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治療性馬背騎乘對自閉症兒童親子關係之初探 王挽華、李城忠

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治療性馬背騎乘對自閉症兒童親子關係之初探 王挽華、李城忠

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

本研究利用治療性馬背騎乘的原理與實務,結合整體環境以及治療課程的設計、編排,欲對自閉症兒童親子關係親密程度 的增減,做一個事後的比較與批判。所以本研究提?三個目的:一是治療性馬背騎乘的馬場環境之營造、親子互動的模式

,是否對親子關係有正向的效果。二是瞭解治療性馬背騎乘對親子關係的現況與內涵。三是檢討治療性馬背騎乘可行方案

,爭取納入全民健保。 本研究是以質性研究中的深度訪談法作為研究方法,訪談五位參加治療性馬背騎乘親子活動的家長

。接受訪談的家庭,應符 合幾個要件:1、受訪家庭中,自閉症兒童須經醫生證明確定診斷是自閉症。2、既然是兒童,其 馬背騎乘之活動年齡限制在6-10歲之間。3、參與活動的自閉症兒童必須未曾接受過馬術訓練。 本研究的初探結果:(1)新 環境互動經驗增強親子關係;新環境的體驗包含從家中到馬場的交通以及路程中的親子互動。(2)主動配合提升親子關係;

馬場上父母親參與騎乘,給孩子正向的鼓勵。(3)穩定的情感依附促進親子關係;穩定的情感依附須要時間為橋樑,父母付 出的呵護、關愛愈久,愈能鞏固穩定的情感依附。(4)常規性的運動有益親子關係;治療性馬背騎乘的代謝當量約為2.5-4,

是一種緩和的運動,加上父母親的參與更有利於親子關係的維繫。

關鍵詞 : 治療性馬背騎乘、自閉症、親子關係

目錄

目錄 摘要 ………i ABSTRACT………

………ii 誌謝………iv 目錄………

…………vi 表目錄………ix 圖目錄………

………x 第一章緒論………1 第一節 研究背景與動機………

……2 第二節 研究目的與途徑………4 第三節 研究方法………5 第四 節 研究流程與架構………6 第五節 研究範圍………8 第六節 名詞釋義

………10 第二章理論基礎與文獻回顧………13 第一節 馬術治療理論

………13 第二節 馬術治療的定義與延展………18 第三節 自閉症及其相關之描述

………23 第四節 親子關係………36 第三章研究設計………

………40 第一節 設計內容………40 第二節 研究對象………

…………41 第三節 研究工具………43 第四節 研究倫理………

…44 第五節 研究程序與資料處理………45 第六節 活動內容………46 第四 章場記與旁白………58 第一節 治療性馬背騎乘評析………59 第二節 治 療性馬背騎乘活動中環境建構之差異分析…61 第三節 治療性馬背騎乘活動中同儕互動現況分析……64 第四節 治療性馬背 騎乘活動中家庭互動影響分析……65 第五節 治療性馬背騎乘個案與研究者互動影響分析…68 第六節 治療性馬背騎乘自閉 兒家長醫學知識分析...70 第七節 治療性馬背騎乘活動中父母內心的憂鬱與盼 望的成長分析………

…….73 第五章研究結論……….74 第一節 新環境互動經驗增強親子關係………

…75 第二節 主動配合提升親子關係………76 第三節 穩定的情感依附促進親子關係………77 第四 節 常規性的運動有益親子關係………78 第六章研究限制與後續研究建議………80 第一節 研 究限制………80 第二節 後續研究建議………81 參考文獻…………

………83 中文部份………83 英文部份……

………84 附錄一訪談內容………89 附錄二國際 上重要的馬術治療機構一覽表………118 附錄三訪談時間及地點……….119 表目 錄 表 2-1 各治療理論彙整表………17 表2-2 自閉症和亞斯伯格症候群在生活環境中不同的表現...26 表3-1 受訪者背景及職業………41 表3-2 活動時間表(星期六)………

…..42 表3-3 活動時間表(星期日)………..54 表3-4 治療性馬背騎乘評量標準………

…....55 圖目 錄 圖 1-1 治療性馬背騎乘的個領域………2 圖 1-2 研究流程………

………7 圖 1-3 研究架構………8 圖 1-4 研究範圍………

………9 圖 2-1 神經發展秩序圖………..15 圖 3-1 受訪者家定圖………

………..42

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