭⮵㔯 ⫿妋嬨䘬ᶵ⎴⍲䔞ᶳ䘬㗪䨢ˣ䑘⠫ˣ悐↮㓷デ⓷柴ˣね䵺䫱⚈䳈⼙枧炻侴ᶵ⬴ℐ㗗ᾳṢ 䛇⮎デ⍿炻忈ㆸ䞼䨞䳸㝄冯↮㜸㚱㇨婌ⶖˤ. 8.

(20) ಃΒക. Ў᝘௖૸. 㛔䪈ᷣ天憅⮵㛔䞼䨞䚠斄㛇↲ˣ婾㔯ˣ㚠䯵忚埴㍊妶炻䓐ẍḮ妋䚖⇵⮹⫸⊾䘬䎦㱩ˣ ⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃デ䞍⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ˤ㛔䪈ℙ↮ᶱ䭨炻䫔ᶨ䭨㍊妶⮹⫸⊾䘬⭂佑冯ㆸ⚈炻䫔Ḵ䭨㍊妶⮹⫸⊾⮵䣦㚫ˣ㔁做ˣ⸤㔁借⟜䘬⼙枧炻䫔ᶱ䭨㍊妶ⶍἄ⡻≃冯⚈ㅱ䫾䔍⍲ 䚠斄㔯䌣ˤ. ಃ΋࿯. Ͽηϯ‫ۓ‬ကᆶԋӢ. ⛐ℕ⋩⸜⇵炻⎘䀋㚦䴻㗗ᶾ䓴䓇做䌯䫔ᶨ檀䘬⚳⭞炻 ⤪⚾ 2-1-1 ⽆ 1961 ⸜䘬↢䓇䌯 38.33炻ᶨ䚜⇘ 2010 ⸜䘬↢䓇䌯 7.21炷↢䓇䌯䁢ᶨ⸜ℏ㭷ᶨ⋫ỵṢ⎋ᷳ⸛⛯㳣䓊㔠烊 ℏ㓧悐䴙妰嗽炻2011炸炻䓙⚾ 2-1-1 ㆹᾹ⎗ẍ㖶栗䘬䚳↢⎘䀋䘬㬟⸜↢䓇䌯㬋⛐徸㻠ᶳ 旵ˤ 45.00 40.00. 38.33. 35.00 30.00 25.67. 25.00. 22.97. 20.00 15.70. 15.00. 11.65. 10.00. 7.21. 5.00 — ҇୯61ԃ!. ⚾ 2-1-1. ҇୯71ԃ!. ҇୯81ԃ!. ҇୯91ԃ!. ⎘䀋㬟⸜↢䓇䌯. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉ℏ㓧悐䴙妰嗽. 9. ҇୯:1ԃ!. ҇୯::ԃ!.

(21) ! ! 䃞侴ỽ媪⮹⫸⊾炻ㆹᾹⷠⷠ⛐婒⎘䀋⮹⫸⊾⼰♜慵炻⇘⸽天⇘忼ỽ䧖㧁㸾ㇵ傥䧙䁢 ⮹⫸⊾␊烎ᶳ朊ㆹᾹ⃰㍊妶⮹⫸⊾䘬⭂佑᷎Ḯ妋⮹⫸⊾䘬ㆸ⚈ˤ. ΋ǵϿηϯ‫ۓޑ‬က 㚨㖑↢䎦ˬ⮹⫸⊾˭㗗⛐㖍㛔炻Ὢ㊯⚈䁢䓇做䌯ᶳ旵炻忈ㆸ⸤⸜Ṣ⎋徸㻠㷃⮹炻ẍ 军㕤⸜侩Ṣ⎋檀㕤⸜⮹Ṣ⎋炷⏛㶭Ⱉˣ灂⣑ỹ炻2005炸炻䃞侴⮹⫸⊾䘬婒㱽㚱⼰⣂ᶵ⎴ 㧁㸾炻ẍᶳ䞼䨞侭㔜䎮⎬䧖⮹⫸⊾䘬妋慳⤪堐 2-1-1ˤ. 堐 2-1-1 ⮹⫸⊾⎬䧖⭂佑 ↢嗽. ⮹⫸⊾⭂佑. 䵕Ṕ䘦䥹. ˬ⮹⫸⊾˭㗗㊯䓇做䌯ᶳ旵炻忈ㆸ⸤⸜Ṣ⎋徸㻠㷃⮹䘬䎦尉ˤ. 炷2011炸. ⮹⫸⊾ẋ堐叿㛒ἮṢ⎋⎗傥徸㻠嬲⮹炻⮵㕤䣦㚫䳸㥳ˣ䴻㾇䘤 ⯽䫱⎬㕡朊悥㚫䓊䓇慵⣏⼙枧ˤ⤪㝄㕘ᶨẋ⡆≈䘬忇⹎怈Ỷ㕤 ᶲᶨẋ冒䃞㬣ṉ䘬忇⹎炻㚜㚫忈ㆸṢ⎋ᶵ嵛䘬䎦尉炻㓭⮹⫸⊾ 㗗䚖⇵姙⣂⚳⭞炷䈡⇍㗗⶚攳䘤⚳⭞炸朆ⷠ斄⽫䘬⓷柴ˤ. 伭䵠㕘炷2007炸. ˬ⮹⫸⊾˭㗗㭷⎵⨎⤛⸛⛯䓇做䌯Ỷ㕤 2 Ṣẍᶳ炻⬑⫸グ䓇グ ⮹䘬ᶨ䧖䎦尉ˤ. 炷临ᶳ枩炸. 10.

(22) ↢嗽昛⿉⨟炷2006炸. ⮹⫸⊾⭂佑 ˬ⮹⫸⊾˭䘬䯉╖妋慳⎗䧙䓇做䌯ᶵ㕟ᶳ旵炻忈ㆸ⭞⹕ᷕ⬑⫸ 㭼䌯㷃⮹䘬Ṣ⎋䎦尉炻劍ẍ℟橼䘬堉慷㊯㧁≈ẍ㍷徘炻Ὢ㊯娚 ⚳䘬䷥䓇做䌯Ỷ㕤Ṣ⎋㚧ẋ㯜㸾ˤ. 㖍㛔ˮ⚳㮹䓇㳣䘥㚠˯ 㭷⎵⨎濏⸛⛯䓇做澯Ỷ㕤 2 Ṣẍᶳ炻䓇做崲潻崲⮹䘬ᶨ䧖䎦尉ˤ 炷1992炸屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮. ! ! 䓙堐 2-1-1 ⎗䚳↢ὅ㒂㚨⃰㍸↢⮹⫸⊾ᶨ娆䘬㖍㛔炻㇨䘬⮹⫸⊾⭂佑炻⮹⫸⊾ᷫ ㊯㭷ỵ⨎⤛⸛⛯䓇做䌯⛐Ḵẍᶳ炻侴⎘䀋 2010 ⸜䘬⨎⤛⸛⛯䓇做䌯䁢 1.02炷ℏ㓧悐䴙妰嗽炻2010炸炻䫎⎰㖍㛔⭂佑ᷳ⮹⫸⊾烊⎎⢾⍫侫Ṣ⎋㚧ẋ㯜㸾䘬㧁㸾炻Ṣ⎋㚧ẋ㯜㸾㗗㊯ᶨᾳ⚳⭞䘬⨎⤛劍⸛⛯䓇做ℑᾳ⮷⬑炻∃⤥⎗ẍ㚧㎃㬣ṉ㇨㷃⮹䘬Ṣ㔠炻ℵ≈ᶲ⣕ ㉀ˣシ⢾䘬⍇⚈炻㇨ẍ⮯Ṣ⎋㚧㎃䌯㍸⋯䁢 2.1炷ℏ㓧悐䴙妰嗽炻2010炸炻侴⎘䀋䚖⇵䘬 ⸛⛯䓇做䌯 1.02 ḇ怈Ỷ㕤Ṣ⎋㚧ẋ㯜㸾 2.1炻䓙㬌⎗嫱⎘䀋䡢⮎⶚忚ℍ⮹⫸⊾㗪ẋˤ ⮹⫸⊾ẋ堐㛒Ἦ䘬Ṣ⎋㚫徸㻠㷃⮹炻侴Ṣ⎋⎗婒㗗⚳⭞⚳≃冯䴻㾇≃䘬慵天㊯㧁炻 ⚈㬌Ṣ⎋㷃⮹⮵㕤䣦㚫䳸㥳ˣ䴻㾇䘤⯽⎬㕡朊悥㚫䓊䓇⼙枧ˤ⽆⎎ᶨᾳ奺⹎Ἦ䚳炻⮹⫸ ⊾ḇ堐䣢檀漉Ṣ⎋䚠⮵嬲⣂炻ḇ⯙㗗㇨媪䘬檀漉⊾䣦㚫炻㚨⼴炻㔜橼Ṣ⎋䳸㥳⊊⽭⼊ㆸ ㇨䁢ˬᾺ慹⫿⟼˭䘬⼊䉨炻⮶农㇨媪ˬ梇ᷳ侭䛦炻梲ᷳ侭⮹˭ね㱩䘬䘤䓇ˤ. 11.

(23) ΒǵϿηϯ‫ޑ‬ԋӢ 倗⎰⚳Ṣ⎋䴙妰⟙⏲㊯↢炻⤪㝄天䵕㊩䨑⭂䘬Ṣ⎋㚧ẋ炻恋湤⸛⛯㭷ᶨỵ⤛䓇做⫸ ⤛㔠天⇘忼2.1Ṣ烊䚖⇵㇨㚱⶚攳䘤⚳⭞炻悥Ỷ㕤忁ᾳ㯜㸾炻䓇做⫸⤛㔠⣂⋲⛐ᶨ军ḴṢ ᷳ攻烊Ữ攳䘤ᷕ⚳⭞悥檀㕤忁ᾳ㯜㸾炻ᶼ⸛⛯㗗⶙攳䘤⚳⭞䘬ᶨ᾵ẍᶲ炷㞜㜦㜿炻2008炸ˤ 侴⎘䀋䘬⮹⫸⊾䉨㱩㚜㗗㖍嵐♜慵炻⸛⛯㭷ᶨỵ⨎⤛䓇做⫸⤛㔠⁭㚱 1.02 Ṣ炻㭼崟㕘≈✉䘬 1.26 Ṣ炻劙⚳䘬 2. 0 Ṣ炻⮹⫸⊾♜慵䦳⹎⎗媪ᶾ䓴ᷳⅈˤ䞼䨞侭䵄⎰⚳ℏ⬠侭䘬婧㞍䞼䨞⮯⮹⫸⊾ㆸ⚈㔜䎮⤪ᶳ炷⤪堐 2-1-2炸ˤ. 堐2-1-2 ⎘䀋⮹⫸⊾ㆸ⚈ 䞼䨞侭 (⸜ẋ) 唕䳈䑘. 䞼䨞㕡㱽姒婯䞼䨞. 炷2009炸. 柴䚖. ⮹⫸⊾ㆸ⚈. ⮹⫸⊾娵䞍冯⚈ㅱ. 1.梲做⫸⤛ㆸ㛔忶檀. 䫾䔍ᷳ䞼䨞-ẍ⎘⊿. 2.做⃺屯㸸⍲㓗㊩⿏䑘⠫ᶵ嵛. ䷋䥩䩳⸤䧂⚺䁢ἳ. 3.㘂⨂ㆾᶵ⨂䘬䎦尉㖍嵐㘖⍲ 4.⨂⦣ˣ⭞⹕␴梲做⫸⤛䘬ン⹎㓡嬲 5.⤛⿏奺刚䘬廱㎃. ẵ▱Ⲷ 炷2008炸. ⓷⌟婧㞍. 䥩䩳檀借㔁ⷓ⚈ㅱ. 1.䓇做⫸⤛屈㑼⡻≃⣏. ⮹⫸⊾ᷳ婧㞍䞼䨞. 2.ᶵ⨂冯暊⨂䘬㘖念 3.䓇䓊䳸㥳䘬㓡嬲 4.㍍⍿檀䫱㔁做Ṣ⎋⣏慷⡆≈ 5.⣙㤕Ṣ㼖㳞㸏 6.忶⍣㓧⹄䤷⇑㓧䫾䘬ῷ枿 7.⭞⹕妰䔓⮎㕥䘬䳸㝄炷临ᶳ堐炸. 12.

(24) 䞼䨞侭 (⸜ẋ). 䞼䨞㕡㱽. 柴䚖. ⮹⫸⊾ㆸ⚈. 㕥⭄䃴. 㔯䌣吸普↮ ⮹⫸⊾嵐⊊ᶳ⎘䀋. 1.梲⃺旚侩奨⾝⺷⽖. 炷2008炸. 㜸. ⸤⃺㔁做䘬⚈ㅱᷳ. 2.⤛⿏檀⬠㬟ˣ借⟜⯙㤕䌯䘬㍸⋯. 忻. 3.慷⣂ᶵ⤪岒⃒䘬⃒䓇奨⾝ 4.ㆹ⚳溻⊝䓇做㓧䫾婀⚈ᶵ嵛 5.梲做⫸⤛䘬䴻屣㖪屜 6.䣦㚫₡ῤ奨⍲⭞⹕奨⾝䘬㓡嬲. 㛶⃱⺟. Ḵㇳ屯㕁↮ ⶍἄ冯䓇㳣婧␴⛐. 1.ᶵ⨂ㆾ㘂⨂ˤ. 炷2007炸. 㜸. 2.⤛⿏徥㯪ᾳṢ䓇㳣⣂㧋⊾ˤ. ⮹⫸⊾⮵䫾ᷕ⭂ỵ. 㭼庫↮㜸㱽 ⍲シ佑烉ẍ㖍㛔䁢ᷕ 3.䣦㚫⍲䴻㾇⡻≃ˤ. 昛伶⏃. 㶙ℍ姒婯. 炷2007炸. ⽫. 4.℔ℙ做⃺屯㸸㓧䫾䞕仢ˤ. ⮹⫸⊾⮵⚳㮹㔁做. 1.⭞⹕妰䔓⮎㕥䳸㝄. 䎦⟜䘬⼙枧ᷳ䞼䨞. 2.䴻㾇屈㑼⡻≃⡆≈ 3.䣦㚫奨⾝₡ῤ㓡嬲 4.䥹㈨㔯㖶䘤忼⼙枧 5.㘂⨂冯㘂做䘬䳸㝄. 挦⇑㫋. Beck䎮婾. 䔞⇵⎘䀋⭞⹕⮹⫸. 炷2007炸. ↮㜸. ⊾䘬ㆸ⚈㍊妶炼ẍ 2.⤛⿏⢾↢⯙㤕㨇㚫⡆≈. 1.ᾳṢシ嬀㉔柕. BeckᾳṢ⊾䎮婾䁢. 3.䭨做㈨埻忚㬍. ὅ㒂. 4.㔁做㘖⍲ℑ⿏⸛䫱 5.䵚嶗⍲屯妲䥹㈨䘤忼. ⼸㖶䎈. 㔯䌣吸普↮ ⮹⫸⊾㗪ẋ㔁做ㅱ. 1.䓇㳣⡻≃⣏. 炷2006炸. 㜸. 2.㔁梲⮷⬑屣䓐檀. 㚱䘬⮵䫾冯埴≽. 3.冒ᷣシ嬀㉔柕炻⮶农㘂⨂ˣᶵ⨂ㆾ 枪⭊㕷崲Ἦ崲⣂ˤ 炷临ᶳ枩炸. 13.

(25) 䞼䨞侭 (⸜ẋ). 䞼䨞㕡㱽. 柴䚖. ⮹⫸⊾ㆸ⚈. 㜿屆晬. 1.Ḵㇳ屯㕁. 悥ⶪ妰∫⚈ㅱṢ⎋. 1.梲⃺旚侩奨⾝㓡嬲ˤ. 炷2000炸. ↮㜸. 嬲怟䳸㥳⮵䫾ᷳ䞼. 2.䓟⤛⸛䫱⤛⿏䧵㤝㈽ℍ借⟜ˤ. 2.㔯䌣吸普. 䨞. 3.⃒䓇⬠奨⾝ˤ. 3.㭼庫䞼䨞. 4.㔜橼䣦㚫䳸㥳㓡嬲ˤ. 㱽. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮. 䓙堐2-1-2炻䞼䨞侭⮯⎘䀋⮹⫸⊾ㆸ⚈㔜䎮↢⚃⣏⚈䳈⊭⏓烉ℑ⿏⸛㪲奨⾝冰崟ˣ⭞ ⹕奨⾝㓡嬲ˣ做⃺䴻㾇⡻≃漸⣏ˣṢ⎋䳸㥳⮵⚳⭞㓧䫾䘬⼙枧䫱⚃⣏⚈䳈炻ẍᶳ憅⮵忁 ⚃⣏⚈䳈忚埴↮㜸烉炷ᶨ炸ℑ⿏⸛㪲奨⾝冰崟ġ ℑ⿏⸛㪲奨⾝冰崟炻⤛⿏䘬⍿㔁做⸜旸⺞攟⮶农䓇做⸜漉ᶲ⋯炻⼙枧䓇做䌯⍲䓇做シ栀ˤ役⸜Ἦ⎘䀋ℑ⿏⸛㪲䘬奨⾝檀㻚炻⚈㬌⤛⿏㬍ℍ借⟜䘬㭼ἳ㤝檀炻侴濏⿏潽≽濘澹冯澯冯䓇做澯㚱屈䚠斄炷灖㓧昊䴻㾇⺢姕⥼⒉㚫炻2009炸炻⛐借⟜ⶍἄ䘬⤛⿏⼨⼨⚈ 徥㯪ⶍἄㆸ⯙侴拗忶怑⎰䓇做䘬⸜䲨ˤ⎎⢾炻檀䫱㔁做䘬㘖⍲炻ḇἧ⼿⍿㔁⸜䲨⼨⼴⺞攟炻嬻㘂⨂㭼ἳ⋯檀炻忁ṃ㍍⍿忶檀䫱㔁做䘬⸜庽Ṣ⚈徥㯪冒ㆹㆸ⯙冯䓇㳣⑩岒炻⼨⼨ ⶴ㛃㚱䨑⭂䘬䴻㾇傥≃⼴ℵ䓇⮷⬑炻䓂军ᶵ゛嬻⮷⬑䟜⢆冒⶙⍇㚱䘬䓇㳣⑩岒炻⮏栀怠㑯ᶵ䓇⮷⬑炻梲晣尻ˣ䉿ἄỜˤ. 14.

(26) 炷Ḵ炸⭞⹕奨⾝䘬㓡嬲ġ 梲⃺旚侩䘬奨⾝⺷⽖炻⸜庽⣓⥣ᶵ栀庽㖻䓇做ᶳᶨẋˤ㘂⨂ˣᶵ⨂ˣ暊⨂䘬㘖⍲⊾炻 ⯌℞䎦⛐䣦㚫㳩埴㓿䉔㕷ˣ枪⭊㕷炻ᶵ娵䁢暨天䳸⨂炻ḇᶵ娵⎴䳸⨂⯙ᶨ⭂天䓇⮷⬑炻 ⣏⣂㔠㮹䛦晾偗⭂⫸⤛䘬₡ῤ炻Ữ⮵梲⃺旚侩䘬㛇⼭⶚㖶栗旵Ỷ炻⮵㕤ㆸ⭞⍲⁛⬿㍍ẋ 䫱奨⾝ḇᶵ⤪ẍ⼨慵夾炷嫅ッ漉炻2007炸 ˤ攟ᷭẍἮ⛐⚳Ṣ⽫ᷕ䘬ˬ⁛⬿㍍ẋ˭ ˣ ˬ梲⃺ 旚侩˭奨⾝䓊䓇Ḯ嬲⊾炻忁ṃ悥⼙枧Ḯ䓇做䌯ˤ 炷ᶱ炸做⃺䴻㾇⡻≃漸⣏ġ 做⃺ᷳ䴻㾇⡻≃⣏䚜㍍⼙枧ᶨ凔⣓⥣䓇做䘬シ栀ˤ⓮㤕忙↲⛐2009⸜憅⮵梲做⮷⬑ 天剙⣂⮹拊 ᶨ枭婧㞍炻䘤䎦㟡㒂䰿Ộ炻䓇梲ᶨᾳ⮷⬑⇘⣏⬠䔊㤕炻⤪㝄ᶵ⬠佺ảỽㇵ喅炻㚨⮹天剙屣380叔⃫ˤ䚖⇵ᶨ凔⇅↢䣦㚫䘬⸜庽Ṣ⛐䴻㾇ᶵ㘗㯋䘬㴒㼖ᶳ炻啒㯜ᶵ 忶ℑ叔⣂炻⸛⛯㓞ℍ⛐55叔⎘⸋䘬⭞⹕炻䲬⌈㔜橼䘬40%炷埴㓧昊ᷣ妰嗽炻2009炸炻㈋昌㖍ⷠ䓇㳣屣䓐ˣ㇧䦇ㆾ㗗㇧屠屣䓐䫱䫱炻娎⓷怬㚱婘㔊䓇⮷⬑ˤ梲⃺⣏澵瀮炻䴻㾇屈㑼㰱慵炻堃䓇会㇨䘬婧㞍ᷕ炻㚱ᶨᾳ⮷⬑䘬䇞㭵Ᾱ炻51炴澵栀シ䓇䫔Ḵᾳ炻澵栀ℵ䓇䘬⍇⚈炻䴻㾇傥濘⍲梲做ㆸ㛔濆枭≈崟潻䘬䘦↮㭼灴崭忶65炴炷堃䓇会炻2004炸ˤ 炷⚃炸Ṣ⎋䳸㥳⮵⚳⭞㓧䫾䘬⼙枧ġ ⚈ㅱ檀漉⊾䘬㗪ẋἮ冐炻⚳⭞䘬䣦㚫䤷⇑⣏⣂㈽㲐⛐侩Ṣ䤷⇑⍲徨ẹ䤷⇑ᶲ炻⮵㕤做⃺䤷⇑㚱䚠⮵䘬⦩傭ˤ⚳⭞㓧䫾㕡朊ᷣ天㚱ℑ⣏⼙枧⚈䳈炻℞ᶨ䁢⎘䀋⽆㮹⚳65⸜攳 ⥳㍐埴⭞⹕妰䔓炻 ˬℑᾳ⬑⫸〘〘⤥炻ᶨᾳ⬑⫸ᶵ⩴⮹˭䘬奨⾝㶙㢵⚳㮹䘬⽫ᷕ炻㻠㻠䘬⣂㔠⭞⹕怠㑯⎒䓇ᶨᾳㆾℑᾳ⤥⤥㟥➡炻㭷ᾳ⭞⹕䘬⫸⤛㔠㖍㻠㷃⮹炻⮹⫸⊾㗗⽭䃞䘬䳸㝄ˤ⎎⢾ᶨᾳ⚈䳈⇯㗗忶⍣⚳⭞䘬䤷⇑㓧䫾⼰⮹㚱做⃺⍲㔁做㕡朊䘬䤷⇑炻ḇ㛒㚱䧵㤝溻⊝䓇做䘬㓧䫾炻⮶农⚳Ṣ⛐䓇做⍲㔁做ᶲ㚱㤝⣏⡻≃炻䓇做䌯冒䃞侴䃞旵Ỷˤ. 15.

(27) ಃΒ࿯ Ͽηϯჹ‫཮ޗ‬ǵ௲‫ػ‬ǵѴ௲ᙍ൑‫ޑ‬ቹៜ. ΋ǵϿηϯჹ‫ޑ཮ޗ‬ቹៜ ⮹⫸⊾⮵䣦㚫忈ㆸ䘬⼙枧⊭⏓烉䓊㤕㴰攟⎬夳ˣ⊆≽Ṣ⎋㷃⮹ˣ䣦㚫屯㸸↮惵㓡嬲ˣ㈞梲Ṣ⎋⡆≈炻ẍᶳ憅⮵⮹⫸⊾⮵䣦㚫䘬⼙枧徸ᶨ婾徘ᷳ烉炷ᶨ炸䓊㤕㴰攟⎬夳ġ ⮹⫸⊾⼙枧䓊㤕䳸㥳炻姙⣂䓊㤕㴰徨⮶农⣙㤕ˤ㟡㒂 Cheers 暄娴⛐ 2005 ⸜㇨䘬婧㞍炻⚈⮹⫸⊾侴㴰徨䘬埴㤕⊭㊔烉⨎䓊䥹慓䓇ˣ⮷⃺䥹慓ⷓˣ㔁ⷓˤ㟡㒂 2005 ⸜堃䓇会䴙妰炻ℐ⚳ 1,800 ⭞⨎䓊䥹姢㇨炻⶚䴻斄攱ᶱ↮ᷳᶨ炻⣏䲬㚱 600 ⭞⨎䓊䥹Ὰ攱炻 ㆾ廱✳䁢℞Ṿ栆⇍慓昊ˤℐ⎘⮷⃺䥹ỷ昊慓ⷓṢ㔠炻ḇ⽆ 2001 ⸜䘬 194 Ṣ㷃⮹䁢 2008 ⸜䘬 139 Ṣ炻旵ⷭ檀忼ᶱㆸ炷吋䎖䛇炻2008炸ˤ⯙忋忶⍣塓夾䁢揝梗䠿䘬㔁ⷓ埴㤕ḇ⛐ 㴰徨ˤ侴䌠慓⇯㗗㕘冰䘬䓊㤕炻忁ㆾ姙㗗⚈䁢做⃺䘬䴻㾇⡻≃⣒⣏炻姙⣂⸜庽⣓⥣怠㑯梤梲⮝䈑炻䓂军㈲⮝䈑䔞ἄ冒⶙䘬⮷⬑ᶨ㧋䕤ッˤ 炷Ḵ炸⊆≽Ṣ⎋㷃⮹ġ ⎘䀋⽆1983⸜Ṣ⎋廱✳ᷳ⼴炻Ṣ⎋ㆸ攟䌯徸⸜ᶳ旵炻⤪㝄Ṣ⎋ㆸ攟䌯䁢暞炻⇯䴻㾇 ㆸ攟䌯军⮹⮯庫忶⍣⋩⸜㯜㸾旵Ỷᶱ↮ᷳᶨ炷挦ὲ㔯炻2004炸ˤᶨᾳ⚳⭞䘬䴻㾇䣦㚫ㆸ 攟暨天嵛⣈䘬⊆≽≃ˤ䓇做䌯⣏ⷭ䘬旵Ỷ⮶农Ṣ⎋㷃⮹炻シ␛㛒Ἦ⊆≽Ṣ⎋㷃⮹ẍ⍲㴰屣ⶪ⟜䷖⮷炻⮵䴻㾇䘤⯽ᶵ⇑ˤ劍≈ᶲ䷥Ṣ⎋㔠䷖㷃炻⚳⭞䘬㔜橼暨㯪慷旵Ỷ炻⮯Ờ晐㇨⼿㷃⮹炻䵲㍍侴Ἦ䘬㗗⚳㮹䘬⃚呬䌯㷃⮹ˣ⚳⭞㔜橼䦭㓞徸⸜㷃⮹炻忁ṃ悥㚫⮵⚳⭞ 䴻㾇忈ㆸ卓⣏䘬⼙枧 (湫⸤冰炻2006)ˤ. 16.

(28) 炷ᶱ炸䣦㚫屯㸸↮惵㓡嬲ġ ! ! 㔜橼䣦㚫Ṣ⎋䳸㥳䘬㓡嬲炻ℵ≈ᶲ慓䗪䥹㈨グἮグ忚㬍炻⮶农⎘䀋Ṣ⸛⛯⢥␥䓙 2000⸜䘬75㬚ᶲ⋯军2010⸜䘬78.97㬚炷ℏ㓧悐炻2010炸ˤ檀漉⊾㊩临忚⯽ᶳ炻㓧⹄⎬㕡朊⮵檀漉侭ᾅ晄䘬䤷⇑ˣ慓䗪ˣ⺢姕枸䬿㚫徸㻠⋯檀炻⚳㮹屈㑼⊊⽭㍸檀ˤ⛐㬍ℍ檀漉䣦㚫ᶼ⺞攟⢥␥䘬⎴㗪炻㓧䫾劍ᶵ婧㔜炻⸤⃺䘬暨㯪⮯㚱⎗傥㚜⼊ㆸ⻙⊊炷㕥⭄䃴炻 2008炸ˤ 炷⚃炸㈞梲Ṣ⎋⡆≈ġ 䴻⺢㚫Ṣ≃夷∫嗽炷2008炸㇨ ˬⶍἄ⸜漉Ṣ⎋⮵檀漉Ṣ⎋㈞梲㭼˭㍐Ộ炻⎘䀋⛐ 2017 ⸜⼴⯙㚫怩ℍ檀漉䣦㚫炻军㕤䚖⇵⎘䀋梲ᶨᾳ 65 㬚ẍᶲ䘬檀漉Ṣ⎋炻⸛⛯䲬暨天 7 ᾳⶍἄ⸜漉Ṣ⎋炷㊯ 15 ⇘ 64 㬚炸炻2026 ⸜⼴⮯嬲ㆸ 3.2 Ṣ梲 1 Ṣ炻Ḽ⋩⸜⼴炻⮯㚫樇㷃䁢 1.4 ᾳ梲 1 ᾳ炻ḇ⯙㗗婒炻⊆≽Ṣ⎋㷃⮹炻侴暨天塓㑓梲䘬㭼ἳ⡆≈炻忁怬ᶵ⊭ ⏓㇨暨天㈞梲䘬⸤漉Ṣ⎋炻檀漉⊾䣦㚫⚳⭞㔜橼⊆≽Ṣ⎋㷃⮹炻゛䔞䃞䇦⮵⚳⭞䴻㾇㗗㚱屈朊⼙枧䘬ˤ. ΒǵϿηϯჹ௲‫ޑػ‬ቹៜ ! ! ⛐㔁做Ⰼ朊㕡朊炻⚈䁢䓇做≃ᶨℵ旵Ỷ炻⮶农⚳⮷㕘䓇徸⸜㷃⮹炻䴻⺢㚫2010⸜ ㍐Ộ㛒Ἦ10⸜⬠漉Ṣ⎋㚫㷃⮹28.7%炻㛒Ἦ20⸜⬠漉Ṣ⎋㚫㷃⮹34.4%ˤ侴⸤䧂⚺␴⚳⮷ 㔁做⮯㗗⮹⫸⊾㚨⃰堅㑲䘬悐↮炻⤪㝄䓇做䌯ᶨ䚜ᶵ崟刚炻⼰⾓㚫⺞䅺军檀䫱㔁做炻ὅ ⶚↢䓇䘬Ṣ⎋㍐Ộ炻104⬠⸜⹎⚳⮷㕘䓇⮯㷃䁢18叔9000Ṣ炻㭼98⬠⸜⹎⮹Ḯ5叔4000Ṣ炻 ⸛⛯ᶨ⸜㷃⮹8000Ṣ炷倗⎰㘂⟙炻2011)ˤ ⮹⫸⊾⮵䚖⇵䘬㔁做夷∫炻⤪⮷䎕⮷㟉ˣ䎕䳂ⷓ屯䘬⒉柵惵伖ẍ⍲䓇ⷓ㭼䘬㧁㸾䫱䫱炻⮯㚱䚠䔞⣏䘬堅㑲炷⻝懧⭴炻2004炸ˤ䞼䨞侭⮯⮹⫸⊾䎦尉⮵㔁做䘬⼙枧㔜䎮⤪ᶳ 枩堐 2-2-1烉. 17.

(29) 堐 2-2-1 ⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁做䘬⼙枧 ↢嗽. 䞼䨞⎵䧙. ⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁做䘬⼙枧. 炷⸜ẋ炸唕Ἓ䲼. ⮹⫸⊾䎦尉⮵. 1.⬠䓇Ἦ㸸㷃⮹≈∯❶悱ⶖ嶅ˤ. 吋㖕劙. ⚳⮷㔁做䘤⯽. 2.⼙枧奒ˣⷓˣ䓇䘬Ḻ≽炻ᶵ⇑佌⿏㔁⬠ˤ. 湫⬿栗. ᷳ⼙枧⍲℞⚈. 3.⮷䎕⮷㟉㔁⬠炻㔁做屯㸸晐ᷳ䷖㷃ˤ. 炷2009炸 ㅱ⮵䫾. 4.ⷓ屯➡做忶∑ˤ 5.攺伖㟉况⡆≈ˤ 6.⬠㟉䴻䆇㕡⺷㓡嬲ˤ. ⏛✌⹠. ⮹⫸⊾⮵⚳㮹. 炷2007炸 ⮷⬠㔁做⼙枧冯⚈ㅱᷳ䞼䨞. 1.崭柵㔁ⷓ⡆≈ˤ 2.⼴忚⃰↢炻忈ㆸ≋ⷓ槭徸列ⷓ䘬䎦尉ˤ 3.㳩㴒㔁ⷓ⡆≈ˤ 4.Ἕ䎕Ἕ㟉䘬⓷柴ˤ 5.ⷓ屯➡做⣂⃫⊾炻㴖㾓攳姕ⷓ➡ᷕ⽫炻⬠䦳ℏ ⭡⇣㜧炻崽ᶵᶲ㔁做㓡朑儛㬍ˤ. ỽ慹憅. ⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤䧂. 1.⸤䧂⚺⬠䪍Ἦ㸸㷃⮹. Ⓒ䑥よ. ⚺䴻䆇ᷳ堅㑲. 2.⃺䪍䚠斄䓊㤕朊冐䴻䆇㊹㇘. 炷2006炸 ⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍. 3.ⷓ屯忶∑ 4.㕘ỷ㮹⫸⤛⡆≈. 炷临ᶳ枩炸. 18.

(30) ↢嗽. 䞼䨞⎵䧙. ⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁做䘬⼙枧. 炷⸜ẋ炸 ⏛ὲ䥨. ˬ⮹⫸⊾˭⮵⚳ 1.⬠䓇⍲䎕䳂㔠㷃⮹炻⬠㟉朊冐塩Ἕㆾ⺊㟉. ˣ昛伶⏃ 㮹㔁做䎦⟜䘬. 2.㔁ⷓὃ暨♜慵⣙婧炻崭柵⓷柴㎖ᷳᶵ⍣. 炷2006炸⼙枧ᷳ䞼䨞. 3.㔁做屯㸸晐ᷳ䷖㷃炻⬠㟉⼊ㆸ则⚘䓊㤕 4.⬠䓇仢᷷Ṣ晃Ḻ≽炻Ṣ㟤䘤⯽䓊䓇ῷ枿. ⼸㖶䎈. ⮹⫸⊾㗪ẋ㔁. ⬠㟉⎗傥㔜Ἕ炻⮷䎕⮷㟉⇞⹎朊冐侫槿烊ḇ⎗傥. 炷2006炸做ㅱ㚱䘬⮵䫾. ㊃䓇ᶵ嵛炻⬠㟉朊冐斄攱䘬␥忳烊ẍ⍲ⷓ屯暨㯪. 冯埴≽. 㷃⮹炻⼊ㆸṢ≃屯㸸㴒屣䫱炻⽆⸤⃺⇘檀䫱㔁做悥⮯䓊䓇橐䇴㓰ㅱˤ. 揀ⶏ⤪. ⮹⫸⊾嵐⊊ᶳ. 炷2006炸 ⎘䀋⚳㮹⮷⬠. 1.⣂⃫㔯⊾婚䦳䘬暨㯪 2.⣂检㟉况攺伖. ⬠㟉䴻䆇夷㧉婧㔜姽Ộ. 渥ⶅ⣒恶 ⮹⫸⊾␴㔁做. 1.⬠䓇㷃⮹. 炷2006炸䘬⓷柴~㔁㓡㗗. 2.⸤䧂⚺朊冐Ὰ攱. ⮹⫸⊾䘬⍇⚈. 3.⬠㟉Ἕ㟉 4.ⷓ屯忶∑炻㔁ⷓ暨㯪扛㷃. 炷临ᶳ枩炸. 19.

(31) ↢嗽. 䞼䨞⎵䧙. ⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁做䘬⼙枧. 炷⸜ẋ炸㕥⬷⼍. ⻟⊾⸤⃺㔁做. 1.⬠䓇仢᷷Ṣ晃Ḻ≽炻忈ㆸṢ㟤䘤⯽ῷ枿. 炷2005炸㓧䫾㷃䶑⮹⫸. 2.㔁做屯㸸䷖㷃⼊ㆸ㔁⭌攺伖. ⊾堅㑲ᷳ䞼䨞. 3.㕘⎘䀋ᷳ⫸㔁做⓷柴 4.徨ẹ⸜漉⎹⼴⺞攟 5.⬠䓇Ṣ㔠⍲䎕䳂㔠䷖㷃. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮. ġ ġ 䞼䨞侭忚ᶨ㬍⮯⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁做䘬⼙枧↮ㆸḼ溆炻↮⇍㗗㟉况攺伖忈ㆸ屯㸸㴒屣ˣ⮷ 䎕⮷㟉㔁做墄≑䴻屣䷖㷃ˣὃ暨⣙堉炻⮶农㳩㴒㔁ⷓ⡆≈ˣ䌐䓇⫸⤛⍿⪴⮝⑩㟤㖻㚱仢 ⣙炻⎬溆娛徘⤪ᶳ烉炷ᶨ炸㟉况攺伖忈ㆸ屯㸸㴒屣ġ ⬠䓇Ṣ㔠㷃⮹炻䓊䓇攺伖㟉况ˤ⽆㔜橼䘬Ṣ⎋↢䓇䌯⍲㕘䓇ℍ⬠Ṣ㔠䚳Ἦ炻⯮漉䘬 ⚳⮷㕘䓇Ṣ㔠⿍急㷃⮹炻⬠䓇Ṣ㔠㷃⮹㚫⣂↢䨢䘬㔁⭌ˤ⛐姙⣂䘬䞼䨞ᷕ悥㚱㍸↢㟉况攺伖䘬⓷柴炻攺伖㟉况劍䃉⤥⤥夷∫┬䓐炻⇯⎗傥ㆸ䁢䣦㚫㱣⬱㬣奺炷⏛ὲ䥨ˣ昛伶 ⏃炻 2006烊⼸㖶䎈炻2006烊唕Ἓ䲼ˣ吋㖕劙ˣ湫⬿栗炻2009烊⏛✌⹠炻2007烊揀ⶏ⤪炻 2006烊㕥⬷⼍炻2005烊渥ⶅ⣒恶炻2006炸ˤ⬠侭劫䅦㔯ˣ㜿㶭忼⛐ 2004 ⸜憅⮵⮹⫸⊾ ㇨忈ㆸ䘬㟉况攺伖⓷柴炻⺢嬘攺伖㔁⭌⎗廱䁢⮰䥹ㆾ⣂䓐徼㔁⭌ἧ䓐炻⬠㟉ḇ⎗⮯攺伖 ⛇⛘冯䨢攻㔜⎰炻㳣䓐⬠㟉屯㸸炻ㆾ冯䣦⋨䳸⎰攳㓦㟉⚺⼊ㆸ䣦⋨㔁做屯㸸ᷕ⽫炻⮯屯㸸䓙慷䘬㒜⃭廱嬲䁢岒䘬㍸⋯ˤ ġ. ġ. 20.

(32) 炷Ḵ炸⮷䎕⮷㟉㔁做墄≑䴻屣䷖㷃ġ 㔁做䴻屣ὅ䄏⬠䓇Ṣ㔠墄≑炻⮶农⮷䎕⮷㟉䘬㔁做屯㸸ᶵ嵛ˤḅ⋩ℓ⬠⸜⼴⚳ℏ⚳ ⮷⬠䪍Ṣ㔠樇㷃炻枸Ộ⚳ℏ⚳⮷䎕㔠㷃䎕⮯役ᶨ叔䎕炷⻝ㅚ⺟炻2005炸炻⮹⫸⊾⮯≈忇 ⮷䎕⮷㟉㓧䫾䘬➟埴炻⎬䷋ⶪ⚳⮷㚫⛐性⃵㷃䎕䘬䉨ンᶳ冒≽䷖㷃䎕䳂Ṣ㔠炻䃞侴⎘䀋 ⚳ᷕ⮷䘬㔁做䴻屣㗗ὅ䄏⬠䓇Ṣ㔠忚埴墄≑炻䔞⬠䓇㷃⮹㗪⬠㟉䘬㔁做䴻屣墄≑晐ᷳ䷖ 㷃炷唕Ἓ䲼䫱Ṣ炻2009炸ˤ ⎘䀋ⷓ䭬⣏⬠㔁做㓧䫾䞼䨞⮷䳬炷2007炸憅⮵⮹⫸⊾䎦尉炻㉥㧋ℐ⚳1,118ỵ25⇘50 㬚䘬㮹䛦炻7ㆸ3㮹䛦㓗㊩㷃Ỷ䎕䳂Ṣ㔠炻⃀䭉⬠䓇Ṣ㔠徸⸜㷃⮹炻Ữṵ㚱8ㆸ2䘬㮹䛦娵䁢㓧⹄ㅱ娚䵕㊩⍇㚱䘬㔁做䴻屣炻ᶵ傥⚈䁢⬠䓇Ṣ㔠㷃⮹侴⇒㷃㔁做䴻屣ˤ塩Ἕ⮷䎕⮷ 㟉晾⎗䭨澻㔁做䴻屣㓗↢炻⌣㚫⮶农⛘㕡䣦⋨䘬ⅳ瀀炻攺伖㟉⋨ḇ⎗傥ㆸ㱣⬱㬣奺炷昛 ┇㥖炻2006炸炻ᶼῷ怈⛘⋨Ṍ忂ᶵὧ炻劍⬠㟉塓塩㑌炻⬠䓇暨⊆怈⣼㲊ᶲ婚㪲䙲⍿㎵ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ὃ暨⣙堉⮶农㳩㴒㔁ⷓ⡆≈ġ ! ! 㔁做悐仢᷷怈夳炻⛐⎗枸㛇⮹⫸⊾炻⬠䓇Ṣ㔠㖍㷃ᶳ炻ṵ⍵℞忻侴埴⺋姕ⷓ屯䎕炻⼊ㆸ㳩㴒㔁ⷓ⓷柴ˤ⽆㔁做悐⛐1995⸜攳⥳⺋姕㔁做⬠䦳军2009⸜䷥ℙ㚱7382⎵⍾⼿㔁 ⷓ嫱炻㈦⇘㬋⺷ˣẋ䎮ẋ婚㔁借䘬⛐借䌯⎒㚱䲬38炴炻∝13⸜㕘Ỷ炻⮹⫸⊾堅㑲ᶳ炻㔁借グἮグ暋㈦炷傉㶭㘱炻2010炸ˤ ġ ġ 䚖⇵⸤䧂⚺⍲ᷕ⮷⬠⶚㘖念㚱㊃䓇ᶵ嵛䘬䎦尉炻⮯Ἦ⣏⮰昊㟉ḇ㚫䘤䓇⎴㧋⓷柴炻 ⬠㟉⊊⮯ㆸ䁢则⚘䓊㤕炻㔁ⷓⶍἄ㨇㚫晐ᷳ㷃⮹炷⻝⚳῱炻2004炸ˤ 炷⚃炸䌐䓇⫸⤛⍿⪴⮝⑩㟤㖻仢⣙ġ ⚈䁢䓇䘬⮹炻䌐䓇⫸⤛冒䃞侴䃞㗗普ᶱ⋫⮝ッ㕤ᶨ幓炻䇞㭵栀シ剙⣏䫮憼䤐➡做ᶨ ᾳ⬑⫸ˤ≈ᶲ䌐䓇⫸⤛⭞ᷕ㰺㚱⃬⻇⥲⥡⎗ẍ⺢䩳⎴₽斄Ὢ炻⼨⼨⛐ㆸ攟忶䦳ᷕ炻佺ㄋ Ḯ䓂湤㜙大悥㗗䌐ṓ炻佺ㄋ嶇攟廑Ḻ≽炻⚈㬌䷥㚫㛇⼭⇍Ṣ⮵ṾẀ↢ˣ⸓≑炻㭼庫仢᷷ ᷣ≽斄㆟⎴₽ˣᷣ≽⸓≑⇍Ṣ䘬䴻槿ˤ⛐䓇㳣䴻槿ᷕ仢᷷⎴₽Ḻ≽炻䚠⮵䘬䣦㚫奨⮇≃ 庫⻙ˣ⮵㕤㓷奢⇍Ṣ䘬ね䵺ˣ暨㯪悥䚠⮵仢᷷傥≃炷揀㛅⬷炻2004炸ˤ忁㧋䘬⬑⫸⛐忚. 21.

(33) ℍ䎕䳂ᷕ炻庫⭡㖻忈ㆸ侩ⷓ⛐䭉㔁ᶲˣ䎕䳂䴻䆇ᶲ䘬⡻≃炻⚈㬌⬠㟉⽭枰㍐埴⑩㟤㔁做炻㔁⮶⬑⫸㬋䡢䘬⑩㟤ン⹎ˤ ! ! 䵄⎰侴妨炻⮹⫸⊾䎦尉⼙枧㔁做㶙怈炻⛐㊃䓇㕡朊炻忶⍣⚳⮷㟡㛔ᶵ暨天㊃䓇⏠⺽ ⬠䓇ℍ⬠炻Ữ㗗䎦⛐⎬⬠㟉䃉ᶵ墥ἄ㊃䓇䚳㜧炻䘤⯽⬠㟉䈡刚炻⯙㗗⾽㕘⬠⸜䎕䳂㔠㷃 ⮹炻⽭枰㷃䎕ˤ⮵侩ⷓ侴妨炻㚨⣏䘬⡻≃⯙㗗ㆸ䁢崭柵侩ⷓ炻⎎ᶨ㕡朊⮹⫸⊾ね⼊ᶳ炻 ⮷䘯ⷅˣ⮷℔ᷣ䘬䎦尉㘖念炻侩ⷓ⽭枰朊⮵ᶨ佌⛐Ṣ㟤ˣ䣦㚫䘤⯽ᶲ庫ẍ⼨ᶵㆸ䅇ˣ庫冒ㆹᷕ⽫䘬⬠䓇炻⚈㬌⛐䎕䳂䴻䆇ᶲ暨天剙䘬㗪攻䱦≃悥庫忶⼨Ἦ䘬⣂ˤ冯⭞攟㹅忂㕡朊ḇ㗗ᶨ⣏⡻≃炻⬑⫸䓇⼿⮹炻栗⼿㭼庫ᾅ嬟冒⶙䘬⬑⫸炻≈ᶲ仢᷷℞Ṿ⃬⻇⥸⥡䘬ㆸ 攟忶䦳⍲灖䁢㧁㸾⎗ὃ㭼庫炻ἧ⼿䇞㭵⮵忁ᾳ⬑⫸䘬ㆸ攟⃭㺧瀈ㄪㄖ冯㑼⽫炻᷎⮵Ṿ㉙㊩叿忶檀䘬ˣ澵灎⮎晃䘬㛇㛃炷⏛✌⹠炻2007炸ˤ. ΟǵϿηϯჹѴ௲ᙍ൑‫ޑ‬ቹៜ 忁⸦⸜⎬䓴⮵⮹⫸⊾䘬䞼䨞⤪暐⼴㗍䫵凔䘬↢䎦炻䞼䨞侭ẍ⮹⫸⊾ ㏄䳊⫿ᷚ⛐⎘ 䀋⌂䡑⢓婾㔯䞍嬀≈ῤ䲣䴙㏄⮳炻ℙ妰㈦⇘ 81 䭯⌂䡑⢓婾㔯炻℞ᷕ㚨⣂䘬㗗斄㕤⚳⮷ 䘬䞼䨞炻ℙ妰 35 䭯ˤ冯⸤䧂⚺䚠斄䘬䞼䨞炻ℙ妰 11 䭯炻⛐⸤㔁䚠斄䞼䨞ᷕ炻⣏⣂㗗ẍ 䴻䆇䭉䎮䁢䞼䨞㕡⎹炻⯂䃉ẍ⸤㔁侩ⷓ䁢䞼䨞⮵尉䘬䞼䨞ˤ⛐⮹⫸⊾䚠斄䞼䨞ᷕ炻䞼䨞㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃冯⚈ㅱ䫾䔍⁭㚱⚳⮷䘬ᶨ䭯炻℞Ṿ䘬䞼䨞䚖⇵䘮ẍ⬠㟉䴻䆇䁢ᷣ炻⚈㬌⯂ 仢᷷⮹⫸⊾忈ㆸ⸤㔁侩ⷓ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃⍲⚈ㅱ䫾䔍䚠斄䞼䨞ˤ 䞼䨞侭㔜䎮䚠斄䞼䨞炻䘤䎦⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤㔁借⟜䘬⼙枧⎗↮䁢ℑ㕡朊㍊妶炻℞ᶨ䁢⮵ ⸤⃺⚺㇨䴻䆇䘬⼙枧炻⎎ᶨ㕡朊䁢⮵⸤䧂⚺侩ⷓⶍἄ䘬⼙枧ˤ ġ ġ ġ ġ 炷ᶨ炸⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤⃺⚺㇨䴻䆇⼙枧ġ ! ġ. ⽆㔁做悐䴙妰嗽㬟⸜屯㕁栗䣢炻⬠䓇Ṣ㔠徸⸜怆㷃炻89 ⬠⸜⹎⸤䧂⚺⬠䓇Ṣ㔠忼. 243,090炻䃞侴⇘㮹⚳ 99 ⬠⸜⬠䓇Ṣ㔠⎒㚱 183,901炻⬠䓇Ṣ㔠⛐⋩⸜攻㷃⮹ 60000 ⣂Ṣ 炷㔁做悐䴙妰嗽炻2010炸炻℞ᷕ㚱 39炴䘬⸤⃺⯙嬨㕤℔䩳⸤䧂⚺炻℔䥩䩳⸤㔁㨇㥳䘬㔠. 22.

(34) 慷⍲⬠䓇Ṣ㔠䘤⯽ᶵ⛯堉炻农ἧ⸤㔁䘬䘤⯽⍿⇘⼙枧ˤ ġ ġ 䞼䨞侭㔜䎮⎬㔯䌣⮯⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤䧂⚺㇨䴻䆇㇨忈ㆸ䘬⼙枧䳘婾⤪ᶳ烉 1.⬠䓇Ṣ㔠㷃⮹炻⸤䧂⚺䴻䆇⚘暋 ⮹⫸⊾⍿⇘㚨䚜㍍⼙枧䘬⯙㗗⬠䓇⮹炻㊃䓇ᶵ㖻ˤ役Ḽ⸜Ἦ⸤䧂⚺⬠䓇Ṣ㔠⶚⽆ 2003 ⸜䘬 16 叔 6464 Ṣ炻㷃军⍣⸜䘬 11 叔 2239 Ṣ烊⭞㔠ḇ⽆ 2003 ⸜䘬 1948 ⭞炻㷃军 ⍣⸜䘬 1651 ⭞炻Ḽ⸜ℏᶨℙᾺḮ 297 ⭞炻⸛⛯ᶨ⸜斄攨 60 ⭞炷劫㥖曾炻2009炸 ˤ⚾ 2-2-1 栗䣢↢ 89 ⬠濜灏军 100 ⬠濜灏⎬⬠濜灏⸤䧂⚺⬠䓇Ṣ㔠炻⼰㖶栗䘬㷃⮹⮯役 150,000 ⎵⸤䧂⚺⬠䓇炻⎬⸤䧂⚺⛐忁㧋晒ら䘬䑘⠫ᷕ㯪䓇⬀炻㚜栗↢则暋ˤ. 461-111!. ᏢғΓኧ!. 411-111! 361-111! 311-111! 261-111! 211-111! 61-111! 1! 9:! :1! :2! :3! :4! :5! :6! :7! :8! :9! ::! 211!212!213!214!215! Ꮲԃࡋ!. ⚾ 2-2-1ġ ℓ⋩ḅ⬠濜灏军ᶨ䘦⬠濜灏⎬⬠濜灏⸤䧂⚺⬠䓇Ṣ㔠屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉㔁做悐䴙妰嗽炷2011炸ġ. 2.⁛䴙䴻䆇㧉⺷⍿⇘侫槿炻暨∝㕘䴻䆇 ġ ġ ⛐䴻䆇ᶲ炻䴻䆇⚺㇨天㚜嵐㕤䲣䴙⊾ˣ䳬䷼⿏炻㚱⇍㕤ẍ⼨䘬⁛䴙䴻䆇㧉⺷ˤ哉䲼 ⦧炷2007炸⮵⸤⃺⍇∝㕘䴻䆇㍸↢⺢嬘烉⮇奢ⶪ⟜暨㯪ˣ⚈ㅱ⮹⫸⊾㓰ㅱˣ∝忈⃒⊊䪞䇕≃ˣ⎰᷶⸤㈀㔜⎰㕡⎹ˤ䎦⛐䴻䆇⸤䧂⚺⶚ᶵ⁷忶⼨炻⎒天⮯㔁⬠ ↢⎋䠹炻⭞ᷕㇳ. 23.

(35) 嵛奒⍳㚫两临⯙嬨炻⭞攟冒䃞㚫⎋俛䚠⁛炻Ữ⛐⮹⫸⊾䘬䎦尉ᶳ炻⬠䓇Ṣ㔠⮹炻℔䥩䩳 ⸤⃺⚺㇨䛦⣂炻㍸ὃ䘬㚵⊁㤕グἮグ⣂⃫炻⛐⎴埴䪞䇕ᶳ⸤⃺⚺㇨㍸ὃ䘬㔁ᾅ㚵⊁天㚜嵐⎹䱦䶣⊾ˣ⣂⃫⊾炻᷎⣂⇑䓐䣦⋨屯㸸⺢䩳冯⭞攟ˣ䣦⋨䘬⣍Ờ斄Ὢ炻≈⻟䴻䆇䭉䎮冯㊃䓇㕡朊䘬䫾䔓炻ㇵ傥攳∝㚱⇑䘬⯨朊炷湫䥨䪗炻2010炸ˤ 3.⮹⫸⊾䎦尉Ὣἧ⸤䧂⚺⣂奺䴻䆇 ġ ġ ⚈⬠䓇Ṣ㔠グἮグ⮹炻㭷⸜㊃䓇Ṣ㔠ᶵ⍲䔊㤕Ṣ㔠炻⚈㬌姙⣂⸤㈀⚺㇨炻⛐䴻䆇⡻ ≃ᶳ炻嵐⎹⣂奺⊾䴻䆇炻⛐㟫⚺單䪡悱⯙㚱䴻䆇 18 ⸜䘬⸤䧂⚺炻⚈⇵ℑ⸜䘬䥹㈨℔⎠ 䃉啒`⼙枧炻⬠䓇䝔攻㳩⣙炻㓡㍉⣂奺⊾䴻䆇炻㕘攳⣄攻楸ⓙ䘬⹕⚺␾┉棐炻⚺ℏ彚⟜ 攳㓦曚䆇炻楔ˣ伲ὃ榶Ḁ⍲棝梲炻⏠⺽悥㚫⋨忲⭊炻ㇻ㓿ᶵ㘗㯋炷屰⮞㤈炻2008)ˤ⚈ ㅱ⮹⫸⊾ˣ⃺䄏㱽䘬⮎㕥炻姙⣂㈀⃺㇨㤕侭攳⥳㏞㓣㺧㚰军Ḵ㬚䘬㈀做ⶪ⟜炻㺧嵛暁啒 ⭞⹕䘬暨㯪炷揀㬎忼炻2011)ˤᶵ婾㗗⸤䧂⚺ㆾ㗗㈀⃺㇨炻㖑⶚攳⥳⎹ᶳ⺞Ỡ㏞㓣㈀⫘ ⶪ⟜炻ㆾ侭㗗⎹ᶲ⺞Ỡ炻彎䎮婚⼴⬱奒炻⮹⫸⊾ἧ⼿⸤⃺⚺㇨䘬䴻䆇グ嵐⣂奺⊾ˣ墯暄 ⊾ˤ ġ ġ ġ ġ 炷Ḵ炸⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ⼙枧ġ ġ ġ 役⸜Ἦ㳩㴒㔁ⷓ嬘柴炻㭷⛐㔁ⷓ䒬娎侫⬋䘣⟜㗪⯙塓䅙䁰妶婾炻䃞侴炻⎘䀋㇨➡做 ᷳ⸤㔁侩ⷓ傥䘤㎖㇨攟䘬㭼䌯ᶵ檀炻⛐借䌯⎒㚱 37炴炷傉㶭㘱炻2010炸ˤ傥侫ᶲ℔借䘬 ⸤㔁侩ⷓ⍰㗗⮹㔠炻⣏悐↮ṵ㗗⛐䥩䩳⚺㇨ả借炻侴䥩䩳⚺㇨䘬暊借䌯⍰檀㕤℔䩳⚺㇨炻 ᷣ天⍇⚈㗗啒屯䤷⇑ⶖˣⶍἄ屈匟⣏炷昛⿉曾炻2009炸炻忁㧋䘬ᶵ列ⶍἄ䑘⠫炻嬻⼰⣂ 䥩⸤侩ⷓ廱侫℔⸤ˣ℔⸤侫ᶵᶲ廱㎃借⟜炻⮶农⎰㟤㔁ⷓ㳩⣙炻⸤㔁⑩岒列午ᶵ滲ˤ ġ ġ ⇘䚖⇵䁢㬊᷎䃉ảỽ䞼䨞㗗憅⮵⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤㔁侩ⷓ忈ㆸ䘬⡻≃忚埴䞼䨞炻⚈㬌炻䞼䨞侭憅⮵㇨吸普⇘䘬䚠斄䞼䨞婾㔯炻忚埴屯㕁㔜䎮ㆸ堐 2-2-2 ⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁ⷓⶍἄ䘬⼙枧ˤ. 24.

(36) 堐 2-2-2 ⮹⫸⊾⮵㔁ⷓⶍἄ䘬⼙枧䞼䨞侭(⸜ẋ). 婾㔯⎵䧙. ⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ䘬⼙枧. ᶩ㚰㡐(2010). ⎘䀋⮹⫸⊾嵐⊊⮵䥩. ⮹⫸⊾䑘⠫ᶳ炻䇞㭵⛐㔁做䎮⾝⏰䎦ˬᶨ↯⤥. 䩳⸤⃺㔁做㨇㥳䴻䆇. 䘬ㆹ䘬⬑⫸ℐ天炻㇨ẍᶵ䭉䓂湤ㆹ悥⎗ẍ. 䫾䔍ᷳ⼙枧ˤ. 䴎˭烊侴⛐⮵㕤㔁做㨇斄䘬暨㯪ᶲ炻⇯ẍˬ天㯪ℐ傥⸓Ṿ忼ㆸ栀㛃˭ἄ↢䘤溆ˤ. 唕Ἓ䲼ˣ吋㖕. ⮹⫸⊾䎦尉⮵⚳⮷㔁. ⮹⫸⊾炻ᶵ㖻忚埴佌⿏㳣≽ˤ. 劙ˣ湫⬿栗. 做䘤⯽ᷳ⼙枧⍲℞⚈. (2009). ㅱ⮵䫾. 㜿⹕䌱ˣ㣲㶆. 䥩䩳⸤⃺⚺⚈ㅱˬ⮹. 1.⸤㔁ⷓⶍἄ慷⡆⣂炻䤷⇑ˣ啒屯⌣ᶵ夳⡆. ᷆(2009). ⫸⊾˭嵐⊊ᷳ䞼䨞. ≈ˤ2.⸤㔁ⷓὃ忶㕤㯪 3.⭞攟⮵ᾅ做ˣ㔁做⑩岒天㯪崲Ἦ崲檀. 哉所㳍(2008). 娡渿䍚(2007). ⮹⫸⊾嵐⊊⮵㔁做橼. 1.㔁ⷓ仢柵⮹. 䲣䘬堅㑲冯⚈ㅱ. 2.䚜⋯㨇䇞㭵忈ㆸ⸤⃺䣦㚫Ḻ≽傥≃ⶖˤ. ⸤䧂⚺䴻䆇朊冐⮹⫸. 㔁ⷓ暨天⣏慷⛐借忚ᾖ炻ẍ朊⮵⮹⫸⊾䎦尉ᶳ. ⊾⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ᷳ婧㞍䞼. ⭞攟䘬⣂䧖暨㯪⍲⸤⃺䘬⎬䧖䘤⯽⍲䣦㚫Ḻ. 䨞~ẍ⼘⊾䷋䁢ἳ. ≽⓷柴ˤ. 炷临ᶳ枩炸. 25.

(37) 䞼䨞侭(⸜ẋ). 婾㔯⎵䧙. ⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ䘬⼙枧. ⼸㖶䎈(2006). ⮹⫸⊾㗪ẋ 㔁做ㅱ. 1.⬠䓇䔘岒⊾⡆≈炻㔁ⷓ奒借ⶍἄ䷩慵ˤ. 㚱䘬⮵䫾冯埴≽. 2.⸤䧂⚺㇨Ὰ攱炻㔁ⷓⶍἄ㨇㚫㷃⮹ˤ. ˬ⮹⫸⊾˭⮵⚳㮹㔁. ⸤䧂⚺⍲ᷕ⮷⬠⶚㘖念㚱㊃䓇ᶵ嵛䘬䎦尉炻㔁. 做䎦⟜䘬⼙枧ᷳ䞼䨞. ⷓⶍἄ㨇㚫晐ᷳ㷃⮹ˤ. 昛伶⏃(2006). 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮. 䵄⎰ᶲ堐炻䞼䨞侭⺞Ỡ㔯䌣⮵㔁ⷓⶍἄ⼙枧ℏ⭡炻⮯⮹⫸⊾⮵⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ䘬⎗傥⼙枧 ↢⸦溆⼁㔜⤪ᶳ烉 1.⬠䓇㷃⮹炻ⶍἄᶵᾅ ⚈䁢⬠䓇Ṣ㔠䘬⿍∯ᶳ旵炻䷖䎕ˣ㷃䎕⡻≃⣏ˤ㚱斄╖ỵ怚怚ᶵ栀旵Ỷⷓ䓇㭼ἳ炻⼰⣂℔䩳⸤䧂⚺朊冐㷃䎕ˣ⺊㟉䘬⡻≃炻䥩䩳⚺㇨㚜ẍ㊃䓇䁢侫䷦姽慷㧁㸾炻⸤㔁侩 ⷓ朊冐ˬ㤕䷦˭⡻≃炻⎒天㚱㨇㚫晐㗪゛廱㎃嵹忻ˤ 2.⚺㇨䴻屣㊖㌖炻䤷⇑啒屯ⶖ ⸤⃺Ṣ㔠㷃⮹炻⚺㇨䴻屣㊖㌖炻椾䔞℞堅㱽⯙㗗䱦䯉Ṣḳ炻᷎旵Ỷ⍇㚱䘬䤷⇑⍲ 啒屯炷⻝⬅䬈炻2006炸ˤ䁢Ḯ℟㚱䪞䇕≃炻㭼ẍ⼨㚜慵夾⭋⁛ˣ㔁⬠炻侩ⷓ䘬ⶍἄ慷㭼忶⍣Ἦ䘬⣂炻Ữ㗗⚆棳⌣ᶵㆸ㬋㭼ˤ 3.⭞攟忶⹎斄㲐⫸⤛炻ⷠ㚱忶⹎天㯪 ⮹⫸⊾忈ㆸ⭞攟䘬㲐シ≃⬴ℐ普ᷕ⛐ᶨᾳ⬑⫸幓ᶲ炻⭞攟⮵⬑⫸㚫忶⹎䘬␝嬟ˣ⮝ ッ炻⮵⬠㟉ḇ㚫㚱忶⹎䘬天㯪炷ỽ慹憅ˣⒸ䑥よ炻2006炸ˤ⚈㬌炻㔁ⷓ䘬ⶍἄ䭬⚵グ⣏炻㊹㇘⿏⡆≈炻Ờ晐侴Ἦ䘬ⶍἄ慷␴⡻≃ḇ嶇叿ᶲ⋯ˤ⭞攟忶㕤⮝ッ∅⤒⬑⫸⬠佺䘬㪲⇑炻䇞㭵忶㕤ᾅ嬟⫸⤛炻䔞⬑⫸☸娎⍣⿅侫ㆾ☸娎拗婌䘬㗪῁炻䇞㭵奒⯙㚫ṳℍ炻∅⤒⮷⬑ 䌐䩳⬠佺䘬㨇㚫炷惕㭻暾炻2004炸ˤ⎎⢾炻⭞墉Ḻ≽䘬ㇳ嵛⮹炻ℵ≈ᶲ⬠㟉䎕䳂Ṣ㔠グ. 26.

(38) Ἦグ⮹炻⚈㬌⬑⫸庫忶⼨仢᷷冯⎴₽Ḻ≽䘬㨇㚫炻⭡㖻忈ㆸṢ㟤ᶲ䘬ῷⶖ炻㜿⬇坊⛐ 2009 ⸜䘬䞼䨞䘤䎦䌐䓇⫸⤛㭼朆䌐䓇⫸⤛⭡㖻↢䎦ὅ岜䘬䣦㚫埴䁢ˤ 4.㕘⎘䀋ᷳ⫸㭼ἳ檀炻㔁做ℏ⭡暨㚜⣂⃫ ℏ㓧悐⛐ 2003 ⸜㊯↢炻⎘救⛘⋨㕘䓇⃺Ṣ㔠ℙ妰 24 叔 7 ⋫ 530 Ṣ炻℞ᷕ⢾䯵冯ᷕ ⚳⣏映惵„㇨䓇䘬⫸⤛⯙㚱 3 叔 833 Ṣ炻Ỽ䷥㭼ἳ䘬 12.46%炷啃㈧㲘炻2003炸ˤ侴⢾ 惵䘬⎎ᶨ⋲⇘⎘䀋⼴炻⼨⼨㚫㚱䓇㳣ˣ㔯⊾ˣ婆妨ᶲ䘬怑ㅱ⓷柴炻⺞Ỡ侴Ἦ䘬⯙㗗⬑⫸ 䘬㔁做⓷柴ẍ⍲⭞⹕娵⎴⓷柴炻⚈㬌⸤㔁侩ⷓ昌Ḯ天℟⁁ᶨ凔䘬㔁⬠傥≃ᷳ⢾炻怬天℟ ⁁列⤥䘬⣂⃫㔯⊾䘬㔁做㤪⾝炻ㇵ傥㚜≈⊅ả㔁借炷ⶓ揀懜炻2008炸ˤ 朊冐⮹⫸⊾䘬Ἦ多炻⸤䧂⚺㇨⛐䴻䆇ᶲ㭼崟忶⼨㚜℟墯暄⿏炻ḇ㚜⻟婧⬴㔜ᶼℐ朊⿏䘬䴻䆇䫾䔍ˣ䘤⯽⬠㟉䈡刚ˣ㍸ὃ㚜⣂⃫㚵⊁炻忁栗䣢↢䎦⛐䘬⸤䧂⚺䴻䆇⣏ᶵ㖻烊侴⮵⸤㔁侩ⷓ䘬⼙枧炻椾天䘬⯙㗗ⶍἄ㨇㚫䘬㷃⮹炻ℵἮ⯙㗗ⶍἄℏ⭡㚜≈䷩慵ˣ㚜墯暄⊾炻⚺㇨䁢Ḯ㺧嵛⭞攟䘬暨㯪炻⼨⼨㚫⮯屔ả≈媠⛐㔁ⷓ幓ᶲ炻忁ḇ嬻⸤㔁ⶍἄ䑘⠫ 栗⼿㚜则彃炻㔁ⷓ暨天⃭⮎㚜⣂䘬⮰㤕㈨傥ẍ⍲㹅忂㈨ⶏˤ. 27.

(39) ಃΟ࿯. πբᓸΚᆶӢᔈ฼ౣ. 㛔䭨嫡⯙⚳ℏ⢾䚠斄㔯䌣忚埴㔯䌣㍊妶ˤ㛔䭨ℙ↮䁢ᶱ悐↮䫔ᶨ悐↮婒㖶ⶍἄ⡻≃ 䘬䎮婾➢䢶炻䫔Ḵ悐↮㍊妶⸤㔁侩ⷓ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃炻㚨⼴㍊妶ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⚈ㅱ䫾䔍ˤ. ΋ǵπբᓸΚ‫ޑ‬౛ፕ୷ᘵ 炷ᶨ炸⡻≃䘬⭂佑ġ ṢᾹ⛐䓇㳣ᷕ⣂⮹㚫㚱ᶨṃ⡻≃炻忁ṃ⡻≃⎗傥Ἦ冒䓇㳣ˣ婚㤕ˣㆾ侭㗗ⶍἄ炻⡻ ≃忁⎵娆ἧ䓐䘬朆ⷠ⺋㲃炻シ佑ḇ⯙朆ⷠ⣂⃫ˤ㛔䞼䨞㇨㊯䘬⡻≃㗗㊯ᾳ橼⛐朊⮵⎬䧖 ⢾⛐䘬ḳẞˣ天㯪ㆾ⇢㽨㗪⚈㛔幓冲㚱䘬䴻槿ˣ娵䞍ˣ傥≃䃉㱽怑ㅱ㗪炻⺽崟⽫䎮ㆾ䓇䎮ᶲ䓊䓇䵲⻝ˣ⍿⇘⦩傭䫱屈朊ね䵺⍵ㅱ炷㛶㵹屆炻2007炸ˤ ⎬⬠侭⮵⡻≃⭂佑ᶵ䚉䚠⎴炻䞼䨞侭㔜䎮⎬⬠侭⮵ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑⤪堐 2-3-1 ⡻≃ 䘬⭂佑ˤ. 28.

(40) 堐 2-3-1 ⡻≃䘬⭂佑 ⡻≃⭂佑. ⬠侭(⸜⹎) 㛶㵹屆炷2007炸. ᾳ橼⛐朊⮵⢾⛐䑘⠫䘬⎬枭ḳẞˣ天㯪ㆾ⇢㽨㗪炻⚈㛔幓冲㚱䘬䴻槿ˣ娵䞍ˣ傥≃䃉㱽怑ㅱ㗪炻⺽崟⽫䎮ㆾ䓇䎮ᶲ䓊䓇䵲⻝ ⍿⇘⦩傭䫱屈朊ね䵺⍵ㅱ炻⽭枰慵㕘婧怑䘬䎦尉炻Ữ㬌䎦尉㚫 ⚈Ṣ㟤䈡岒䘬ᶵ⎴㚱㇨ⶖ䔘ˤ. 湫㵹⩮炷2004). 䔞⢾⛐䘬䧖䧖天㯪嶇ᾳ橼ℏ⛐䘬㖊㚱傥≃䃉㱽忼⇘⸛堉䉨ン炻 ἧᾳ橼デ⇘䵲⻝ㆾ⦩傭デ炻⚈侴䓊䓇屈朊䘬ね䵺冯幓⽫㕡朊䘬 ᶵ怑ˤ. 㛶卩卩炷2003炸. ᾳ橼朊冐⢾⛐䑘⠫⇢㽨㗪炻䓙㕤ᾳ橼䘬傥慷ᶵ⟒屈匟㇨怕忯䘬ね⼊炻忈ㆸᾳ橼ℏ⛐幓⽫䃎ㄖˣᶵ冺㚵䘬デ奢䧙ᷳˤ. 㛶䍇䍚炷2004). ⡻≃Ὢ㊯ᾳ橼冯䑘⠫Ḻ≽ᶳ炻ᾳ橼⛐朊⮵℞㖊㚱䴻槿ˣṢ㟤䈡⿏ˣ娵䞍㬟䦳䃉㱽㚱㓰⚈ㅱᷳᶳ炻忚侴䓊䓇䓇䎮ㆾ⽫䎮䘬屈⎹ ね䵺デ⍿冯䵲⻝䉨ンˤ. 㜿䍓䍚炷2004炸. ⡻≃㗗ᾳ橼朊⮵⢾⛐⇢㽨㗪炻ᾳ橼䘬ℏ⛐暨㯪ˣℏ⛐屯㸸⍲幓⽫䘬⍵ㅱ屈匟傥≃炻悥䃉㱽冯⢾⛐⇢㽨Ḻ䁢⸛堉㗪炻⯙㚫䓊䓇 ⡻≃ˤ. 昛ἑ㰅炷2002). ᾳ橼忯⇘⡻≃⚈⫸㗪炻忈ㆸね䵺ᶲ䖃劎䘬屈朊⍵ㅱ᷎⮵⇍Ṣ䓊䓇ᶵᾉ岜ˣ㉺䳽ˣㅌ⾺⍲ㄪ櫙ᷳᶨ䧖䵲⻝䉨ンˤ. ⻝㗍冰炷2002). ⡻≃㗗ᶨ䧖ᾳ橼⍿⇘䓇䎮ᶲㆾ䱦䤆ᶲデ⍿⇘⦩傭㗪䘬䵲⻝䉨ン炻㬌䧖䵲⻝䉨ン㚫ἧᾳ橼䓊䓇ᶵケ⾓䓂军䖃劎䘬デ⍿ˤ. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮 ġ ġ. 29.

(41) 䞼䨞侭㟡㒂ᶲ徘⮵⡻≃䘬⭂佑炻⛐㬌⮯㛔䞼䨞䘬⡻≃⭂佑䁢ᾳ橼⛐朊冐⢾⛐䘬⇢㽨ˣ ḳẞ㗪炻ᾳ橼䘬冲䴻槿ˣ傥≃䃉㱽屈匟侴忈ㆸ䘬⽫䎮⍲䓇䎮ᶲ䘬⍵ㅱ炻忁ṃ⍵ㅱ⊭⏓䃎ㄖˣ㋓㉀ˣ⡻㈹䫱ˤ⚈㬌ㆹᾹ⎗ẍḮ妋炻䔞ᶨᾳ㔁ⷓデ⍿⇘㤝⣏䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃炻䓊䓇忁ṃ 屈朊ね䵺㗗⼰⭡㖻⼙枧⇘ⶍἄ堐䎦䘬炻忁ḇ㗗䞼䨞侭゛天Ḯ妋䘬ℏ⭡ˤ 炷Ḵ炸ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑ġ ⶍἄ⡻≃㗗䔞⇵㔁做㓡朑ᷕᶨᾳ慵天䘬婚柴炻姙⣂⬠侭⮵ⶍἄ⡻≃ḇ㚱ᶵ⎴䘬妋慳冯⭂佑炻䞼䨞侭憅⮵ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑㔜䎮⤪ᶳ堐ˤ. 堐2-3-2 ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑䞼䨞侭(⸜ấ). ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑. 嫅㵹䎢炷2010炸. ⛐ⶍἄ㗪䓊䓇䘬⡻≃䧙䁢ⶍἄ⡻≃ˤ. ∱⥁䛇炷2003炸. ᾳṢ䃉㱽屈匟䣦㚫䑘⠫ㆾ冒ㆹ天㯪炻䓊䓇䵲⻝ˣㅌ⾺ˣ 䃎ㄖˣ㋓㉀ˣ劎゙䫱ね䵺忁ṃ⍵ㅱ㓡嬲ᾳṢ䘬䓇䎮冯⽫䎮䉨ン炻⺽崟幓⽫㕡朊䘬㎵⭛䧙䁢ⶍἄ⡻≃ˤ. 㜿Ἓ呱炷2002炸. ⶍἄ⡻濘⇯㗗⚈䁢ⶍἄ⚈䳈㇨⺽崟䓇瀲⍲⽫瀲ᶲ澵⸛堉䘬ᶨ䧖䵲⻝灈ン炻侴ἧᾳṢ奢⼿⍿⇘㝸䧖䦳灏ㆾ䧖瀞䘬 ⦩傭炻䓊䓇屈朊䘬ね䵺⍵ㅱˤ. ⻝䥨濻炷2001炸ˤ. ⶍἄ⡻濘㗗㚱斄ⶍἄ䘬⚈䳈冯ⶍἄ㛔幓ṌḺἄ䓐ᷳ⼴炻 ⶍἄ侭⽫瀲ˣ䓇瀲灈㱩ῷ瀸㬋ⷠ≇傥䘬ね㱩 ˤ. Steers炷1998炸. ⶍἄ⡻≃㗗㊯ᾳ橼⛐ⶍἄね⠫ᷕ朊冐ⶍἄ䈡⿏䓊䓇䘬⦩ 傭⺽䘤屈朊ね䵺ˤ 炷临ᶳ枩炸. 30.

(42) 䞼䨞侭(⸜ấ). ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑. ⏛⬿䩳炷1996炸. ⛐ⶍἄ㗪ㆾ冯ⶍἄ䚠斄䘬ね⠫ᶲ䓊䓇⡻≃䧙䁢ⶍἄ⡻≃. 哉䑏䃴炷1989炸. ⶍἄ⡻≃ᷣ天㗗㊯⛐ⶍἄね⠫ᷕ㇨㈧⍿䘬⡻≃炻⮵㕤ⶍ ἄᶲ塓岎Ḱ䘬天㯪ˣ借屔デ⍿⇘⡻≃炻⊭⏓⛐ⶍἄᷕ㇨䓊䓇䘬屈朊デね炻⤪䃎ㄖˣ㋓㉀ˣ⡻≃䫱ˤ. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䞼䨞侭冒埴㔜䎮. 䵄⎰ᶲ徘炻㛔䞼䨞⮯ⶍἄ⡻≃⭂佑䁢炻⛐ⶍἄ䘬ね⠫ᶳㆾ㗗ⶍἄ奺刚ᶲ㇨デ⍿⇘ 䘬⡻≃䧙ᷳ䁢ⶍἄ⡻≃炻侴⤪ᶲ堐㇨徘ⶍἄ⡻≃㇨忈ㆸ䘬ね䵺⣏悐↮㗗屈朊ね䵺ˣ䃎ㄖ䘬ˣ劎゙䘬炻䃞侴炻⛐ⶍἄᷕデ⍿⇘ⶍἄ⡻≃炻悥㗗䃉䙲䘬╶烎ẍSelye炷1983炸䘬⡻≃ ↮栆㍐婾ᷳ炻Selye炷1983炸㈲⡻≃↮䁢:列⿏䘬⡻≃(good stress)ˣᶵ⤥ˣ䖃劎䘬⡻≃炷bad stress炸 ˣ忶⹎䘬⡻≃炷over stress炸 ˣ冯忶Ỷ䘬⡻≃炷under stress炸⚃䧖⡻≃炷湫佑列炻1999炸 ˤ 䞼䨞侭⮯℞㍐婾军ⶍἄ⡻≃↮㜸⤪ᶳ烉 1.列⿏䘬⡻≃烉⎗ẍἧⶍἄ侭⛐怑䔞䘬⡻≃ᶳ堐䎦↢ㅱ㚱䘬屔ảˣ㈽ℍ炻᷎⮵冒⶙ 䘬ⶍἄㆸ⯙㚱㇨㛇⼭ˤ 2.䖃劎䘬⡻≃烉忶⣂䘬⡻≃炻嬻Ṣ䃉㱽㈧⍿炻㖻䓊䓇廱㎃嵹忻ㆾ㎃ⶍἄ䘬⾝柕炻⼰ ⭡㖻䓊䓇幓⽫䎮䘬䕦䕭ˤ 3.忶⹎䘬⡻≃烉ⶍἄ⡻≃ἧṢ䓊䓇䖃劎䘬屈朊ねデ炻㚱㗪㚫徫性ⶍἄ炻Ữ⎗啱䓙怑䔞䘬廱㎃㨇⇞婧怑冒⶙ℵ⹎忚ℍⶍἄね⠫炻劍䃉㱽婧怑⇯⭡㖻䳗䧵ㆸ忶䖃劎䘬⡻≃⼙枧幓⽫‍⹟ˤ 4.忶Ỷ䘬⡻≃烉ⶍἄ⡻≃⣒⮹炻嬻Ṣ⮵ⶍἄ㍸ᶵ崟≩炻㰺㚱㊹㇘⿏炻ḇ㰺㚱ㆸ⯙デ炻庫⭡㖻↢䎦⛐㖍⽑ᶨ㖍慵墯≽ἄᶵ暨剙屣⽫⿅䘬ⶍἄˤ ḇ⯙㗗婒怑慷䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃㚫⮵䓇䓊≃ˣⶍἄ㓰傥㚱㤝⣏⸓≑炻䃞侴忶⹎䘬⡻≃⇯㚫忈ㆸⶍἄᶲ䘬䕚᷷炻ᶵ嵛䘬⡻≃㚫嬻Ṣ゘⿏ᶵ≽ˣ⬱㕤䎦䉨炻⤪⚾2-3-1ˤ. 31.

(43) ғ 䓊䓇㚨⣏ 䓇䓊≃ ౢ. Κ. ⬱㕤䎦䉨. 䕚᷷. ᓸ ⚾2-3-1. Κ. Ṇ䔞㕗炼⡻≃ˣ䓇䓊≃冯䕚᷷䘬斄Ὢ⚾. 屯㕁Ἦ㸸烉䌳䳈剠炷1992炸ˤ⚳⮷㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃冯῎⿈デᷳ㍊妶炻㔁做䞼䨞暁㚰↲炻ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ ġ 27炻16ˤ ! ! ⤪ᶲ⚾㇨䣢炻怑⹎䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃炻⎗ẍ忈⯙庫檀䘬䓇䓊≃炻䃞侴䔞ⶍἄ⡻≃忶Ỷ炻⎗ 傥㚫嬻Ṣ⭡㖻䓊䓇⿈゘ᶵ⇵炻⬱㕤䎦㱩䘬䉨㱩炻⮶农䓇䓊≃忶Ỷˤ⮵㔁ⷓ侴妨炻怑䔞䘬 ⶍἄ⡻≃⎗ẍ嬻㔁⬠䱦忚ˣᾳṢ傥≃㍸⋯炻䃞侴忶⣂䘬⡻≃⎗傥㚫忈ㆸⶍἄ῎⿈炻䓂军䓊䓇暊借ˣ廱借シ栀炻侩ⷓ䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃⣏ᶵ⁭⁭㚫旵Ỷ⬠䓇⬠佺㓰㝄炻⎗傥㚫ἧ㔁ⷓン ⹎䓙䧵㤝ˣ䅙⾙ˣ廱䁢䔷暊ˣㅌᶾ⩱὿炻䓂军暊攳㔁借ˣ⸚㒦⭞⹕䓇㳣炷Westman,2001炸ˤ ⚈㬌ㆹᾹ⽭枰Ḯ妋⛐⮹⫸⊾䎦尉ᶳ侩ⷓ㇨朊冐⇘䘬⡻≃ẍ⍲⼙枧℞⡻≃䘬⚈䳈炻ẍ㛇㷃 Ỷ℞ⶍἄ⡻≃炻嬻ㆹᾹ䘬⸤㔁ⶍἄ䑘⠫㚜伶⤥ˤ 炷ᶱ炸ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⍵ㅱġ 忶⹎䘬ⶍἄ⡻≃㗗⚈䁢ⶍἄᶲ䘬ね⠫忈ㆸ冒ㆹ䓇䎮ㆾ⽫䎮ᶲ⣙婧䘬ᶨ䧖䎦尉ˤ䎦ẋ Ṣ䓙㕤ⶍἄ忶慷炻攟㗪攻㈧⍿ⶐ⣏⡻≃炻⎗傥⺽䘤ㄪ櫙䕯䫱⽫䎮䕯䉨炻䓊䓇冒㭢⾝柕炻忁ḇ㗗忶⊆⮶农㬣ṉ䘬ᷣ天⍇⚈ᷳᶨ炷㛶所㜘炻2011炸 ˤ⎘⣏慓⬠昊䱦䤆䥹㙐䣦㚫慓⬠. 32.

(44) 䥹㔁㌰㛶㖶㾙↮㜸炻䃎ㄖ䕯ˣㄪ櫙䕯䘬䘤䓇␴橼岒ˣ怢⁛悥㚱斄炻Ữ崭忶70%悥㗗Ἦ冒借⟜ㆾⶍἄ⡻≃炷㜿ι⤫ˣ嫅㖶䍚炻2011炸 ˤ Robbin⛐1989⸜⮯忶⹎ⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⍵ㅱ㬠䲵ㆸᶱ栆烉 1.䓇䎮㕡朊烉⡻≃⮶农㕘昛ẋ嫅嬲⊾炻⽫嶛≈⾓ˣ␤⏠⿍Ὣˣ埨⡻⋯檀炻⍲⃵䕓䲣䴙⓷柴䫱ˤ 2.⽫䎮㕡朊烉䵲⻝ˣ䃎ㄖˣ㖻⾺ˣ⮵ⶍἄᶵ㺧䫱ˤ 3.埴䁢㕡朊烉⊭㊔ⶍἄ㓰傥䘬旵Ỷˣ⡻㈹ˣ暊借ˣ徫性ˣ徨䷖ˣ㉥厠ˣ╅惺ˣ䜉䛈䘬ᶵ夷⼳⍵ㅱ䫱炷㳒䍚勡炻2002炸 ˤ. ΒǵѴ௲Դৣ‫ޑ‬πբᓸΚ 㔁做ᷫ⚳⭞䘦⸜⣏妰炻⸤䧂㔁做㚜㗗⚳⭞㔁做䘬➢䞛炻⸤䧂⚺㔁ⷓ⮵ⶍἄ䘬㈽ℍ㗗㰢⭂⸤㔁⑩岒䘬慵天㊯㧁炻䃞侴⼰⣂䞼䨞㊯↢炻⸤䧂⚺㔁ⷓ䘬暊借䌯庫℞Ṿ借㤕檀炻㟡㒂㜿ἑ呱⛐1991䘬婧㞍栗䣢炻⎘䀋⛘⋨⸤䧂⚺㔁ⷓ㚱22.7%゛天㎃ⶍἄ炻役⸜Ἦ⮵㕤⸤ 䧂⚺㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䞼䨞䘤䎦⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䁢ᷕ⹎ㆾᷕ檀⹎炷嫅㵹⏃炻2010烊㜿⽿ㆸ 2007烊挦⽿⽆炻2004烊昛䎖㰅炻2002炸 ˤ⸤㔁侩ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃⣏炻⮵㔁⬠⑩岒㚱⼰⣏䘬⼙枧炻忁悐↮䘬䡢㚱䞼䨞䘬⽭天ˤ 炷ᶨ炸㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑ġ 㚱斄㔁ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䘬䞼䨞⛐1970⸜⼴⯙攳⥳㸏䎦炻䞼䨞㔜冒埴㔜䎮ᶵ⎴䞼䨞侭⮵㔁 ⷓⶍἄ⡻≃䘬⭂佑⤪堐2-3-3烉. 33.