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馬兜鈴酸在家兔體內之藥物動力學與腎毒性研究

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馬兜鈴酸在家兔體內之藥物動力學與腎毒性研究

中文摘要

馬兜鈴酸 (AA) 是馬兜鈴科 (Aristolochiaceae) 植物的主成分,為馬兜鈴酸Ⅰ (AA )Ⅰ 及馬兜鈴Ⅱ (AA )Ⅱ 所構成的混合 物,研究指出 AA 具有腎毒性及腫瘤毒性,但對於 AA 在藥物動力學方面的研究報告則是相當有限。本研究採用高 效液相層析法 (HPLC) 作為分析動物血漿檢品中 AAⅠ 、 AAⅡ 含量測定的工具,且分析法之確效試驗結果均符合生 物檢品分析準則。

本研究分別以單次靜脈投予不同劑量的 AANa (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) 至四組家兔體內進行藥物動力學研究 ( 每組 均使用 6 隻家兔 ) ,由於偵測極限的關係所以投予 0.25 mg/kg AANa 所得到的結果是以一室模式作配適,其他劑量 則均使用二室模式作配適;除了 0.25mg/kg 的劑量之外,在 0.5 、 1.0 、 2.0 mg/kg 的劑量範圍內得到 AAⅠ 與 AAⅡ 的藥物動力學參數無統計上差異 (P>0.05) , AAⅠ 清除率依序為 349.27 112.92 、 236.99 48.92 、 228.47 31.04 、 2 26.99 19.42 mL/h/kg , AAⅡ 清除率依序為 224.20 34.01 、 199.58 41.93 、 156.76 30.30 、 185.42 29.81 mL/h/kg

,其給藥劑量 (Dose) 與藥物血中濃度曲線下面積 (AUC) 呈線性關係 (AA : Y= 4754.23X-188.20, r2=0.980, P<0.001; AA : Y= 5728.56X-21.57, r2=0.911, P<0.001)

另外使用六隻家兔,以多次靜脈注射不同劑量 (0.5 、 1.0 、 2.0 mg/kg) 的 AANa 到此六隻家兔體內,在這組研究中 的每隻家兔每次給藥至少相隔七日,藥物動力學參數在靜脈給予 0.5~2.0 mg/kg 之 AANa 的範圍內會改變, AAⅠ 的 清除率依序為 236.99 48.92 、 198.37 55.09 、 102.10 22.39 mL/h/kg , AAⅡ 的清除率依序為 199.58 41.93 、 97.

63 23.22 、 42.31 7.64 mL/h/kg ;其給藥劑量與曲線下面積得非線性藥物動力學的特徵 (AA :Y=13618.09X2-875.43 X + 469.52, r2=0.908, P<0.001; AA : Y=26583.73X2 - 3779.03X + 489.38, r2=0.948, P<0.001 ) 。非線性藥物動力學結 果可能與 AAⅠ 、 AAⅡ 所造成的腎損傷導致清除率改變有關。

在口服投予的研究則口服給予 1.0 mg/kg 之 AANa 至家兔體內, AA 在胃酸中不安定,會受到胃酸的強酸性而降解 導致血漿中 AAⅠ 與 AAⅡ 的含量低,吸收情形沒有規則性,且個體間差異大,生體可用率不好。

家兔在投予 AANa 後的第一日及第八日進行犧牲取其腎臟進行組織型態學研究,單次靜脈投予 AANa 得到的組織檢 查如下所述:投予 0.25 mg/kg 後的第一日腎的型態學並沒有顯著的改變,在 0.5 、 1.0 、 2.0 mg/kg 的劑量之下則是 觀察到輕微的細胞浸潤、腎小管上皮細胞變性萎縮的情形;在第八日觀察 0.25 mg/kg 的劑量下的損傷則是輕微的浸 潤及腎小管上皮細胞萎縮情形,在 0.5 、 1.0 、 2.0 mg/kg 的劑量下則是發現有中度至嚴重的細胞間質浸潤、上皮細 胞變性萎縮、間質纖維化及透明圓柱的沉積。口服投予 1.0 mg/kg 之 AANa 後,也於第一日及第八日取其腎臟進行 組織型態學研究,口服投藥後的第一日組織形態學並無顯著變化,但到了第八日則觀察到輕微的上皮細胞變性萎縮 及間質纖維化。根據組織形態研究結果得知腎臟損傷的程度會隨單次投藥劑量的增加而增加,且 AA 所造成的腎損 傷有不斷在惡化的情形,但在腎絲球方面則未見損傷。

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Pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acid in rabbits

英文摘要

Aristolochic acid (AA) is the main component of Aristolochia plants. It is a mixture of aristolochic acid (AA ) and aristolochic acid (AA ). It h Ⅰ Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅱ as been proved by several researches that AA has nephrotoxicity and tumor toxicity. However, the pharmacokinetics of AA is still limited. A validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the plasma concentration of AA and AA . The HPLC method use Ⅰ Ⅱ d was met the guidance of bioanalytical method validation.

The pharmacokinetics of AA and AA was studied by respectively intravenous administration of four different doses(0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg ) of Ⅰ Ⅱ aristolochic acid sodium salt (AANa) in four groups of rabbits (n=6 for each group). Because of detection limit, the results of AA and AA from 0. Ⅰ Ⅱ 25 mg/kg AANa were fit with one compartment model. Others were fit with two compartment model. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of AA and AA , except 0.25 mg/kg AANa-treated group. The system clearance of AA were 349.27 112.92, Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ  236.99 48.92, 228.47 31.04, 226.99 19.42 mL/h/kg. Clearance for AA were 224.20 34.01, 199.58 41.93, 156.76 30.30, 185.42 29.81 mL/h/k    Ⅱ     g. The area under the curves(AUC) of AA and AA were calculated from zero to infinite. The AUCs of AA and AA were proportional to the Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅱ dose administrated (AA : Y= 4754.23X-188.20, r2=0.980, P<0.001; AA : Y= 5728.56X-21.57, r2=0.911, P<0.001). It indicated that AA and A Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ A might behave dose-independent pharmacokinetics between 0.25~2.0mg/kg of AANa IV injection. Ⅱ

In another study, six rabbits were intravenous administered with different doses (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg) of AANa. All animal of this study were treated w ith AANa with 7 days interval. The PK parameters of AA and AA were changed between 0.5 ~ 2.0 mg/kg of AANa IV injection. The clearance o Ⅰ Ⅱ f AA were 236.99 48.92, 198.37 55.09, 102.10 22.39 mL/h/kg. The clearance of AA were 199.58 41.93, 97.63 23.22, 42.31 7.64 mL/h/kg. Ⅰ    Ⅱ    The AUCs of AA and AA were not proportional to the increasing doses. The relationship of non-linear pharmacokinetic properties between dose Ⅰ Ⅱ and AUC were obtained (AA : Y=13618.09X2 - 875.43X + 469.52, r2=0.908, P<0.001; AA : Y=26583.73X2 - 3779.03X + 489.38, r2 = 0.948, P< Ⅰ Ⅱ 0.001 ). The non-linear pharmacokinetics might due to renal lesions caused by AA and AA . Ⅰ Ⅱ

After oral administration of AANa 1.0 mg/kg, the gastric acid would destroy AA and AA . The amount of AA and AA detected in plasma we Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅰ Ⅱ re very low. And the absorption of AA and AA was not regularity and in high variation. Ⅰ Ⅱ

After treated with AANa, rabbits were sacrificed on day-1 and day-8 to obtain the kidney sections. The histological examination of intravenous admini

stration of AANa was described as the following. On day-1, there was no significant alteration in renal morphology on 0.25 mg/kg AANa-treated grou

p. Mild interstitial infiltration, epithelial cell degeneration and atrophy were observed on 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg AANa-treated group. On day-8, mild

degeneration of epithelium and atrophy were observed on 0.25 mg/kg AANa-treated group. Moderate to severe renal lesions including, interstitial infil

tration, degeneration and atrophy of epithelium, interstitial fibrosis and hyaline cylinders were found on 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg group. Kidney sections

were also obtained on day-1 and day-8 after oral treated with 1.0 mg/kg AANa to rabbits. In oral study, there was no significant change in renal morph

ology on day-1. But mild degeneration and atrophy of epithelium and interstitial fibrosis were observed on day-8. According to the histological exami

nation, the extent of renal lesions increased with doses increasing was elucidated. The renal lesions caused by AA were continued to deteriorate. Howe

ver, lesions in glomerulus were not observed.

參考文獻

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