不同型式風扇與操作狀況控制室內熱環境之比較

(1)

Ϛӣ࠮Ԓॳਉᇄᐇհޑݷ௡ڙࡉϱዥᕗცϞШၶ

ൕ! ཱི

୽ҳۣ៌׬೚Ᏸ଱πУώแف

ںҳ஼

୽ҳۣ៌׬೚Ᏸ଱ҡސᐠႫώแف

ᄢ! ौ

ॳਉ࣏௡ڙࡉϱዥᕗცϞ१ौЙࢲȂ௶ॳਉᇄఋᙽਉ࣏֯ҬࠉலҢо׽๡

ᕗცෂዥޑݷϞॳਉ࠮ԒȂᕣ၌ڍᆍ࠮ԒॳਉϞ೽ॳ੫ܒЅ׽ᡐ੉ࢺ໌юοϞ

೽ॳਝݎԤڏ҆ौܒȄᄂᡛ࢐ӵࣺ᎑ڍ໢ӣኺЏψϞܘ໢ϱ໌՗ȂШၶڍᆍ࠮

ԒॳਉӵϚӣߞๅ໠ంޑݷਢȂࡉϱዥᕗცϞᡐϽ௑לȄ๖ݎี౪ߞๅᜰഖ ਢȂо௶ॳਉ೽ॳϞࡉϱҁ֯ྣ࡙џၶఋᙽਉ६ճ 3ʨՍ 4ʨȂծϫၶࡉѴ੉

ྣଽघ 2ʨȇߞๅ໠ంਢࠌ༉ၶఋᙽਉ६ճ 0.5ʨՍ 1ʨȂծၶѴ੉ྣଽघ 3ʨ Ս 4ʨȄҳ७ྣ࡙Ϸշ৯౴ၶҁ७ྣ࡙Ϸշ݂ᡗȂח७ྣ࡙ӵϿۇܻ௶ॳਉ೽

ॳު໢џၶਹ७ճ 2ʨՍ 3ʨȇڍএܘ໢ӵϿۇϞྣ࡙Ϸշ৯౴֯ၶғϿਢ໢

݂ᡗȇ࢈ٺҢ௶ॳਉၶఋᙽਉџԤਝ೽ॳ඲੉о६ճࡉϱྣ࡙ȄӵٺҢ௶ॳਉ ਢȂଶ੉ࢺ໌юοѴᔖᜰഖڏтߞๅȇٺҢఋᙽਉਢࠌᔖ໠ంߞๅȄ ᜰᗤຠȈ ೽ॳȃॳਉȃዥᕗცȃᕗც௡ڙȄ

COMPARISONS OF CONTROLLING INDOOR THERMAL ENVIRONMENT BY USING DIFFERENT FANS AND OPERATING

CONDITIONS

Hsin Yu

Department of Civil Engineering National Ilan Institute of Technology

Ilan, Taiwan 260, R.O.C.

Li-John Jou

Department of Biomechatronic Engineering National Ilan Institute of Technology

Ilan, Taiwan 260, R.O.C.

Key Words: ventilation, fan, thermal environment, environmental control.

ABSTRACT

Ventilation with fans is the main technique to control indoor thermal environments. Exhaust fans and rotary fans are two major types of fans used for improving room thermal environments. The knowledge of characteristics and efficiencies of different types of fans with different airflow paths are required. Experiments proceeded in two geometrically

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༊᎛ُ ቢࢺഀ࡙ড७

ቢࢺ᜞ࣨ Ꮹቢࢺ

ॳਉଽ࡙

ፐᔞୢ

similar rooms to compare indoor temperature variation with different fans and different operation conditions. Results showed that exhaust fans reduced indoor temperature 3ʨ to 4ʨ lower than rotary fans while the doors and windows were closed , but the indoor temperature of a room with an exhaust fan was about 2ʨ higher than the outside temperature. While the doors and windows were open, indoor temperature of a room with an exhaust fan exhibited about 0.5ʨ to 1ʨ lower than a room with a rotary fan , but both rooms' indoor temperature showed 3ʨ to 4ʨ higher than outside temperature. Variation of temperature distribution vertically was larger than horizontally. The indoor temperature of bed level was about 2 ʨ to 3ʨ lower than desk level in a room with an exhaust fan at midnight.

Temperature difference between the two rooms was more significant at midnight than at noon. An exhaust fan is more effective in controlling a room’s thermal environment than a rotary fan. Doors and windows should be closed when an exhaust fan is operated for controlling room thermal environment, but should be opened when a rotary fan is used.

Ιȃࠉ! ِ

ҥܻҏਮᏰҡஜ޾՞ஜᏰҡෆငඪюІᔖȂӵে۟ଽ

ྣਢȂᗶณᄄࡉϱ၆೩ఋᙽਉȞrotary fanȟȂџоӵॳਉ֚

᠛ΡᡝਢӰᄇࢺඹዥϞਝݎՄཐឈ኷ਢܒϞళౝȂծϫฒ ݲઍғႀڗ೽ॳȃඹዥоЅ६ྣޟਝݎȂՄٺࡉϱᕗცඎ ዥȇܻ࢐ਮПؚۡё၆௶ॳਉȞexhaust fanȟپ׽๡ஜ޾

ࡉϱዥᕗცȄ

ఋᙽਉ߽஠ॳਉ၆೩ܻЈ߆ݖȂॳਉ໅ጣΙૡᇄЫҁ ७༊ఇघ 45ʶϞُ࡙Ȃᙤҥॳਉஅ৴ఋᙽ 360ʶϞПԒȂ џٺॳਉܚלԙϞ༊ఇު੉ቢࢺȞinclined air jetȟ஠ొᇐ

ୢ୿ٷॳਉ՝ಋՄ໢ྐܒޟಋଢ଼֚᠛ୢ୿Ȃٮܻ֚᠛ୢ୿

ӰᔆΨЅଢ଼૖Մ౰ҡቢࢺȂ࣏ғᔆԒȞpositive pressureȟ

೽ॳفಛȄఋᙽਉܚഅԙϞቢࢺོፐᔞӴ७לԙݼӴ७ࠉ

໌Ϟࢺൟ[1]ȄᐌএࢺൟσमϷ࣏έএୢ୿ȈՌҥቢࢺȞfree jetȟȃፐᔞୢȞimpingement regionȟᇄᏩቢࢺȞwall jetȟȂ ყ 1 ܚҰȄӴ७ॳഀӵፐᔞୢ࣏ॳਉ༊ఇቢࢺޢ௥֚᠛Ϟ ๖ݎȂӵՌҥቢࢺୢܚלԙϞᓅלᡝϛฒ፣ॳਉ༊ُϞσ ωȂ༫לᘞ७ϞശσॳഀᓍຽᚔቢࢺюοϞߝ࡙ቨёՄ෵

ωȂ֚᠛ᘞ७ࠌᓍຽᚔቨёӰ໌Σ੉ࢺȞentrainmentȟՄ

ംᅚᘗσ[2-5]ȇՌҥቢࢺശσॳഀϞॎᆗԒ࣏Ȉ

S K A u

v₀= ₀ ⁰ (1)

v0 ȈՌҥቢࢺלԙϞ༫לᘞ७ϛശσॳഀ(m/s) u0 ȈՌҥቢࢺюο೎Ϟॳഀ(m/s)

K Ȉৢแ߽ኵȞthrow constantȟ A0 ȈՌҥቢࢺюο೎Ϟ७ᑖ(m²) S Ȉ༫לᘞ७ᇄቢࢺюοϞຽᚔ(m)

ՍܻᄇӴ७ॳഀኇ៪ၶኄϞᕓ७ቢࢺȂڏശσॳഀһ ᇄຽᚔՌҥቢࢺፐᔞᘈϞߝ࡙ԙІШȂRajaratnamȞ1976ȟ о༊ُ࣏ 90ʶਢȂᐌ౩ӻΡޟंـ๖ݎՄுڗήӖငᡛϴ

Ԓ[5]Ȉ

r d u

u_m 1.03

0 = (2)

um Ȉᕓ७ቢࢺϞॳഀᘞ७ϛശσॳഀ(m/s) u0 ȈՌҥቢࢺюο೎Ϟॳഀ(m/s)

d ȈՌҥቢࢺюο೎Ϟޢ৷(m)

r Ȉॳഀᘞ७ᇄՌҥቢࢺፐᔞӴ७ϛЖᘈϞຽᚔ(m) ਲ਼ᐃ IkeguchiȞ1998ȟϞᄂᡛ๖ݎȂٷᐃϚӣϞॳਉ

༊ُ(α)ுڗᕓ७ቢࢺശσॳഀ࣏[6]Ȉ

48 . 2 09 . 1

0 = −

d r u

u_m

(αɶ45ʶ)! (3)

19 . 1 21 . 1

0 = −

d r u

u_m

(αɶ60ʶ)! (4)

37 . 0 83 . 1

0 = −

d r u

u_m

(αɶ90ʶ)! (5)

ᕓ७ቢࢺӵݼӴ७ࠉ໌ਢܚלԙϞ੫኉ߝ࡙ y1/2џٷ ήӖϴԒؑு[5]

y1/2ɶ0.087r (6)

ყ 1! ॳਉϞ༊ఇު੉ቢࢺፐᔞӴ७ޑݷ

(3)

Um/Uo 1.0

Um=Uo

Um ຎনᘈ

ዖ༖ਯЖ ੫኉૾෵ ᄇᆎ໅૾෵ ತᆒୢ Um/Uo 1/x2

Ᏼੌխ֨ᒵ

A0

/ x

Um/Uo 1/xn

ყ 2! ՌҥቢࢺޟѲএี৤ୢ୿

ყ 3! ࠁ३ቢࢺӵު໢ࢺଢ଼ޑᄘ

(a)ׇӒඉᕗୢ (b)ϛ໢ୢ (c)ᓗХୢ

ყ 4! ้ྣᕗცު੉ࢺ࠮ᄘϞϷ᜸

y1/2ɶӵᕓ७ቢࢺϞॳഀᘞ७ϛȂॳഀ࣏ 1/2 ശσॳഀ

ਢȂຽᚔӴ७Ϟଽ࡙(m)Ȅ

ܖٷ IkeguchiȞ1998ȟϞᄂᡛ๖ݎ࣏[6]Ȉ

y1/2= 0.063r−0.372 (α = 45ʶ)! (7) y1/2= 0.072r−2.99 (α = 60ʶ)! (8) y1/2= 0.098r−7.62 (α = 90ʶ)! (9) ҥΰक़ശσॳഀЅ੫኉ߝ࡙ၥਟȂџо௰եᕓ७ቢࢺ ϱӈΙଽ࡙(y)ϞॳഀԃήԒ[7]Ȉ

( )

[ ⁰^.⁹³⁷ ⁰^.¹⁴²]

exp− −

= η

um

u (10)

u = ᕓ७ቢࢺϞॳഀᘞ७ϛȂଽ࡙࣏ y ਢϞॳഀ(m/s)

2

/y1

y η =

ծӵࡉϱު໢ҥఋॳਉܚלԙϞࢺൟ࣏Ϛᛧۡࢺ Ȟ unsteady flow ȟȂ и അ ԙ ࢺ ൟ ࣥ ӻ ޟ ᡐ Ͻ ᇄ ༄ ࢺ ୢ Ȟturbulent flowȟȂϚܾԤਝຟեᇄϷݙ೽ॳਝݎȇծӵҡ ސዥ๲၌ޟђ૖ՄِȂೝ֚᠛ϞᡝߒџӰᄇࢺඹዥϞӰશ Մႀڗ኷ਢܒඹዥ६ྣϞђ૖Ȅ

௶ॳਉϞ೽ॳ࠮Ԓ࣏॒ᔆԒȞnegative pressureȟȂငҥ ॳਉܪॳٺࡉϱު੉௶юՄᔆΨ६ճȂσ੉ᔆΨᇄࡉϱ੉

ᔆϞᔆ৯ࠌོٺѴഋު੉ҥ໌੉ЌȞinletȟ֜Σ౰ҡު੉

ቢࢺȞair jetȟȂഅԙު੉ඉᕗᇄ೽ॳඹዥϞਝݎȄު੉ቢ ࢺ໌Σ೽ॳު໢ߑ෈оՌҥቢࢺޟ࠮Ԓี৤Ȃԃყ 2 ܚҰ [8]Ȃծ࢐໌੉οϞቢࢺོӰڍ୏ᔆΨ৯Մ୑өЈ߆ݖ Ȟcoanda effectȟȂиݼݖ७לԙᏩቢࢺࠉ໌ȂޢՍ࿦ڗᄇ ७ᕓᏩھᡝ᜞ࣨϞኇ៪Մ౰ҡଟࢺȞreverse flowȟȂᆎ࣏ࠁ ३ቢࢺȞconfined jetȟԃყ 3 ܚҰ[9]Ȃࠁ३ቢࢺٮӵࡉϱ

ٷΣοଢ଼૖ϞσωלԙϚӣϞඉᕗࢺൟȂԃყ 4 ܚҰ[10]Ȃ

ׇӒඉᕗȞfully rotaryȟࢺൟџߴ໌ࡉϱު੉౅ӫᇄࡉϱѴ

ު੉፴໔ᇄ૖໔Һ඲ȂٮԤਝ௡ڙࡉϱዥᕗცȄ

॒ᔆԒ೽ॳ࣏லҢޟ೽ॳفಛȂலَܻ੺޾ȃྣࡉȃ

ඃܚȃኁܘ้ൟܚȇ॒ᔆԒ೽ॳ஠೽ॳު໢Ϟު੉ܪюל ԙ॒ᔆȂ೽ॳު໢Ѵഋު੉Ӱσ੉ᔆΨՄ௃໠οࢺΣȂܚ оଶΟΣॳοѴȂߞๅ้Ќሪ഍ོԤΣᅤȞinfiltrationȟ੉

ࢺȂӵьЈၶ࣏ϚցȂծџЕΣσ໔ࡉѴཱིᘀު੉Ȅ॒ᔆ Ԓ೽ॳϚሯୈ੫տޟΣॳοȂငາၶۣ߯ȄғᔆԒ೽ॳல ሯ଩ӫ݁ິޟϷඹ੉ࢺΣॳοܖॳᆓفಛȂӵሯौᆠጂ௡

ڙޟᄂᡛࡉȃЙ೚ࡉȃේސҡߝࡉ้࣏ྃԤਝȂһџ٩Х ь۟վॳܖࡉѴު੉Σᅤ[11]Ȅ

ॳਉ၆ညޟ՝ညᇄ໠ᜰߞๅޟПԒኇ៪ࡉϱᐌᡝޟ೽

ॳޑݷȂζኇ៪ࡉϱྣ࡙ޟϷշޑݷȂӣਢ໠ᜰߞๅޟП Ԓһኇ៪೽ॳϞюοᇄΣο७ᑖȂоЅ੉ࢺӵࡉϱࢺଢ଼࠮

ᄘȂᄇᐌᡝዥᕗცϞϷշ֯Ԥྃσኇ៪ȄܚоȂ၆೩௶ॳ ਉޟ೽ॳඹዥђ૖࢐֏ၶఋᙽਉԤਝȉоЅ଩ӫ௶ॳਉޟ ၆ညȂߞๅ้໠ο೩രԃդ೎౩ϗ૖ႀڗശٹϞ೽ॳਝݎ

֯࢐঄ுंـϞ፞ᚠȄ

ӵѮᢊҬࠉԤᜰ࡚ᑞސࡉϱዥᕗცϞंـӻ୑१ܻՌ ณ೽ॳفಛ[12,13]ܖցҢ࡚ᑞސഅ࠮ȃ෉өȃႤዥ؅ਟܖ

ේ਻[14]้ೝଢ଼௡ڙПԒȞpassive control methodȟپ׽๡

ࡉϱዥᕗცȂᄇܻоᐠడ೽ॳϞкଢ଼௡ڙПԒȞactive control methodȟᗶณٺҢ࣏ྃලႇȂծӵۨ՞ު໢ࣺᜰϞ

ंـٮϚӻȇӵၻཾ೩ࢊᕗც௡ڙϞंـሴ୿ȂᄇϚӣ࠮

ᄘॳਉϞ೩ညଽ࡙ᇄُ࡙оᕕுၶٹϞҁ֯Ӵ७ॳഀᇄ೽

ॳ७ᑖȂࠌԤၶӻϞԙݎ[15-17]Ȅ

ҏМϞंـҬޟӵܻ࣏ٺᏰҡӵে۟ଽྣ෈Ȃ૖оശ ٹޟ೽ॳПԒᕕுശ๲ᎌᇄళౝޟۨ՞Ѕ᠞ਪᕗცȇШၶ ఋᙽਉᇄ௶ॳਉڍᆍ࠮ԒॳਉӵϚӣᐇհޑݷήپ௡ڙࡉ ϱ೽ॳПԒܚுڗϞྣ࡙ϷշȂ໌Մுڗդᆍ࠮Ԓॳਉᇄ

໌੉ο Coanda effect ॳਉ

(4)

45 109 109 45 ϛѵᘞ७Ѿᘞ७

ѡᘞ७

100 199 199 100

14811775

(1)ϛѵᘞ७กᘈ (2)Ѿѡᘞ७กᘈ

100 199 199 100

14811775

194 597

205 9760 79

110 90 108

75192 340

50 30 60 190 30

ח७

ח७ ਹ७

308

Y

X N

Z Y

-10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0:00 ਢ໢Ȟhrȟ

ٖၾྣ࡙

ࡉѴྣ࡙

Рৢ໔ ዥࢺ໔!

ٖၾྣ࡙)ʨ*ȃࡉѴྣ࡙!!)ʨ*ȃ Рৢ໔ (100W/m2 *ȃЅዥࢺ໔(W/m2)

ყ 5! ᄂᡛު໢ྣ࡙กᘈշညყ(൐՝Ȉcm)

ყ 6! ॳਉᄂᡛު໢Ϟҁ७Ѕҳ७଩ညყ(൐՝Ȉcm)

᜞ࣨᕗც௡ڙПԒϗ૖ுڗၶٹޟࡉϱዥᕗცȄ

Πȃ؅ਟᇄПݲ

1.ᄂᡛୢЅ೩ര

ҏंـϞᄂᡛୢ೩ညӵ୽ҳۣ៌׬೚Ᏸ଱ਢϽஜ޾Ϥ ቹዂ࡚ᑞϞഥዂȂᄂᡛୢ࣏Ϥዂࣺ᎑ޟڍএܘ໢ȂڏП՝

ࣺӣ࣏֯ࠒө໠ๅȂݍՙөޟڍ୏࣏֯᎑௥ڏтܘ໢Մฒ ޢ௥РৢȂڍএܘ໢ޟРৢ७ᑖᇄਢ໢ࣺߖȂо෵ЍП՝

ᄇࡉϱዥᕗცϞኇ៪Ȅᄂᡛު໢ҁ७Ѕҳ७଩ညَყ 5 ܚ ҰȂᄂᡛਢ෈ϷտᄇୢϱϞࡉϱዥᕗცȃࡉѴ੉ຫЅഥዂ ዂݖॎกྣ࡙ȃዥࢺ໔ЅЫҁРৢ໔ȄҏᄂᡛցҢϤዂڍ

໢ܘ໢Ȃӵࡉϱ೩ည T ࠮ዥႫୋ၄ᓻጣᢎกྣ࡙ϷշȂԃ ყ 6 ܚҰȇܻڏϛΙܘ໢Ȟ5E38ȟϞѴๅ၆ည 16 ӧ௶Ȟ֜ȟ

೽ॳႫਉΚഋȞ࠮ဴȈSWB-16Ȃ໷ӎȟȂѪΙܘ໢Ȟ5E40ȟ ၆ညՌଢ଼ఋᙽӤႫਉȞ࠮ဴȈSC-16APIȂσӣȟܻЈ߆ݖ ϛѵȇڍ৴ႫਉϞਉ৷Џψ࣏֯ 40cmȂټ๝Ⴋྛ࣏൐ࣺȃ 110Vȃ60Hz ϞҺࢺႫȂੑૉႫΨ࣏֯ 70WȄᄂᡛܚٺҢ ϞቈᏢᇄ೩രѓ֤ 64 ՝ϯএΡႫသΙഋհၥਟԆڥЅϷ

ყ 7! Рৢ໔ȃዥࢺ໔ᇄ੉ྣᡐϽ໔ᐣጣ

ݙᛲყȂڏтཐกᇄᙽ඲ᏢѓࢂРৢॎȞpyranometer;

model: PY26678, LI-COR, Inc. U.S.A.ȟȃዥࢺॎȞthermal flux meter; model: C-502, International Thermal Instrument Co., U.S.A.ȟᇄ T ࠮ዥႫୋ၄ᓻጣȞT-type thermocouple wireȟ֯ᇄၥਟᇔ໱ቈȞdata logger; model: CR10, Compbell Scientific, Inc. U.S.A.ȟࣺ೿Ȅ

2.ᄂᡛ؏᡽

ҏᄂᡛܻϤТӋࢌґেߑ۟࿽Ϸڍ໦ࢲ໌՗Ȃ಑Ι໦

ࢲ஠ڍܘ໢Ϟॳਉంଢ଼Ȃٮ஠ڍܘ໢ޟߞๅӒ໠оಒӫΙ ૡٺҢޱϞٺҢಬᄛȂӣਢԝ໱ڍএܘ໢ϱྣ࡙Ϸշޑݷ ၥਟᇄРৢ໔ȃࡐഥዥࢺ໔ȃٖၾᇄࡉѴྣ้࡙ኵᐃȄ಑

Π໦ࢲࠌ஠ߞๅ֯ᜰഖȂ༉੼ᎬٖၾΰП੉ๅϞ໌੉οᇄ

௶ॳਉϞю੉οȄΰक़Π໦ࢲϞၥਟԝ໱ਢ໢࣏֯ؐωਢ ΙԩȄ

3.ၥਟϷݙПԒ

ҏᄂᡛϞኵᐃၥਟᒯΣၐᆗߒਿԒ೺ᡝȞٽԃ EXCEL Ѕ SURFER ৈ၆೺ᡝоᛲюРৢ໔ȃྣ࡙ӒЈঐӨᐣጣყ Ѕࡉϱྣ࡙ϷշყȟȂඪټఋᙽਉᇄ௶ॳਉϞ೽ॳਝݎШၶ Ѕߞๅ௡ڙܚሯϞ୤ՃኵᐃȄ

έȃ๖ݎᇄଆ፣

1.Рৢ໔ȃዥࢺ໔ᇄ੉ྣᡐϽ

ҥРৢ໔ȃዥࢺ໔ᇄ੉ྣᡐϽϞᐣጣყȂҥყ 7 џо

ี౪Рюਢ໢ӵᄂᡛ໌՗෈໢घ࣏ 5 ਢȂРဣਢ໢घ࣏ή Ͽ 6 ਢ 30 ϷȄРৢ໔һ࣏Ԫࢲ౰ҡȂٮܻϛϿࠉႀڗശଽȄ ዥࢺ໔ϞᡐϽᇄ੉ྣᡐϽԤࣺ࿋ᜰ೿ܒȄ੉ྣᡐϽ߽ӣਢ กۡѴ੉ྣᇄஜ޾ܘ໢Ѵٖං੉ྣȄҥᐣጣყџоี౪Ѵ

੉ྣܻΰϿ 8 ਢՍήϿ 2 ਢՍ 3 ਢོଽܻٖං੉ྣȂࣺ৯ ശଽџႀ 3ʨՍ 4ʨȂዥࢺ໔ܻΰϿ 9 ਢՍήϿ 1 ਢԪࢲਢ

໢һҥࡐഥ༈ዥ໌ΣࡉϱȇڏᎷਢ໢ࠌ࣏ٖං੉ྣଽܻࡉ Ѵ੉ྣȂࣺ৯ശଽһႀ 3ʨՍ 4ʨȂԪਢዥ໔ҥࡉϱөࡐഥ Ѵഋ༈ሎȄ

(5)

0 1 2 3 4 5 Y(M) 0

1 2 3

Z(M)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Y(M) 0

1 2 3

Z(M)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Y(M) 0

1 2 3

Z(M)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Y(M) 0

1 2 3

Z(M)

ყ 8 ڍᆍϚ೽࠮ԒॳਉӵߞๅᜰഖޑݷѴ੉ྣᇄࡉϱҁ

֯੉ྣᡐϽ

ყ 9 ڍᆍϚ೽࠮Ԓॳਉӵߞๅ໠ంޑݷѴ੉ྣᇄࡉϱҁ

֯੉ྣᡐϽ

2.Ѵ੉ྣᇄࡉϱҁ֯੉ྣϞᡐϽ௑ל (Ι)ߞๅᜰഖޑݷ

ӵڍ໢ܘ໢ߞๅᜰഖޑݷήоϚӣ࠮Ԓॳਉ೽ॳܚก

ுࡉϱҁ֯੉ྣᡐϽԃყ 8 ܚҰȂӵРюघ 2 ωਢࡣޟΰ Ͽ 7 ਢՍ 8 ਢѾѡՍήϿ 2 ਢՍ 3 ਢРဣࠉ 2 ωਢѾѡȂ ࡉѴ੉ྣ֯ଽܻࡉϱ੉ྣȇծӵڏтਢࢲȂڍᆍ೽ॳ࠮Ԓ Ϟࡉϱ੉ྣ֯ଽܻࡉѴ੉ྣȄо௶ॳਉ೽ॳϞࡉϱҁ֯੉

ྣ֯ၶఋᙽਉճȂЎڏۇ໢ၶ࣏݂ᡗȂശӻџႀ 3ʨՍ 4 ʨȄ௶ॳਉϞࡉϱҁ֯੉ྣၶࡉѴ੉ྣЀଽശӻघ 2ʨȂ ఋᙽਉџႀ 5ʨȄРю෈໢ӰЊ໨ᒭৢٺுࡉѴ੉ྣଽܻ

ࡉϱ੉ྣȂծӵڏтਢ໢ȂᗶณѴ੉ྣၶճȂծӰ೽ॳ඲

੉໔ϚٗϞኇ៪ȂՄٺࡉϱ੉ྣҐ૖६ՍᇄѴ੉ྣӣኺϞ ճྣȂڏϛࡉϱѴ೽ॳ඲੉໔ၶٹϞ௶ॳਉџ௥ߖࡉѴ੉

ྣȂՄఋᙽਉӰࡉϱѴ೽ॳ໔ၶЍȂёΰ࡚ᑞސҏ٘֜ԝ ᇋᑖϞዥ໔ܻۇ໢ភюȂՄٺࡉϱҁ֯੉ྣ୑ଽȄ (Π)ߞๅ໠ంޑݷ

षٷΙૡٺҢಬᄛՄ஠ߞๅ໠ంȂࠌѴ੉ྣӵРྱ໱

ϛਢࢲϫོଽܻࡉϱ੉ྣȂԃყ 9 ܚҰȇծ࢐ӵڏтਢࢲ ࠌѴ੉ྣІၶࡉϱ੉ྣ࣏ճȄԪһڧ೽ॳਝݎЅ࡚ᑞސᇋ ᑖዥ໔ඹዥϞኇ៪Ȅծ࢐ڍᆍ࠮Ԓ೽ॳਉϞࡉϱҁ֯੉ྣ

ࣺ৯ϚӻȂ༉ӵ 0.5ʨՍ 1ʨϞ໢Ȃծϫо௶ॳਉϞࡉϱҁ

֯੉ྣၶճȄڍޱޟࡉϱҁ֯੉ྣၶѴ੉ྣശσଽюघ 3

(a)ఋᙽਉ (b)௶ॳਉ

ყ 10 ғϿਢ໢ߞๅ஝ഖޑݷࡉϱҳ७Ȟx=1.54mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 11 Ͽۇਢ໢ߞๅ஝ഖޑݷࡉϱҳ७Ȟx=1.54mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ʨՍ 4ʨȄџَఋᙽਉϞ೽ॳ඲੉ਝݎӵߞๅ໠ంޑݷή ၶߞๅᜰഖ࣏ٹȂծ௶ॳਉϞ೽ॳਝݎӵߞๅ໠ంਢІϚ ԃᜰഖߞๅਢၶٹȂӰ࣏ӵᜰഖߞๅޑݷਢȂ௶ॳਉџל ԙၶٹϞ೽ॳު੉ࢺൟȂቨё඲੉६ྣϞਝݎȄ

3.ࡉϱዥᕗცϷݙ (Ι)ߞๅᜰഖޑݷ

(1)ྣ࡙Ϸշҳ७Ϸݙ

ғϿ 12 ਢᇄϿۇ 12 ਢϞࡉϱ੉ྣϷշҳ७ԃყ 10 ᇄყ 11 ܚҰȄӰު੉ࢺൟࢺଢ଼࠮ᄘϚӣՄٺྣ࡙ϷշһԤ ϚӣȂ௶ॳਉӰࢺൟᛧۡՄٺྣ࡙ϷշԤݼࢺൟ᜞ࣨԙቹ ϷշϞᗍ༖ȇఋᙽਉࠌӰવࢺኇ៪Ȃྣ࡙ϷշၶϚೣࠌȄ ғϿϞ੉ྣϷշσमᇄࡉϱҁ֯ྣ࡙֛ӫȂڍᆍ೽ॳ࠮Ԓ ࡉϱശճྣࣺ৯घӵ 0.5ʨՍ 1ʨѾѡȂծϫо௶ॳਉၶ ճȇϿۇਢϷ௶ॳਉϞࡉϱശճྣ࡙џၶఋᙽਉճघ 3ʨ Ս 4ʨѾѡȄ

(2)ྣ࡙Ϸշҁ७Ϸݙ

ғϿ 12 ਢᇄϿۇ 12 ਢϞח७ྣ࡙Ϸշҁ७ԃყ 12 ᇄყ 13 ܚҰȂғϿਢ໢Ϟח७ྣ࡙Ϸշӵڍᆍ೽ॳ࠮Ԓޑ ݷή࣏֯ 28ʨՍ 29ʨϞ໢Ȃ৯౴Ϛᡗ๿ȇծӵۇ໢ਢȂ௶

ॳਉϞח७ྣ࡙Ϸշၶఋᙽਉճघ 3ʨѾѡȂ࢈ۇ໢ٺҢ

௶ॳਉၶ࣏ళౝȄڍᆍ೽ॳ࠮ԒϞܘ໢ח७ྣ࡙Ϸշ৯౴

֯ӵ 1.5ʨоϱȄ

ғϿ 12 ਢᇄϿۇ 12 ਢϞਹ७ྣ࡙Ϸշҁ७ԃყ 14 ᇄყ 15 ܚҰȄғϿਢȂڍ໢ܘ໢ਹ७ྣ࡙ϷշϞ৯౴Ϛ σȂӨܘ໢ϱϞ৯౴һӵ 1ʨоϱȄծӵϿۇਢȂ௶ॳਉ

20 22 24 26 28 30 32

08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 ࡉѴྣ࡙

ఋᙽਉ೽ॳϞࡉϱҁ֯ྣ࡙

ܪॳਉ೽ॳϞࡉϱҁ֯ྣ࡙

ਢ໢Ȟhrȟ

ྣ࡙))к

20 22 24 26 28 30 32

08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 00:00 02:00 04:00 06:00 08:00 ࡉѴྣ࡙

ఋᙽਉ೽ॳϞࡉϱҁ֯ྣ࡙

ܪॳਉ೽ॳϞࡉϱҁ֯ྣ࡙

ਢ໢Ȟhrȟ

ྣ࡙))к

(6)

0 1 2 3 X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Y(M) 0

1 2 3

Z(M)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Y(M) 0

1 2 3

Z(M)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Y(M) 0

1 2 3

Z(M)

0 1 2 3 4 5

Y(M) 0

1 2 3

Z(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

ყ 12 ғϿਢ໢ߞๅ஝ഖޑݷࡉϱח७Ȟz=1.92mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 13 Ͽۇਢ໢ߞๅ஝ഖޑݷࡉϱח७Ȟz=1.92mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 14 ғϿਢ໢ߞๅ஝ഖޑݷࡉϱਹ७Ȟz=0.75mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 15 Ͽۇਢ໢ߞๅ஝ഖޑݷࡉϱਹ७Ȟz=0.75mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 16 ғϿਢ໢ߞๅ໠ంޑݷࡉϱҳ७Ȟx=1.54mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 17 Ͽۇਢ໢ߞๅ໠ంޑݷࡉϱҳ७Ȟx=1.54mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

Ϟ६ྣਝݎၶఋᙽਉٹȂٺਹ७ശճྣ࡙६ճघ 3ʨѾ ѡȄਹ७Ϟଽճྣ࡙৯౴घӵ 1ʨՍ 2.5ʨоϱȄ

ח७ᇄਹ७ޟྣ࡙ϷշӵғϿਢϷȂڍএܘ໢࣏֯ྃ

௥ߖȄծӵϿۇਢȂח७ྣ࡙Ϸշڍএܘ໢֯ၶਹ७࣏ճȂ иӵ௶ॳਉϞܘ໢ၶ࣏݂ᡗȂശଽྣϞ৯౴џႀ 2ʨо ΰȂ௰กᔖ࢐ॳൟࢺଢ଼Ϟ໌юο՝ܻܘ໢୏ᏩΰഋȂள໌

վު੉౅ӫϞ๖ݎȄ (Π)ߞๅ໠ంޑݷ

(1)ྣ࡙Ϸշҳ७Ϸݙ

ғϿ 12 ਢᇄϿۇ 12 ਢϞࡉϱ੉ྣϷշҳ७ԃყ 16 ᇄყ 17 ܚҰȄࢺൟࢺଢ଼Մٺྣ࡙ϷշϞޑݷ᜸խߞๅᜰഖ

(7)

0 1 2 3 X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

0 1 2 3

X(M) 0

1 2 3 4 5

Y(M)

ყ 18 ғϿਢ໢ߞๅ໠ంޑݷࡉϱח७Ȟz=1.92mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 19 Ͽۇਢ໢ߞๅ໠ంޑݷࡉϱח७Ȟz=1.92mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 20 ғϿਢ໢ߞๅ໠ంޑݷࡉϱਹ७Ȟz=0.75mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ყ 21 Ͽۇਢ໢ߞๅ໠ంޑݷࡉϱਹ७Ȟz=0.75mȟྣ࡙

Ϸշყ

ਢϞ๖ݎȂծӰߞๅ໠ంՄٺ௶ॳਉ඲੉ਝݎ෵ЍȂఋᙽ ਉϞࡉϱѴު੉Һ඲ᐠོቨёȂܚоڍ໢ܘ໢Ϟྣ࡙৯౴

ၶߞๅᜰഖޑݷਢωȄ

ғϿϞ੉ྣϷշӵڍএܘ໢࣏ྃ௥ߖȇӵϿۇਢ௶ॳ ਉџ஠ࡉϱྣ࡙६Ս 27.4ʨՍ 29.2ʨȂՄఋᙽਉࠌ࣏ 28.1 ʨՍ 30.4ʨȂծࡣޱϞଽྣ༉໱ϛܻఋᙽਉҐ૖֚᠛Ϟۻ ഋωୢ୿ȄғϿਢϞྣ࡙ଽճ৯౴ӵڍএܘ໢֯ӵ 1ʨо ήȂϿۇਢࠌඪଽ 2ʨՍ 3ʨоϱȄ

(2)ྣ࡙Ϸշҁ७Ϸݙ

ғϿ 12 ਢᇄϿۇ 12 ਢϞח७੉ྣϷշҁ७ԃყ 18 ᇄყ 19 ܚҰȄғϿਢڍএܘ໢Ϟח७ྣ࡙Ϸշ࣏ྃ௥ߖȂ ӵϿۇਢࠌี౪௶ॳਉϞח७ྣ࡙ၶఋᙽਉ६ճघ 1ʨȂ ғϿЅϿۇਢӨח७ྣ࡙ϷշϞଽճྣ৯౴֯ྃωՄӵ 1 ʨоϱȄ

ғϿ 12 ਢᇄϿۇ 12 ਢϞਹ७੉ྣϷշҁ७ԃყ 20 ᇄყ 21 ܚҰȄғϿਢڍএܘ໢Ϟਹ७ྣ࡙Ϸշඁฒ৯౴Ȃ

ӵϿۇਢ၆೩௶ॳਉϞܘ໢ਹ७ྣ࡙ၶఋᙽਉ฿ճȂӨҁ ७ϷշϞଽճྣ৯౴һ֯ωܻ 1ʨȄ

Шၶח७ᇄਹ७Ϟྣ࡙ϷշȂี౪ӵғϿਢ֯ྃ௥

ߖȂϿۇਢ༉ӵ၆೩௶ॳਉޟܘ໢ח७ྣ࡙฿ճȂծһϚ ᡗ๿Ȅ

Ѳȃ๖! ፣

ҏंـ߽оϚӣϞ໠ᜰߞๅПԒȂШၶఋᙽਉᇄ௶ॳ ਉᄇࡉϱዥᕗცϞኇ៪Ȃџுήक़๖ݎȈ

1. ߞๅ֯ᜰഖਢȂ௶ॳਉၶఋᙽਉџுၶճϞࡉϱ੉ྣȂ ӵۇ໢Ўڏ݂ᡗՄџႀ 3ʨՍ 4ʨȂծϫଽюѴ੉ྣႀ 2 ʨȂߒҰ౪Ԥ௶ॳਉϞ೽ॳ඲੉૖ΨϫϚٗȄ 2. ߞๅ֯໠ంਢȂ௶ॳਉᇄఋᙽਉϞዥᕗც௡ڙ૖Ψ௥

ߖȂծ௶ॳਉϫџၶఋᙽਉ६ճघ 0.5ʨՍ 1ʨȇծڍޱ

֯ၶѴ੉ྣଽघ 3ʨՍ 4ʨȂߒҰఋᙽਉϞ೽ॳਝݎၶ Ԥ׽๡ȂՄ௶ॳਉϞ೽ॳ૖Ψ६ճȄ

(8)

3. Ϛ፣դᆍߞๅ໠ంޑݷȂڍᆍ೽ॳПԒϞۇ໢ࡉϱଽճ

ྣ࡙৯౴ၶР໢݂ᡗȄ

4. оྣ࡙Ϟު໢ϷշՄِȂҁ७Ϸշ৯౴ၶϚᡗ๿Ȃघӵ 1ʨՍ 2ʨоϱȂծྣ࡙ҳ७ϷշӰڧРৢЅ೽ॳު੉ࢺ ൟᄇࢺϞኇ៪Ȃח७ྣ࡙Ιૡၶਹ७ྣ࡙ճȂЎڏӵϿ ۇਢ၆೩௶ॳਉϞܘ໢Ȃח७ᇄਹ७ࣺ৯џႀ 2ʨՍ 3 ʨȄ

௶ॳਉᇄఋᙽਉӰܚלԙު੉ࢺൟϚӣȂᄇࡉϱ೽ॳ

඲੉ᇄվࠓ६ྣޟਝݎһԤࣺ৯ȄΙૡᇳپȂఋᙽਉӰ༉

ڎࡉϱ֚᠛౰ҡᘙࢺϞਝݎȂᄇࡉѴ೽ॳ඲੉૖Ψၶ৯Ȃ ܚоٺҢਢᔖ஠ߞๅ໠ంȂоቨёᄇࢺ඲੉Ϟ૖ΨȄ௶ॳ ਉۣӵٺҢਢᜰഖߞๅо६ճࡉϱѴߞๅ໠ంܚ౰ҡفಛ ᔆΨȞsystem pressureȟȂᗗջዥު੉௶юࡣӱࢺϞ฻ၯ Ȟshort courseȟਝᔖȂоቨёࡉϱѴվዥު੉Һ඲ਝݎȂ ႀڗ६ྣϞҬޟȄ

ԪѴȂ௶ॳਉלԙϞࡉϱྣ࡙ϫၶࡉѴ੉ྣଽȂߒҰ

௶ॳਉϞ೽ॳ໔џӔቨёȂٺࡉϱྣ࡙ᙤᄇࢺ඲੉Մႀڗ ᇄࡉѴӣኺྣ࡙Ȃӵࡉϱު໢ёΣႫᏢ೩രЅۨ՞ΡষՄ

౰ҡ؁ӻᡗዥਢȂቨё೽ॳ໔஠؁לሯौȄ

ᇬ! ᗂ

ҏМᄂᡛ෈໢ȂܛᇌҏਮπУώแفᏰҡ֔ࢌተȃ֔

ᓗ޿ȃդࡦᐕȃ஻ოىȃ༁ࠅറȃࢹ࿊ٛЅᏰ୛೎ԤᜰΡ ষڞօЛධȂϗ૖ٺҏंـ໷ցׇԙȂӵԪΙځमᗂȄ

ಒဴષЕ

A₀ Ռҥቢࢺюο೎Ϟ७ᑖ(m²) d Ռҥቢࢺюο೎Ϟޢ৷(m) K ৢแ߽ኵ(throw constant)

r ॳഀᘞ७ᇄՌҥቢࢺፐᔞӴ७ϛЖᘈϞຽᚔ(m) S ༫לᘞ७ᇄቢࢺюοϞຽᚔ(m)

u ᕓ७ቢࢺϞॳഀᘞ७ϛȂଽ࡙࣏ y ਢϞॳഀ(m/s) u₀ Ռҥቢࢺюο೎Ϟॳഀ(m/s)

u_m ᕓ७ቢࢺϞॳഀᘞ७ϛശσॳഀ(m/s) v₀ ՌҥቢࢺלԙϞ༫לᘞ७ϛശσॳഀ(m/s)

y_1/2 ӵᕓ७ቢࢺϞॳഀᘞ७ϛȂॳഀ࣏ 1/2 ശσॳഀਢȂ ຽᚔӴ७Ϟଽ࡙(m)Ȅ

η y/y_1/2

୤ՃМᝦ

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12. ᙏҗڷȂȶ՞ԉ൐ϯު໢዁ᔣՌณ೽ॳ඲੉ᄇࡉϱު੉

ᕗცኇ៪ϞंـȷȂᆈρ፣МȂ୽ҳԙђσᏰȂѮࠒ (1995)Ȅ

13. ں۠ዓȂȶճቹ࡚ᑞސ೽ॳցҢंـȷȂᆈρ፣МȂ୽

ҳԙђσᏰȂѮࠒ(1996)Ȅ

14. ںҳ஼ȃൕཱིȂȶ࿤࢜ྣࡉ೩ࢊᄇഥዂ࡚ᑞސࡉϱዥᕗ ცϞኇ៪ȷȂ಑Ξ۩Ӓ୽׬೚Ѕᙛཾఀىंଆོȅ໴ݓȂ

಑209-219ॲ(1994)Ȅ

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17. ൕཱིȃдჁ౾Ȃȶٰв޾ॳਉ଩ညᄇଢ଼ސլᐃୢު੉ࢺ Ϟኇ៪ȷȂၻཾώแᏰൢȂ಑45ڢȂ಑3෈Ȃ಑22-40ॲ (1999)Ȅ

89 ԑ 05 Т 22 Р! ԝገ 89 ԑ 10 Т 09 Р! ߑቷ 89 ԑ 11 Т 22 Р! ፒቷ 90 ԑ 01 Т 15 Р! ௥ڧ