French Library and Information Science Education Overview

French Library and Information Science Education Overview

Qiu Ziheng

Taiwan University, Institute of Library and Information Science PhD Library and Information Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, Adjunct

Lecturer Summary

This article describes the French Library and Information Science Education in the profile. The paper first shows the French Library and the education system, then introduced the French Library and Information Science professional education history, current status, and the related Program of the content, followed by the Institute of National College of Library and Information (ENSSIB) of the four learning process for the cases, the performance of the French Library and Information Science Education in the curriculum

planning features. Finally, the author concludes the French Library and Information Science Education in the three features, as the conclusion of this article.

Keywords: Library and Information Science Education; Library;

education system; France

I. Introduction French Library

The library can be divided into the French National Library,

academic libraries, municipal libraries, the central circulation (Central Lending) Library, Paris, libraries, school libraries and special libraries seven categories, the number of all types of libraries, Number of professional librarians, and the total number of staff in Table 1.

(Note 1)

】 【Table 1 Highlights of the French Library

Type Administrative Organization

Number of Library

(Service points)

Professional Librarian

The total staff

National Library

1 15 467 1,245

Academic Libraries

67 195 1,526 3,583

City Library 1,600 2,500 4,577 12,652 Central Library

Circulation

96 33,000 672 1,397

Paris Library 1 57 362 854

School Library 7,828 6,674 NA 6,971

Special Libraries (Documentation Centre)

10,000 10,000 NA 25,000

French Institute of seven library-related, although they often co- organized activities and plans, but this phenomenon reflects the differences between French Library professionals. The seven learned are: (Note 2)

1. French Librarians Association (Association des Bibliothecaires Francis, referred to as ABF, English for the Association of French Librarians), founded in 1906, is the largest library in France learn to organize.

2. Experts and specialized literature Librarian Association (Association des Documentalistes et Bibliotehcaires Specialises, referred to as ADBS, English for the Association of Documentalists and Special Librarians), established in 1963.

3. National Institute of Advanced Library Association

(Association de l'Ecole Nationale Superieure des Bibliotheques,

referred to as AENSB, English for the Assoication of the Higher National School of Libraries), was founded in 1967 to ENSSIB alumni as key members.

4. Librarians and Literature Academy of Experts (Association des Diplomes de l'Ecole des Bibliothecaires et Documentalistes, referred to as ADEBD, English for the Association of Graduates of the School of Librarianship and Documentation), founded in 1936, the Catholic Institute in Paris (Institut Catholoque de Paris) Library and

Documentation Department of the alumni as key members.

5. Public School Librarians and Literature Academy of Experts (Federation des Associations de Documentalistes-Bibliothecaires de l'Education Nationale, referred to as FADBEN, English for the Federation of Assocation of Docuemntalist-Librarian in Public Schools), the aim is to set up services in public schools Library and information professionals to organize.

6. University Librarian Association (Amicale des Directeurs de Bibliotheques Universitires, referred to as ADBU, English for the Association of Directors of University Libraries), established in 1971, devoted to library organization, management, and policy issues.

7. Central Circulation Librarian Association (Association des Diercteurs de Bibliotheques Centrales de Pret, referred to as ADBCP, English for the Association of Directors of Central Lending Libraries), curators to share their experiences, development of

standards.

Library and information professionals in France can be divided into

the civil service (civil servant) and literature expert (documentalist) 2

system. In 1952, the French laws and regulations need to pass

entrance exams approved by the Library Board in order to obtain

professional qualifications of librarians in public libraries in the

service. (Note 3) the kinds of civil servants eligible to turn into

conservaterus (professional librarians, English for the graduate librarian),

bibliothecaires (librarian), bibliothecaires adjoints (Library Assistant) in

three classes. (Note 4) professional librarians are usually higher in

the National Library and Information Institute (Ecole Nationale

Superieure des Sciences de I'Information et les Bibliotheques, referred to as ENSSIB) receive professional education. French literature expert in professional education, the literature mainly by the National

Institute of Technology (Institut Naitonal des Techniques de la Documentation, short INTD) to provide.

Two, the French educational system

As the French education system and our country is different information in the study of professional education before their books, it is necessary first to France to have a understanding of the education system. Here's the French education system, and to outline the character, read this article as a reference for follow-up information. France's education system can be roughly divided into four, Table 2 for the names of the schools at all levels, a degree / diploma, and the length of study. (Note 5)

【Form 2】 List of French educational system

Level Schools and degree / diploma type Duration time

Primary 6-year-old school 5 years

Secondary Enseignement secondaire (general courses) Junior high

4 years

High School

Baccalaureat exam General Certificate of Education Diploma

Vocational Qualifications Certificate of Education Diploma Technology Section

3 years 2 years

Tertiary DUT Technical College Diploma DEUG Diploma of general university education

2 years

Licence (Academic Degree) Master of the University of the first 3 years

3 years (2

+1)

Post-tertiary Martrise (Master Degree) University 4-year Master

1 year

DEA Diploma in Advanced Study

DESS diploma of higher professional studies

2 years

Doctorat (Doctor), Dr. More than 1

year, 5 years limited

From this, the French education system is characterized by: (Note 6) 1. Out of five, four, three, two, one system -

Kindergarten is not, length of primary schools is five years, a four- year junior high school for three years, the University two years, the university's first master's degree (Licence) for one year. Higher after the second master (Martrise) need further year of study, then To doctorate normally takes a DEA or DESS diploma before they can apply (7), doctoral program of study is required in principle two to five years. Thus, although the French educational system and the United States and China are different, the number of years needed to achieve the highest degree on the close, as to get a doctorate from the University, the fastest in the United States about seven years, while in France almost so.

2. Emphasis on professional qualifications training -

French society and educational institutions special attention on the professional qualifications, so in the high school stage, to

differentiate the professional ability and qualifications for various

training courses, more professional schools after high school,

technical colleges, engineering colleges, their qualifications

certificate and diploma, all have a variety of expertise and

qualifications to prove.

Participation, French Library and Information Science Education

France in the nineteenth century, the professional training of librarians is ignored, so the library was often managed by the book lovers. To the early twentieth century, before there are some for the library staff set up the courses, these courses are simple, but the French Librarians Association (ABF) is still work to extend this approach to train and unite librarians.

Bureau of 1963, the efforts of the library was formed under the National Higher Institute Library (which in 1992 changed its name to the National Higher School of Library and Information that ENSSIB), this school offers training in a different way primary school library Museum staff also training the library management and leadership of professional librarians. (Note 8) Generally speaking, a rigorous entrance examination of government scholarships, graduate or professional librarians (conservaterus) the eligibility of the school's self- financed and foreign students can not because of graduation

automatic civil servants. In addition, the National Archives Institute (Ecole Nationale des Chartes, referred to as ENC) of the graduates have conservaterus qualifications, can be a special department in the

academic library or archive centers. The literature in 1950 established the National Institute of Technology (INTD), is the

training of IT workers and literature major educational institutions in the experts. (Note 9)

French Library and Information professional education is higher in the "short-term education" institutions (Such as the Institute of Technology) and "long education" institutions (such as independent professional colleges or universities in general) to provide. Hereby are summarized as follows:

1. Short-term education -

Short-term education, training focuses on knowledge and skills, a

university education in basic training, in its attached to the two-year

technical college (Institut Universitaire de Technologie, called IUT) in

the implementation of the system was founded in 1965 to early 1990,

metropolitan France has There are 68 such educational institutions to provide vocational training, including 8 of the information

provided in the related science and philology Program (see Table 3).

Two-year technical colleges to apply for high school graduates each year during April, the first to apply the relevant provisions set by each department to pay the school grades and volunteer selection form, the review panel after admission, to assess their performance or ability to decide whether to accept admission. In addition, IUT has also recruited a general university education diploma (DEUG) students, they need only attend one-year course, you can access Technical College Diploma (DUT). (Note 10)

2. Long-term education -

Long-term education and emphasizing theory, by an independent professional college or university to provide general (Note 11).

Professional Education in Library and Information Science School of Management has the National Archives (ENC), the National Higher School of Library and Information (ENSSIB), and attached to the National Technology Museum (Conservatoire National des Arts et

Metiers, referred to as CNAM) of the National Literature Institute of Technology (INTD) other independent professional schools. (Note 12) In general the university 2 years of study, the general university education available DEUG Diploma graduates have no skills as such, difficult to find a satisfying job, so those interested in the Library and Information professional students choose to study sub-DUT diploma, while others continue to pursue the Master of Library and Information (Licence and Martrise) Program, and after the study of Higher Professional Diploma (DESS). (Note 13)

Wantonly, French Library and Information Science Production Process

Table 3 lists the 14 French Library and Information Professional Education Program to provide schools, of which three are

independent professional schools, three university or college in the department, eight university affiliated Institute of Technology

Program offered. (14)

【Table 3】 France-related Library and Information Science Program List

Independent professional schools School Name /

department

Program / Level

Degree / Diploma

Duration time / credit hour

Entry

Requirements Ecole Nationale des

Chartes

(National School of Archival

Management) Founded in 1821

Diploma Program For Archivist- Paleographer / Post-tertiary (Graduate)

Diploma of

Archivist-Paleographer

3 yr. Academic study;

3 m. praticla work. / NA

University degree

Ecole Nationale Superieure Des Sciences de l'Information

et des Bibliotheques, Short ENSSIB (Note 15) (Higher National School of

Library and Information Science)

Founded in 1963 (16)

CAFB (Certificate Program in Library Science)

/ Post-secondary

CAFB

(Certificate Program in Library

Science)

1 yr. Full-time / 200 h. academic study;

80 h. practical work.

Secondary school Certificate;

2 foreign languages;

Entrance exam

DCB

(Chief Librarian Diploma) / Post-tertiary (Graduate)

DCB

(Chief Librarian Diploma)

1 yr. Full-time / 480 h. academic study;

250 h. practical work.

Academic degree (Licence) in any subject;

2 foreign languages;

Entrance exam

FESSID DESS 1 yr. / Master degree

(Diploma in Documentary Engineering) / Post-tertiary (Post-graduate)

* With Univ. Claude Bernard-Lyon1 Cooperation Program

See next section for detail description

(Martrise);

DPSSID

(Higher Professional Diploma in Library & Information Sciences) / Post-tertiary (Post-graduate)

DESS

* And UNESCO for French

Commission co- operation

Specifically for the European Union, State students and Expert Design Program

1 yr full-time (8 m course work, 4 m practical work) See next section for detail description

Institut National des Techniques de la

Documentation, referred to as INTD

(National Institute of

Postgraduate Diploma Program

In Information Science / Post-tertiary (Post-graduate)

DESS

Postgraduate Diploma in Information Science

1 yr. /

NA

Information Science) Founded in 1950

University or college in the Department of School Name /

department

Program / Level

Degree / Diploma

Duration time / credit hour

Entry

Requirements Institut Catholoque de Paris.

(Catholic Institute of Paris) Ecole de Bibliothecaires- Documentalistes.

(School of Librarianship and Documentation) Founded in 1935

Diploma Program in Librarianship / Post-secondary

Diploma in Librarianship And

Documentation

2 yr. /

35 h per week, including practical work

Secondary school Certificate;

1 foreign language

Universite Claude Bernard (Univ. of Claude Bernard) Departement de Sciences de l'Information

(Dept. of Information Science)

Postgraduate Diploma Program in Information Science / Post-tertiary (Post-graduate)

DESS en Inforatique Documentaire (Postgraduate Diploma in Information Science

1 yr full-time / 400 h academic study

MS (Martrise Scientifique) or Higher Diploma in Librarianship;

1 foreign language (English)

Universite Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III.

Master Degree Program in

Master in

Information Science

2 yr /

600 h academic study,

DEUG;

1 foreign language

(Univ. of Michel de Montaigne

- Bordeaux III)

Institut des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication, referred to ISIC

(Institute of Information Science and

Communication) Founded in 1967,

Information Science and

Communication / Post-tertiary (Graduate)

and

Communication

1200 h practical work

University College attached to two years (IUT) School Name /

department

Program / Level

Degree / Diploma

Duration time / credit hour

Entry

Requirements Universite de Bourgogne

(Univ. of Bourgogne), IUT,

Departement Carrieres de l'Information (Dept. of Information Studies)

Founded in 1968

Diploma Program in Technology (Option - Documentation) / Post-secondary

DUT (University Diploma in Technology)

2 yr full-time / 1800 h + 8 w

compulsory placement

Secondary school Certificate;

2 foreign language

(English and either

Spanish or German)

Universite de Franche (Univ. of Franche), IUT,

Departement Carrieres de l'Information (Dept. of Information Studies)

Founded in 1968

Diploma Program in Technology (Option - Documentation) / Post-secondary

DUT (University Diploma in Technology)

2 yr full-time / 1670 h, + 8 w

compulsory placement

Secondary school Certificate;

2 foreign language (English and either Spanish or German)

Universite de Francois Rabelais

(Univ. of Francois Rabelais),

IUT,

(Univ. Institute of Technology)

Departement Carrieres de l'Information (Dept. of Information Studies)

Diploma Program In Technology (Option - Documentation) / Post-secondary

DUT (University Diploma in Technology)

2 yr / 1700 h,

+10 W practical work

Secondary school Certificate;

2 foreign language (English and either Spanish or German)

Universite de Nancy I.

(Univ. of Nancy I),

Diploma Program In Technology

DUT (University

2 yr /

1700 h,

IUT,

Departement Carrieres de l'Information (Dept. of Information Studies)

(Option - Documentation) / Post-secondary

Diploma in Technology)

+10 W practical work

Universite de Paul Sabatier (Univ. of Paul Sabatier), IUT,

Departement Information et Communication

(Dept. of Information and Communication Studies) Founded in 1966

Training for the

Information Communication Studies

(Option - Documentation) / Post-secondary

DUT (University Diploma in Technology)

2 yr full-time / 1777 h, + 8 w compulsory placement

Universite Rene Descartes - Paris V.

(Univ. of Rene Descartes - Paris V.),

IUT,

Departement Information et Communication

(Dept. of Information and

Diploma Program In Technology (Option - Documentation) / Post-secondary

DUT (University Diploma in Technology)

2 yr / 1700 h

+ 9w practical work

Communication Studies) Founded in 1977

Universite Pierre Mendes- France - Grenoble II.

(Univ. of Pierre Mendes- France - Grenoble II.), IUT,

Departement Carrieres de l'Information (Dept. of Information Studies)

Founded in 1974

Diploma Program In Technology (Option - Documentation) / Post-secondary

DUT (University Diploma in Technology)

2 yr (after Baccalaureat);

1 yr (after DEUG) /

1688 h + 12 w practical work (2 y program);

300 h + 8 w practical work (1 y program)

Universite Robert Schuman- Strasbourg III.

(Univ. of Robert Schuman- Strasbourg III.),

IUT,

Departement Carrieres de l'Information (Dept. of Information

Diploma Program In Technology (Option - Documentation) / Post-secondary

DUT (University Diploma in Technology)

2 yr (after Baccalaureat);

1 yr (after DEUG) /

1468 h + 8 w practical work (2 y program);

960 h + 8 w practical

work (1 y program)

Studies)

Founded in 1967,

Wu, French Library and Information Science Program content: The ENSSIB example (Note 17)

This section describes the four learning process ENSSIB content, to further show the French Library and Information Science Education in the curriculum planning features.

1. Program 1: CAFB (Certificate Program in Library Science), based on its goal of training library staf

By the curriculum, internships, and job three components. In the curriculum, further divided into basic and specialty elective subjects.

Foundation subjects are divided into the following six categories:

Library Management (Library Management), Information Technology (General IT and library IT), library services (Library Public and Services), bibliography, and collections (Bibliology and collection), Information Processing (Information Processing), as well as literature research (Documentary research). In addition, the school also held a variety of supplementary training for students to choose, such as: Office of Information Technology, English and so on.

2. Program 2: DCB (Chief Librarian Diploma), its objectives for the library management of the professional training of librarians

By the curriculum, internships, and job three components. In the

course include: 5 Core subjects (total 600 hours), optional (need 100

to 200 hours), and commercial software, the Internet, in English and

other auxiliary training. Core subject of the following topics:

 Library (Libraries) - including the mission, status, budget and construction.

 Collections (Collections) - including interviews, cataloging, literature research, collection preservation.

 Readers and librarians (Public and Staff) - including reading sociology (sociology of reading), the current situation, and management.

 Environment (Environment) - including publishing, information flow, and economics.

 IT (Information Technology) - including computers, the Internet, digital documents, library automation.

3. Program 3: FESSID (Diploma in Documentary Engineering), its objective information and philology training of the professionals

By the curriculum and operations of two parts. The curriculum is divided into six categories, and 20 hours of computer classes and 20 hours of job search skills remedial programs. The following lists the contents of these six courses, and the number of hours required to repair:

 General Information Technology (General IT) 84 hours - including communications and networking, Unix systems, correlation database, ACCESS, information system design.

 Electronic Document (Electronic document) 93 hours - including the Internet, structured documents, electronic document management, multimedia, workflow control, group software (groupware), natural language processing, electronic publishing.

 Information Technology (Document IT) 93 hours - including documents software, library management system, case

studies, electronic library, electronic document management, web server and interface design.

 Documents related to project management (Documentary

project management) 69 hours - including systems analysis,

requirements and specifications to develop the book, quality

management, marketing and management, project management, case studies, survey techniques.

 Secondary Literature (Secondary document) 114 hours -

including the channel of information, bibliographic description, specialized bibliographies, document language, thesaurus, literature research, related regulations and commercial information, the establishment and collection of such document.

 English (English) 50 小时.

In addition, in operation, the titles accounted for 100 hours of study, research projects accounted for 200 hours, individuals accounted for 200 hours work.

4. Program 4: DPSSID (Higher Professional Diploma in Library &

Information Sciences), the target for the EU other plans home training senior personnel of Library and

Information

By the curriculum, internships, work, and visit the four

components. Planning the distribution in the curriculum courses in five of 20 credits, and available in English and office information technology supporting training in the following five courses which are listed:

 Introduction to Library Science (Discovering the library field) - including a library of functions and organization, information economics, the library reader research, library practice, survey methods, the library building and development.

 Library Management (Library management) - including information flow, marketing management, service quality, human resources management.

 Library and Information Technology (Libraries and IT) - including the introduction of information technology, information technology applications, communications and networking, library and computer-based management.

 Literature collection and processing (Acquiring and processing

documents) - including literature research, specialty literature,

information description, analysis and indexing, collection management, audio-visual information management.

 Libraries and international activities (Libraries and international activities) - including all types of libraries, cultural heritage and promotion of the collections.

In addition, since the Program's students are foreigners, so many books arranged itinerary information relevant institutions to bring the students the various types of libraries in France the work of professional, there is a deeper realization.

Lu, Conclusion

Comprehensive information on previous sections, the author concludes the French Library and Information Science Education in the following three features, as the concluding remarks of this article.

1. Library and Information Science Stream:

　　 The mid-1970s, many schools started to provide

documentation and Information Science Program-related (18), is related to information science degree program that accounts for nearly eight percent (11/14), and more with the combination of

communication. The Library of education only by the Paris Catholic Institute, Department of Library Science and Documentation, and ENSSIB to provide.

2. Program attached great importance to the multi- language capabilities:

France is Western Europe, the west Atlantic, south of the

Mediterranean, the North across the English Channel and the United Kingdom Looking to the northeast of Germany, Belgium,

Luxembourg and other countries with border, southwest to the Pyrenees Mountains and the Spanish boundary, southeast to the Alps and Italy adjacent. (Note 19) Perhaps because of this

geopolitical relations, the learning process have attached great

importance to students of foreign languages. Level in the IUT that

is one to two kinds of foreign language ability requirements, usually specified in English the first foreign language and more, and the second by the German and Spanish language Choose one. Some Program (such as the Universite de Paul Sabatier, IUT of Information and Communication Department) or the certificate requires students to obtain foreign language skills, and to use the language of the environment (or abroad) to do internships. (20) In addition, Universite Pierre Mendes-France - Grenoble II. IUT information system and ENSSIB learning more with the German exchange student in Library and Information School signed an agreement to allow students to Germany in German class, and even get a diploma in Germany . (21)

3. Emphasis on the theoretical and practical training of:

　　 IUT of this re-education knowledge and skills development unit to provide the French Library and Information Science Education in the major places (8 / 14), while the practical integration of this technology in the curriculum is the School of Education features. In addition, the French only three schools to provide professional

librarian education (but file management experts ENC is dominated culture), and its library, the library collection is not rich, such as: the Department of State's ENSSIB the map collection of books 15 000, 160 kinds of journals (Note 22), while the private Catholic Institute of Paris, Department of map data collection of books 1000 plan, 15 kinds of journals (Note 23). And although ENSSIB master degree students can participate and University of Lyons cooperative learning process to obtain a doctorate, but the French did not Library Science Ph.D.

Program. (Note 24) Therefore, I believe that the French Library and Information Science Education with particular emphasis on practical orientation.

(Acknowledgement: This article Cheng Hu Shuzhao teachers in the classroom corrections and suggestions, grateful)

Explanatory Note

1. Chauveinc, M. (1993) "France" in World Encyclopedia of Library and

Information Services. 3

ed. (Chicago: ALA): 300.

2. With the former note, pages 305-306.

3. Zheng Ting (1989). Western Europe the cause of Library and Information Science. (Beijing: Beijing University Press).

Pages 163-164.

4. With Note 1, page 305.

5. Fang, JR, Stueart, RD, Tuamsuk, K. ed. (1995). World Guide to Library, Archive and Information Science Education. 2

ed. (Munchen: KG Saur.) : 107-108. Chinese Translation Source: Forest expensive U.S.

(1991). French education system. (New York: Simon and Schuster). Pages 33-34, 41, 333-341.

6. Lin your U.S. (1991). French education system. (New York:

Simon and Schuster). Pages 41-42.

7. With the former note, p. 247.

8. With Note 3, page 163-164.

9. With Note 1, page 306.

10. With Note 6, page 231, 235-236.

11. With Note 6, page 241.

12. With Note 3, page 164.

13. With Note 6, page 245-247.

14. With note 5, pp 108-120.

15. ENSSIB of the four Program information by website (WWW = http://www.enssib.fr/english_version/ ) access, and integration with the information note 15.

16. With Note 3, page 164.

17. ENSSIB website. retrieved in 2001/1/15 from WWW = http://www.enssib.fr/english_version/

18. With Note 1, page 306.

19. With Note 6, page 1.

20. Couzinet, V. (1996). "The multi-lingual information officer: educating European information professionals" Education for Information 14: 112-114.

21. Vodosek, P. (1994). "National and regional models of collaboration between teaching and research institutions within the field of library and information science: with the Fachhochschyle fur Bibliothekswesen Stuttgart (FHB) as an example" Education for Information 12: 371-372 .

22. With Note 5, page 109.

23. With Note 5, page 110.

24. With Note 1, page 306.