下鏈多載波分碼多工中利用陣列天線之接收器設計 陳樵榕、武維疆
E-mail: 9510175@mail.dyu.edu.tw
摘 要
在本篇論文，我們在下鏈多載波分碼多工系統中利用傳送分集技術來執行接收設計。我們首先重點放在行動台盲蔽式多載 波分碼多工接收器(不知道其它用戶的展頻碼及通道參數)設計，而且接收器能夠抑制多重存取干擾以及有效結合來自所有 天線的信號。在本篇論文提拱三種盲蔽式接收器。第一種為傳統單用戶Matched Filter (MF)接收器，而第二種接收器以參 考Minimum-Output-Energy (MOE)作為設計準則。而這兩種接收器在執行前必須知道通道脈衝響應，因此我們應用子空間 盲蔽式(不須要training sequences)演算法估計利用陣列天線之下鏈多載波分碼多工系統的通道脈衝響應。第三種接收器則是 不須知道通道脈衝響應的Decorrelating-RAKE (D-RAKE)接收器。 另一部份，我們執行展頻碼選擇定律使得簡單的MF接收 器以達到MOE接收器的效能同時達到最佳線性接收器。最後模擬結果可以證明碼選擇定律是可行的，而且可以抵抗多重 存取干擾。
關鍵詞 : 多載波分碼多工、Matched Filter (MF)、Minimum-Output-Energy (MOE)、通道脈衝響應、子空間
、Decorrelating-RAKE (D-RAKE)
目錄
封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．iii 中文摘要．．．．．．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．iv 英文摘要．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．v 誌謝
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．vi 目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
．．．．．．．．vii 圖目錄．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．ix 第一章 緒論．．．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 1.1 研究動機．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．1 1.2 研究方法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．2 1.3 內容大綱．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．3 第二章 MC-CDMA系統．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4 2.1 MC-CDMA基 本架構．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．4 2.2 MC-CDMA接收信號模型．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
．．．．．．9 2.3 耙式接收器(Rake receiver)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．12 2.4 解相關檢測器(Decorrelating Detector)．．．．．．．．．．15 2.5 信號處理技術．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18 2.5.1 MPDR 演算法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．18 2.5.2 MUSIC演算法．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
．20 第三章 下鏈MC-CDMA系統之盲蔽式接收器設計．．．．．．．．．．．23 3.1 信號模型．．．．．．．．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．23 3.2 盲蔽式接收器設計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．28 3.2.1
Matched-filter (MF)接收器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．29 3.2.2 Minimum-Output-Energy (MOE)接收器．．．．．．．．
．30 3.3 在MC-CDMA系統中最佳碼選擇定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．33 3.3.1原理一．．．．．．．．．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．33 3.3.2原理二．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．40 3.3.3 Optimum(OPT)接收 器．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．41 3.4 通道估計．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．41 3.5 實 際情況．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．45 3.6 數值分析與效能評估．．．．．．．．．．．．．
．．．．．．．47 3.6.1 數值設定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．47 3.6.2 數值分析結果．．．．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．．．48 附錄A．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．58 第四章 下鏈 多MC-CDMA系統之D-RAKE接收器設計．．．．．．．．．60 4.1 Decorrelating-RAKE(D-RAKE)接收器架構．．．．．
．．．．60 4.2 實際情況．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．66 4.3 數值分析與效能評估．．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．67 4.3.1 數值設定．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．67 4.3.2 數值分析結果．．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．67 附錄B．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．77 第五章結論．．．
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．80 參考文獻．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
．．82 參考文獻
[1] R. Prasad, OFDM for Wireless Multimedia Communications, Chapter8, Artech House Publishers, 2000.
[2] N. Yee, J-P. Linnartz and G. Fettweis, “Multicarrier CDMA in indoor wireless radio networks”, Proc. of IEEE PIMRC’93, Yokohama,
Japan, pp. 109-113, Sept. 1993.
[3] S. Kondo and L. B. Milstein, “Performance of multicarrier DS-CDMA systems”, IEEE Trans. Communications, vol. 44, no.2, pp. 238-246, Feb. 1996.
[4] S. Hara and R. Prasad, “Overview of multicarrier CDMA”, IEEE Commun. Magazine, vol. 35, no. 12, pp. 126-133, Dec. 1997.
[5] S. Hara and R. Prasad, “An overview of multi-carrier CDMA”, IEEE Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications Proceedings, vol. 1, no. 22-25, pp. 107-114, Sept. 1996.
[6] H. Liu, Signal Processing Applications in CDMA Communications, Chapter 5, Artech House Publishers, 2000.
[7] S. Hara and R. Prasad, “Design and performance of multicarrier CDMA system in frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels”, IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 48, pp. 1584-1594, Sept. 1999.
[8] X. Cai and A. N. Akansu, “Multicarrier CDMA systems with transmit diversity” VTC 2000, pp. 2817-2821.
[9] R. O. Schmidt, “Multiple emitter location and signal parameter estimation”, IEEE Trans. Ant. Propagation, vol. AP-34:276-290, March 1986.
[10] H. Liu and G. Xu, “A subspace method for signature waveform estimation in synchronous CDMA systems”, IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.
COM-44, no. 10, pp. 1346-1354, Oct. 1996.
[11] H. Liu and H. Yin, “Receiver design in multicarrier direct-sequence CDMA communications”, IEEE Trans. On Communications, vol. 49, no.8, pp. 1479-1487, Aug. 2001.
[12] B. Sklar, Digital communications : fundamentals and applications, 2th ed , Chapter15,Prentice-Hall International,inc.2001.
[13] L. Hanzo, M. Munster, B.J. Choi and T. Keller , OFDM and MC-CDMA for broadband multi-user communications, Wlans and broadcasting,Chapter8, IEEE Press,2003.
[14] L. Hanzo , L-L. Yang , E-L. Kuan and K. Yen , Single and Multi-carrier DS-CDMA,Chapter19, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2003.
[15] S.K. Mitra ,Digital Signal Processing , 3th ed , Chapter3, Mc.GRAW.Hill,2006 [16] D. Gesbert. and A. Paulraj, “Blind multi-user linear detection of CDMA signals in frequencyselective channels”, IEEE International Communications Conference, vol. 3 , no.7-11, pp.1335-1339, Jun 1998.
[17] C. Li and S. Roy “Subspace based blind detector for multi-carrier CDMA with virtual carriers over dispersive channels” , IEEE, Signals , Systems and Computers , vol. 1,no. 29, pp. 813 - 817, Oct. 2000.
[18] R.E. Ziemer and R.L. Peterson , Introduction to digital communications, Prentice-Hall International,Inc.2001 pp. 702-706.
[19] S. Verdu, Multiuser Detection, Chapter 5, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
[20] H.L. Van Trees, Optimum Array Processing , WILEY-INTERSCIENCE , 2002.
[21] W. C. Wu and C.J. Chen. “Receiver Design and Channel Estimation in Antenna Array Downlink MC-CDMA Communication System”, 2005 Workshop on Consumer Electronics and Signal Processing , Yunlin , Nov. 2005.
[22] J. Wu ,Y. Wang and K.K.M. Cheng, “Blind channel estimation based on subspace for multicarrier CDMA”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 4, no. 6-9, pp. 2374 - 2378, May 2001.
[23] X. Wu, A. Feng and Q. Yin, “Blind space-frequency channel estimator. for MC-CDMA systems with antenna arrays in frequency selective fading. environment”, IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, vol. 4, no. 7-11, pp. 2173 - 2177, Oct. 2001.
[24] W. Sun and H. Li., “Blind channel identification for multicarrier CDMA systems with transmit diversity”, IEEE International Conference on Communications, vol. 2 , no.28, pp.727-731, May 2002.
[25] U. Tureli , D. Kivanc and H. Liu, “Channel estimation for multicarrier CDMA”, IEEE, Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol.5,no.5-9, pp. 2909 – 2912, June 2000.
[26] W.L. Bai and Z.M. Liu, “MC-CDMA channel estimation: a first-order statistical method”, IEEE, Communications and Information Technology,vol.2,no.12-14, pp. 1376-1379, Oct. 2005.
[27] U. Tureli , D. Kivanc, and H. Liu , “Channel estimation for multicarrier CDMA”, IEEE Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol.5 , no.5-9, pp. 2909 - 2912, June 2000.
[28] W. C. Wu and C.J. Chen. “Downlink Channel Estimation in Multicarrier CDMA Communication System”, IEEE 2005 International Conference on Systems and Signals, Kaohsiung , April,2005.
[29] H. Liu , and K. Li, “A Decorrelating RAKE receiver for CDMA communications over frequency-selective fading channels,” IEEE Trans.
Communs., vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 1036-1045, July 1999.
[30] W. C. Wu and Z.M. Chang “Receiver Design Downlink MC-CDMA Communication System With Transmit Diversity”,2005 Communication Electronic Technology and Application , Kaohsiung , April,2005.
