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含 1,3-環己二烯的有機染料敏化太陽能電池

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(1)國 立 台 灣 師 範 大 學 化 學 系 化學研究所 碩士論文. 含 1,3-環己二烯的有機染料敏化太陽能電池 Dipolar Organic Dyes Containing 1,3-Cyclohexadiene for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. 研 究 生:林佑昕 撰 指導教授:葉名倉 博士 孫世勝 博士. 中華民國 102 年 6 月.

(2) 謝誌 首先,感謝孫世勝博士和葉名倉博士兩位指導教授在我碩士班求學階段的指 導與關心。還記得第一次報告 paper 時,花了超久的時間準備,整整抄了一整 頁 A4 紙的大抄,上台時完全忘了內容在講什麼,只能看著稿子念,冒了整身 冷汗,但在每次的報告中,孫老師總是不厭其煩的教導我 DSSCs 的原理,讓我 從一開始完全不懂 DSSCs 到現在能夠順利完成碩士學位,上台時也能夠從容的 將 paper 介紹出來,不僅讓我在知識上有所成長,還使我增進了表達能力,台 風也更加穩健。同時,感謝所有論文口試老師用心幫我修改錯字及論文內容,使 本論文能順利完成。 在實驗路上感謝李協融學長用心的教導,教我如何使用真空系統,純化及尋 找文獻,在我遇到合成上的困難時,總是幫我想出各種解決方法,讓我在迷失中 總能找到出口,同時,也扮演了有機反應機構老師,在學校課程中遇到問題時, 給予我幫助、解答。染料元件測試方面要感謝廖家偉學長,非常辛苦的幫我組裝 元件,也要謝謝蘇煒林學長幫忙完成的理論計算,讓我能順利完成論文。 感謝孫世勝教授實驗室所有學長姐、同學、學弟妹,讓我在研究生兩年生活 裡感到溫暖,過得充實又開心,再次謝謝各位的陪伴跟老師的教導,希望實驗室 可以越來越成長茁壯啦~~~~~啾咪^^.

(3) 目錄 目錄 ........................................................................................................................... i 圖目錄 ..................................................................................................................... iii 表目錄 ...................................................................................................................... v 中文摘要 ................................................................................................................. vi Abstract ................................................................................................................... vii 第一章. 緒論 ............................................................................................... 1. 1-1. 前言 ............................................................................................... 1. 1-2. 太陽能電池簡介 ............................................................................ 2 1-2.1. 1-3. 1-4 第二章. 有機太陽能電池 ................................................................... 4. 染料敏化太陽能電池(Dye-sensitized solar cells, DSSCs) ........ 6 1-3.1. 染料敏化太陽能電池元件介紹 ............................................ 6. 1-3.2. 染料敏化太陽能電池元件組成及光電轉換原理 ................22. 1-3.3. 染料敏化太陽能電池參數 ..................................................25. 研究動機 ..................................................................................... 28 結果與討論.................................................................................. 34. 2-1. 實驗合成路徑之探討 .................................................................. 34. 2-2. 染料物性之探討 .......................................................................... 43 2-2.1. 光物理性質 .........................................................................43. 2-2.2. 電化學性質 .........................................................................48. 2-3. 元件效率測試 .............................................................................. 50. 2-4. 理論計算 ..................................................................................... 55. 第三章. 結論 ............................................................................................. 61. 第四章. 實驗部分 ..................................................................................... 62.

(4) 4-1. 儀器設備介紹 .............................................................................. 62. 4-2. 實驗合成步驟 .............................................................................. 66. 第五章. 參考資料 ..................................................................................... 85. 附錄(光譜) .............................................................................................................. 92.

(5) 中文摘要 本論文設計合成出三個 D-π-A 型式的有機雙極性染料(DM132、DM141、 DM157),接上三苯胺(triarylamine)作為推電子端,羧酸根或氰基丙烯酸根作 為拉電子端和錨固基團,中間以 thieno[3,2-b]thiophene(TT)接上 1,3-環己二烯 或苯環作為共軛片段,連結推拉電子基團。針對三個染料的物理性質及電化學性 質,利用紫外光-可見光吸收光譜、螢光放射光譜和循環伏特安培法進行詳細的 探討。 同時將其製作成染料敏化太陽能電池的元件,利用 AM 1.5 irradiation(100 mW/cm2)太陽光模擬進行效能測試。 在 AM 1.5 irradiation(100 mW/cm2)效能測試結果顯示,DM141 具有最佳 的光電轉換效率 η = 2.86%(Jsc = 7.63 mA/cm2 、Voc = 608 mV、ff = 0.62),而含 有 1,3-環己二烯基團的 DM132 為 η = 1.37%,效果不如預期推測可能原因是: 電荷分離效果不明顯、電子再結合速度過快、染料之間堆疊嚴重,導致整體效率 下降。透過本論文對於染料結構和電池效能之間相關性的研究,希望未來能設計 出更高效能的光吸收染料。 關鍵字:D-π-A 型式的有機雙極性染料、1,3-環己二烯。.

(6) Abstract Three new organic dipolar D-π-A dyes( DM132, DM141, DM157 ) with triarylamine as the electron donor, carboxylic acid or cyanoacrylic acid as an electron acceptor as well as an anchoring group, connected with thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and a π-conjugated spacer 1,3-cyclohexdiene or phenyl between the electron donor and acceptor. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the three dyes were studied in details by UV/ Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The cell performances of cells assembled from these light-harvesting dyes have been evaluated using the AM 1.5 simulated solar light. The results showed that DM141 has the best power conversion efficiency of 2.86 %(Jsc = 7.63 mA/cm2, Voc = 608 mV, ff = 0.62)under AM 1.5 irradiation(100 mW/ cm2 )whereas DM132( = 1.37%)with 1,3-cyclohexdiene moiety within the π-framework was not as effective as expected perhaps due to non-effective charge separation, fast charge recombination and aggregation, which leads a low overall efficiency. A general correlation between the structural factors and the cell performances are currently under investigation aiming to provide a guideline for future design of high performance light-harvesting dyes. Key words:organic dipolar D-π-A dyes, 1,3-cyclohexdiene..

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