Written Response Test
Sources
8
thInternational Geography Olympiad
Taipei, Taiwan
July 29 - August 4 2010
Section I - Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Women entrepreneurs in Burkina Faso Article by Kerstin Gossé
http://www.undp.org/
Without access to financial resources (money), escaping poverty is difficult.
Through the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), a growing number of women from Burkina Faso take advantage of financial services that allow them and their families to become self-reliant and enjoy better lives.
30 year-old Fatimata Leah Nahini was forced to drop out of school at the age of 12, because her parents could no longer afford her tuition. Today, she receives a micro-loan through the Microfinance Sector Building Programme in Burkina (PRESEM). She can now buy millet in greater quantities in order to manufacture and sell a local brand of beer. She is doing well and her most important aim is to keep her four daughters in school.
“I work hard, so that my daughters can stay in school and have better
opportunities”, she said, while showing what she was able to buy for her two eldest daughters this year: a uniform for the older one and school supplies for the younger one.
PRESEM is a UNDP/UNCDF/Fédérations des Caisses populaires du Burkina joint programme. Its goal is to improve access to local financial services and especially to income-producing activities for women in order to boost the local economy.
PRESEM has provided funds for the creation of 9 credit unions which provide loans and advice to people wanting to start their own businesses. All these of these credit unions are located in remote areas in the south of Burkina Faso.
Since the opening of the first credit unions in June 2009, 3500 women have benefited from micro-loans through 269 village-based credit unions. Most of them spend the money on things such as : food products, millet beer production, soumbala and donut manufacturing. Others raise sheep and cattle.
“Not only do micro-loans increase the women’s income, they also boost their confidence. A woman who got a loan and was able to pay it back with interest speaks with confidence and her status in the community improves”, said
Kadiatou Koubere, who is in charge of women’s activities for the PRESEM credit unions.
Fatimata Leah Nahini may not be rich, but her micro-loan gave her hope, as she started saving money, putting away $370 in six months.
“I make more money and I can help my husband with his expenses. But if we do not save, we can not feel at ease. I have my own account, the money I put into it is for emergencies for my children and myself.”
Section II - Flood
Source 1: Annual peak one-day discharge for a stream, 1923-1952
Year Peak one-day discharge in cfs*
Rank (R)
Recurrence interval (T)
1923 148,000 22 1.41
1924 160,000 16 1.94
1925 112,000 26
1926 146,000 24 1.29
1927 176,000 12 2.58
1928 150,000 21 1.48
1929 247,000 4 7.75
1930 163,000 15 2.07
1931 53,000 30 1.03
1932 106,000 27 1.15
1933 160,000 17 1.82
1934 84,000 28 1.11
1935 138,000 25 1.24
1936 148,000 23 1.35
1937 190,000 11 2.82
1938 193,000 10
1939 159,000 18 1.72
1940 82,000 29 1.07
1941 154,000 19 1.63
1942 201,000 9 3.44
1943 174,000 14 2.21
1944 255,000 2
1945 203,000 8 3.88
1946 223,000 7 4.43
1947 246,000 5 6.20
1948 234,000 6 5.17
1949 151,000 20 1.55
1950 176,000 13 2.38
1951 265,000 1 31.00
1952 254,000 3 10.33
* cfs stands for cubic feet per second
Section III - Population Geography
Source 1: Population pyramids for South Korea
Source: National Statistical Office [South Korea]
Source 2: Selected Population Characteristics of South Korea
Year 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2005
Population (‘000) 25 003 32 241 38 124 42 869 47 008 47 041 Life expectancy (years) 52.4 61.25 65.69 71.28 76.02 78.63
Total fertility rate 6.2 4.5 2.8 1.58 1.5 1.08
Source: National Statistical Office [South Korea]
Source 3: Transition from Aging to Super-Aged Society: the year in which selected countries reached or are projected to reach the % of population aged 65 and over
France Germany Italy Japan South Korea
U.K. U.S.A.
Aging society (7%)
1864 1932 1927 1970 2000 1929 1942
Aged society (14%)
1979 1972 1988 1994 2018 1976 2015
Super-aged society (20%)
2018 2009 2006 2006 2026 2026 2036
Source: National Statistical Office [South Korea]
Section IV - Land forms
Source 1: Different types of land forms and landscapes
A B
C D
E F
Section V - Agriculture and environment
Source 1
Source 2a – The border region of Haiti and the Dominican Rupublic
Source 2b – Evolution of population number in Haiti (x1000 inhabitants)
Source 2c – Some data on Haiti
Indicator Value
1 Area 27,750 km2
2 Population 9.2 million inhabitants
3 Total fertility rate 3.72
4 Infant mortality rate 58.07‰
5 Literacy 52.9%
6 Population below poverty line 80%
7 GDP per capita 1,300 USD
8 Oil reserves 0
9 Oil production 0
10 Natural gas reserves 0
Section VI - Natural hazards
Source 1 Disasters of the 21st century A
B
C
D
E
F
