Annual Report, 1992 - 1993

CHAIRMAN'S

This is the fifth Annual Report of the University, covering the period from 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993 - our second year as an ongoing university. This year's enrolment of undergraduate and postgraduate students was 2,150 and almost triple that of the previous year. Our faculty also tripled but, as the academic profile shows, not at the expense of quality. We will continue to grow at a breathtaking speed during the coming few years. The student body is expected to reach 3,500 in the next academic year and 5,200 in 1994-95. We believe such a rapid rate of expansion must be unprecedented anywhere.

This year saw the completion of the second phase of our campus, giving us the capacity to accommodate up to 7,000 students and providing, in particular, some much needed recreational and sporting facilities for the students. We are again indebted to the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club for managing the design and construction of this impressive campus. Without their contribution, both financially and in project management, this University would not have been able to open its doors for the first batch of studen ts in 1991 - three years earlier than the original plan.

During this second year of our operations major steps were taken towards the goal of establishing this University as an eminent research university. A subsidiary, known as HKUST RandD Corporation Limited, was formed and registered to function as the University's agent in marketing our research, development and consulting services as well as our intellectual properties.

The Public Accounts Committee of the Legislative Council continued its . deliberations throughout 1992 on questions raised in

the Director of Audit's report on "Planning and Finan -cial Control by the Government on Building the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology". After spending nearly 18 months and holding 5 public hear-ings, the Public Accounts Committee eventually issued its report in March 1993, in which the Committee did not find any fault on the part of the U n~versity. The University Council was gratified that the University had been vindicated and its reputation cleared of the unfair accusations and damaging innuendoes that had been directed against it during a long period of adverse pub -licit),.

The latest indications are that the final cost for the design and construction of the campus is some $250 million, or about 7%, below the budget of $3,548 million, approved by the Finance Committee of the Legislature in June 1990.

Sir Sze-Ylle/l CHUN(.~ GBE, JP BSc (EIIg) (HOIIS), PhD, DSc(HoII), LLD (HOII), DEIIg (HOII), DBA(HoII), FEIIg, HOllFIMechE, HOl1FHKIE, FIMfgE, CBIM, Order of the Srw'ed TrCflSllre (japrl1l) C/1fIil'lllflll Of the Hospital Allthority Formel' Sellior Member ofthc ExcClltiJ'c aud LcgislMiJ'c COllllcils Chairmall, Uuil'crsity COllllcil

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It was with great sadness that we heard of the sudden and untimely death of the Honourable Stephen Cheong Kam-chuen, a founding member of the University Council. He was involved in this university project from the very beginning in 1986 and has made enormous contributions, particularly in the recruitment of overseas academics and in the development of resources for the University. He will be sorely missed by all of us.

VICE-CHANCELLOR'S O V E R V I E W _ v i

In

the life of such a young and rapidly growing University, each year is filled with important new milestones and challenges. This year is certainly no exception. The second phase of our massive campus construction project was com-pleted under the management of the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club, on time and under budget; and our staff began the arduous but exciting task of occupying and equipping these new facilities for teaching and research. Against this background of people and facilities in motion, the basic work of the institution proceeded, and our first group of students completed the requirements for their degrees at the Master's level. On a more light-hearted note, this year also saw the birth of the University's mascot, a robot named

ApoLLo,

which we hope will grow and learn along with us as the years go by.

During this year, the encouraging pattern that we saw in our early recruiting efforts persisted, giving us reason to believe that our ambitious goals are achievable. The statistical profile of our faculty is truly impressive. Of the 330 academic staff recruited by June ofrhis year, all hold the doctoral degree (or will have earned their doctorates by the time they report for duty). More than one-third of our faculty have earned their doctorates from 10 of the most prestigious institutions in North America. Fully 85% of the faculty earned their doctorates, pursued postdoctoral studies, or taught in institutions that would surely appear on anyone's list of the world's top universities.

In this year, our enrolment was nearly triple the number of students that made up our first class. With more than 2,000 students on campus, the main features of our student profile also became clear. They come from families with an average of five members living together at home. More than 60% of their homes are government subsidised. Half have neither a room nor a desk to call their own. As a group, these young people are representative of the tremendous changes which are occurring in Hong Kong. While only 13% of their fathers and 6% of

their mothers attended school beyond the secondary level, nearly 40% have siblings attending post-second -ary institutions. We can all take pride in being part of this dramatic increase in educational level that is taking place in only a single generation.

This eventful year was not without its setbacks. The controversy that arose from misunderstandings about the cost of campus construction flared up briefly. The official report on this matter, which for the most part set to rest the distortions of fact that had been given wide publicity, was marred by a three-member statement that dredged up the old issue of the selection

of the campus design. Members of the original Planning

Prof Chia-Wei Woo BS, MA, PhD

I~~I---Committee had to take time out from productive tasks to explain, once again, their unanimous decision to select a design for the University that is elegant and functional, a design that is by now universally admired.

The whole University community was saddened by the loss of one of its true friends and founders, Council member Stephen CHEONG Kam-chuen. The greatest tribute that we can pay him is to dedicate ourselves to completing the task that he helped to begin: the building of a great technological university for Hong Kong.

ONTENTS

CHAIRMAN'S FOREWORD

VICE-CHANCELLOR'S O VERVIEW

A YEAR IN REVIEW

CAMPUS CONSTRUCTION

TEACHING

RESEARCH

ACADEMIC SUPPORT SERVICES

FINANCE

REPORT OF THE PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE

STUDENTS

UNIVERSITY STAFF

UNIVERSITY COUNCIL, SENATE, AND COURT

CALENDAR OF MAJOR EVENTS

ApPENDICES

A. (i) Balance Sheet

(ii) Income & Expenditure Statement

B. Donations and Pledges

C. HKUST Architectural Design

D. The Faculty

E. Council, Senate, Advisory Board & Committees

iii V 3 7 15 27 33 37 41 45 49 53 65 66 67 72 79 95

N REVIEW

,

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The

year from 1 July 1992 to 30 June 1993 sa\v the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology continue its rapid development with both the student body and the faculty nearly tripling in size, and the campus itself taking on the dimensions that will sustain the University's growth through the next five years.

In 1992-93 the University conducted its second year of classes. During this academic year, many of the postgraduates who were among the first students to enrol at HKUST in 1991 completed the requirements for their Master's degrees, thus becoming the University's first graduates. While some have elected to continue their postgraduate studies, others now enter the world to begin their careers as the first proud products of this young University.

Energetic and dedicated students, state-of-the-art teaching and research facili-ties, and an extremely gifted faculty - these are the elements of a University well on its way to becoming the premier technol0gical institution in the region.

Highlights of the year:

• With the completion and handover of Phase II of the campus, the Univer-sity is now in full possession of a well-conceived and splendidly realised physical plant - one with more than twice the previous floor space for offices, classrooms, and laboratories; additional housing for students and staff; and a waterfront complex providing much anticipated athletic facili-ties.

• New undergraduate programmes began in applied physics, civil and struc-tural engineering, and mechanical engineering. The School of Business and Management launched its PhD programme and introduced courses giving postgraduate and undergraduate students the opportunity to apply business concepts to real-world situations.

• Research and development facilities have been augmented with the estab-lishment of three new research laboratories in the areas of laser physics and photonics, semiconductor clusters, and thin film physics.

• Technology transfer, one of the University's major objectives, has been facilitated with the creation of the HKUST RandD Corporation, a company formed to promote and market the University's products, services, and intellectual properties.

• Faculty recruitment continues at the unprecedented pace of more than 10 appointments per month. Even more impressive under these conditions is the extremely high quality of the HKUST faculty, the vast majority of whom bear proud affiliation with the world's best research universities.

management of the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club, major construction work continued throughout 1992 with the aim of completing Phase II of the University campus. This goal was met on time and under budget, giving the University precious new office space, a full complement of teaching and research laboratories, and the capacity to accommodate up to 7,000 students.

The academic building's new addition has a gross floor space of 82,872 sq. m. and cost $900 million; it was turned over to the University in the period from 30 November 1992 to 20 January 1993. Staff then had the arduous but exciting task of occupying and equipping the new lecture theatres, classrooms, laboratories, and offices. By the start of the spring semester on 15 February 1993, the teaching t:1Cilities were fitted out and ready to use. Renovation work in the Phase I space to provide suitable accommodation for its permanent occupants continues and is scheduled for completion by the end of 1993.

Major landscaping contracts carried out during the year are already enhancing the natural beauty of the campus.

In November 1992 the University took possession of four newly completed residential halls with accommodation for some 1,400 students. Fitting out contracts were completed in time to allow all residents to take up occupancy before the start of

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the second semester in February 1993. The new halls meant that all students who wanted to live on campus this past year could. But starting next fall, the percentage will decline as the size of the student body increases with progressively larger incoming classes.

Additional residences for 130 staff and their families were also completed in early 1993.

The outdoor sports facilities comprising an all-weather athletics tracle, soccer pitch, grandstand and changing rooms, together with facilities for tennis and basket-ball were brought into use in late 1992. The 50-metre s\vimming pool was opened in time for the start of the swimming season in April 1993.

As the involvement of the University with the Jockey Club draws to a close, it is appropriate to pay tribute to the thousands of people who, under the project direction of the Jockey Club, helped design, build, and furnish a research university dedicated to science and technology that will contribute to the long-term prosperity of Hong Kong.

The Jockey Club's association with HKUST began in October 1986 when it offered to build the University and meet most of its construction costs. At the end of 1993, some seven years later and with the closing of its site management office on campus, its role as project controller for the construction of the University will effectively end.

At the height of construction, the Jockey Club employed a total of 63 people on the project, including engineers, programmers, inspectors, and clerical staff, most of whom assisted the consultants in ensuring that the works were built to the appropriate standard. Throughout the whole construction period, the Jockey Club

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Project Controllers were William

J.

Greig succeeded by Frank Storey, who did a magnificent job in orchestrating the Jockey Club's mission to build a university that Hong Kong could be twly proud of.

In all, over 80 contracts and subcontracts were awarded with values ranging from $1 billion to $100,000. During the course of the project, more than half a million cubic metres of rock were removed, mainly by using explosives, and half a million tonnes of concrete were poured, 10,000 doors installed, and 9 million external tiles placed.

The University and the Hong Kong community owe a great debt of gratitude to the Stewards of the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club and its dedicated staff. The Club's massive donation of$1,926 million towards the capital cost of the University and its role as project controller were decisive factors not only in the construction of the campus, but also in the achievement of the early opening of the University in 1991, some three years ahead of schedule.

TEACHING

Hong Kong University of Science and Technology compnses the School of Science, the School of Engineering, the School of Business and Manage-ment, and the School of Humanities and Social Science.

Undergraduate and postgraduate programmes are offered in each of the schools except for Humanities and Social Science, which offers postgraduate degree programmes while providing general education courses for undergraduates in the other schools.

SCHOOL

OF SCIENCE

In 1992-93, much work was done to refine the undergraduate and postgradu-ate programmes of the School of Science to meet its objective of providing research· oriented education to the Hong Kong community.

The School takes pride in being able to attract quality students from Hong Kong and the region to its postgraduate programmes. Its first batch of students completed MPhil or MSc degree studies this year.

The Department of Biochemistry has sponsored a series of seminars covering many aspects of the frontiers in biochemistry and biotechnology. These seminars, which were conducted by speakers invited from different world-renowned research institutes and universities in China, North America, and the U .K., proved stimulating and enriching to both students and faculty.

The Department of Biology has undertaken a comprehensive revision of its undergraduate and postgraduate curricula. New electives in the areas of cell/molec u-lar biology, organismal biology, marine biology, and environmental biology were introduced to address the current and future needs of Hong Kong and its neig h-bours. The postgraduate curriculum manifests the expertise and research interests of the Biology faculty and brings students to the forefront of biological knowledge.

Undergraduate students in Chemistry increased from 41 to 92, and the logistics of providing for these students, plus majors from biochemistry, biology, and physics, were considerable given that the department also had to move its laborato -ries from Phase I to Phase II. Postgraduate enrolment also increased, and the department conducted its first doctoral qualifYing examinations.

The Department of Mathematics introduced a new undergraduate programme in scientific computation that emphasises large-scale computation and the develop-ment of reliable, accurate, and economic algorithms. In addition, development of undergraduate programmes in mathematical science continues.

Mr Kin YIP, an MPhil student in the Department of Physics, has ,von a prestigious Rhodes Scholarship and will study for his DPhil at Oxford. The depart -ment also launched its Summer Undergraduate Research Programme by selecting 12

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and deepen their interest in physics. In addition to its existing BSc degree pro

-gramme in physics, the department has introduced the BSc degree programme in applied physics which consists of three options; namely, computational physics, laser and optical physics, and materials physics.

All departments experienced their share of the University's expanding enrol -ment as shown in the following table:

HE ENROLMENT: SCHOOL OF SCIENCE

TAUGHT RESEARCH

DEPARTMENT / UNDERGRADUATE POSTGRADUATE POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMMES _{91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95}

ACTUAL PLANNED ACTUAL PLANNED ACTUAL PLANNED

Biochemistry 24 27 104 143 7 14 32 51 Biology 41 100 161 215 5.5 14 32 51 Biotechnology 10 20 Chemistry 42 92 163 216 7 20.5 33 52 Mathematics 40 124 190 278 3.5 5.5 7 8 9.5 19 33 52 Physics 42 88 168 231 2.5 4 5 6 7 18.5 33 52 TOTAL 189 461 786 1083 6 9.5 22 34 36 86 162 258 SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

The School of Engineering began two new undergraduate program.mes in 1992-93, one in civil and structural engineering and the other in mechanical engineering. The Departments of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Eng ineer-ing finalised their curricula durineer-ing the year, and will begin both their undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in September 1993. Undergraduate students in the School also received industrial training for the first time as 188 students made use of the training facilities of the Hong Kong Polytechnic Industrial Centre during the winter session. A cross-discipline undergraduate programme in Computer Engineer-ing jointly administered by the Departments of Computer Science and Electrical and Electronic Engineering was approved and will accept its first students in 1994-95. The School also will see its first postgraduate students complete their studies: 22 full

-time and seven part-time MSc and MPhil students are expected to receive their degrees at the fall 1993 congregation.

As yet Hong Kong does not have a university degree programme in chemical engineering, and 1992-93 saw intensive preparations at HKUST to take in some 40 undergraduates, eight taught postgraduates, and 10 research postgraduates into this field of study in fall 1993. Graduates from the Department of Chemical Eng ineer-ing will make important contributions to industries ranging from textiles to micro

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The first intake of undergraduate and postgraduate students by the Depart-ment of Civil and Structural Engineering took place in September 1992. Cogni-sant of the importance of professional accreditation in engineering disciplines, the Civil and Structural Engineering Department sought professional accreditation from the appropriate professional institutions in 1992-93. Mter a visit by the Joint Board of Moderators from the U.K., the undergraduate programme was accredited provi-sionally with a view to formal accreditation after the first graduates are produced in 1995.

With an increase in faculty numbers from 12 to 25 during the year, the Department of Computer Science was able to significantly increase the number of courses taught and to revise the curriculum to better reflect the state-of-the-art in computer science education. The department also conducted its first PhD qualifying examinations.

The student body doubled in number and the faculty increased from 11 to 21 in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Its intake ofl40 new students to the undergraduate programme had the best Advanced Level average scores among students in all departments. The undergraduate curriculum was strength -ened in vigor and relevance, ,vhile greater emphasis was put on postgraduate research programmes. Six postgraduate students are expected to complete their MSc and MPhii studies this year.

Mechanical Engineering had its first intake of undergraduates in 1992-93 while attaining the largest population of doctoral students of any department in the University. With an intake of only one female undergraduate, the Mechanical Engineering Department, along with the other engineering departments, has set for

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itself a goal to significantly increase its enrolment of female students.

Past, present, and potential future enrolments in the School of Engineering are:

HE ENROLMENT SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

TAUGHT RESEARCH

DEPARTMENT UNDERGRADUATE POSTGRADUATE POSTGRADUATE 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95

ACTUAL PLANNED ACTUAL PLANNED ACTUAL PLANNED

Chemical Eng 40 107 8 13 7

Civil & Structural Eng 47 100 194 4.5 10 10 8 2 7.5 19 Computer Science 121 264 379 463 8 15.5 20 19 13 36.5 65 Electrical & Electronic Eng 117 253 380 468 11 15 20 24 5.5 23.5 53.5

Industrial Eng 40 107 4 11 4

Mechanical Eng 37 100 194 7.5 12.5 20 25 4.5 16 25.5

TOTAL 238 601 1039 1533 31 53 82 100 25 83.5 124

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

As HKUST advanced into its second year of teaching, the School of Business and Management introduced courses giving students the opportunity to applY

business concepts taught in the classroom to "real-world" business settings. At the

postgraduate level, teams of MBA students, working under the supervision offacultv advisers, conducted five-month-long consulting projects for client companies. The

teams produced written and oral reports for company managers which summarised student diagnoses, analyses, and recommendations regarding key company issues.

Projects conducted this year studied distribution channels for a major airline, market

development for a television enterplise, and tl1e feasibility of property-backed seCLuitisation for a Hong Kong bank.

Both postgraduate and undergraduate students participated in student internships

- opportunities to work in companies on a curriculum-related project while earning

course credits rather than a salary. Each student intern spent approximately eight

hours per ,"veek on a project that combined academic and practical work experience. For example, student interns this past year undertook marketing research for the American Consulate General in Hong Kong, producing reports on the use of specialty steel in construction, satellite dish TV receivers, retirement/pension scheme

management agencies, and advertising agencies.

All undergraduate business students at HKUST are require? to complete a

course in business communication. This past year, to satis!)! a portion of the require

-ments for this course, more than 500 students worked in teams to analyze the communication patterns used in more than 120 Hong Kong companies. Students

contacted the companies, conducted interviews, and prepared oral and written

14 30 80 73 16 53 266

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reports. The team presentations were videotaped for the companies and the videotapes were also used to provide instruction to the students on business communication techniq ues.

At the postgraduate level, the School of Business and Management is commit -ted to the training of young researchers who would like to pursue a research career in academic, business, or government institutions. During 1992-93, the School launched its PhD programme, modeled on a North American format: to attain the doctorate, students are required to complete the equivalent of two years of rigorous coursework as well as a dissertation based on original research. Among the first student intake are several members of business faculties at other tertiary institutions in Hong Kong.

HE ENROLMENT : SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

TAUGHT RESEARCH

DEPARTMENT UNDERGRADUATE POSTGRADUA TE POSTGRADUATE

91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 ACTUAL PLANNED ACTUAL PLANNED ACTUAL PLANNED

Accounting 51 129 189 254 11 10 14 17 3 6 9

Business Info. Systems 98 142 255 12 16 20 3

Economics 58 102 194 252 28 24 33 40 2 4 6

Finance 54 87 192 254 32 55 76 90 4 8 12

Management 171 142 255 15 21 25 2 3

Marketing 98 141 254 11 15 18 2

TOTAL 163 685 1000 1524 72 127 175 210 10 22 35

SCHOOL OF

HUMANITIES

AND

SOCIAL SCIENCE

The role of the School of Humanities and Social Science is twofold. First, it supports undergraduate programmes in the other schools by illuminating the social, regional, and international contexts of science, technology, and business enterprise.

This appreciation of the social contexts of human endeavour is crucial to the education of the region's future leaders in commerce, industry, the professions, and public services. Second, the School offers studies in the Chinese cultural heritage and other fields with the aim of extending students' awareness and enlarging their field of vision. Postgraduate work is offered by means of a taught programme leading to the MA degree and the enrolment of MPhil and PhD research students.

The School enrols no first-degree students, but undergraduates in the other schools are required to take at least four courses in the humanities and social sciences. A broad range of undergraduate courses are offered, including social and economic history, intellectual histOlY, comparative literature, environmental ethics, compara-tive religion, sociology, geography, political economy, cultural psychology, and the social context of science, technology, and business enterprise.

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Division of Social Science, collaborate in offering an MA programme in Chinese Studies, and both divisions offer the MPhil degree. MA and PhD programmes in the humanities were approved by the University during the past year.

HE ENROLMENT: SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT

I

TAUGHT RESEARCH POSTGRADUATE POSTGRADUA TE 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 91-92 92-93 93-94 94-95 Chinese Studies Humanities Social Science TOTAL ACTUAL 4 10.5 4 10.5 PLANNED 15 16 5 6 2 20 24 ACTUAL PLANNED ' -3 9 18 27 2 7.5 18 28 5 16.5 36 55

R

... _ --"'_..:!,esearch is at the heart of the University's creative endeavours. Our commitment to the creation of new knowledge encourages the intellectual develop-ment of faculty and students. At the same time, our dedication to service brings a commitment to technology transfer and to applied research and development that vvill meet the economic, industrial, commercial, environmental, and social needs of Hong Kong. Applied programmes provide systematic interaction with local commer-cial and industrial organisations, strengthening the link between town and govvn. Worldwide co-operation with universities, government laboratories, and industries and international exchanges of faculty promote the sharing of knowledge, expertise, and techniques. Partnerships thus extend the research capabilities of the University far beyond the resources immediately at hand.

Research is undertaken at the University within departments, that is, within specific academic fields and disciplines, and also outside departmental boundaries in research institutes, centres, and laboratories. The Research and Development Branch oversees the administration of these interdisciplinary units; in addition, it operates the Research Centre, Technology Transfer Centre, and Office of Contract and Grant Administration, all of which play key roles in facilitating various kinds of research within the University.

In October 1992, senior staff, including members of the University Adminis-trative Committee and the Senate Research Committee, along with all department and division heads, were invited by the Vice-Chancellor to attend a "Retreat on Applied Research and Development". The focus of the retreat was how: how to define applied R&D; how to support it without draining resources from teaching and academic research; how to administer it within an academic structure; how to match it with the faculty's academic interests and capabilities; how to select and promote areas of high potential; and, most critical of ail, how to get going.

The group ultimately reached consensus on several key issues, selecting ten areas of interdisciplinary research for priority attention: biotechnology; CAE/CAD / CAM; economic transition (development); environment; information technology; infrastructure; manufacturing; materials; microsystems; and software. The group also established a planning committee, the university-wide Committee on Applied Re-search and Development, whose role is to recommend the strategies to be followed and the resources needed to pursue critical objectives in each research area.

RESEARCH GRANTS AND CONTRACTS

Financial support from sponsored funds is vital to the growth of the University's basic and mission-oriented research. A total of 262 proposals for grants and contracts supporting research projects were initiated during the year.

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Council (RGC) and the University and Polytechnic Grants Committee (UPGC). The other 97 were for funding from non-RGC and UPGC sources. For RGC/ UPGC proposals, the success rate was 58%, providing 91 grants. The total number of grants and contracts from non-RGC/UPGC sources was 31 with 48 awaiting a final decision.

In July 1992, the RGC announced the funding of 26 projects, with a total value of$12.6 million, from 44 proposals submitted by HKUST in November 1991. These 26 awards were selected in competition with proposals from all UPGC institutions by the appropriate RGC subject panels. Averaging almost $500,000 each, 10 of the projects were from the School of Science, 10 from the School of Engineering, 3 from the School of Business and Management, 2 from the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, and 1 from the Research Centre.

The RGC also provided a $3.5 million grant to the University for internal distribution as direct allocation grants to support research projects of a more modest scope. Fifty grants ranging from $12,000 to $119,274 were awarded. These grants included 17 to the School of Science, 16 to the School of Engineering, 11 to the School of Business and Management, 5 to the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, and 1 to the Language Centre. In some cases these awards were sufficient to support modest research projects; in others they sufficed to initiate projects and led to better proposals for external funding.

Following UPGC policy, a small percentage of the University's operating budget is devoted to the development of research infrastructure. This programme serves as a general mechanism for concentrating and organising resources to improve research co-operation within the University and to achieve leverage for obtaining non- UPGC-sponsored funds that support the social and economic development of Hong Kong. In 1992-93, $12.2 million was allocated for this purpose. Mter internal and external review, 5 projects from the School of Science, 10 from the School of Engineering, 1 from the School of Business and Management, and 1 from the Research Centre were supported.

Under the RGC Central Allocation Grant 1992-93, a proposal for a laser direct write lithographic system initiated by the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering was supported with $1.8 million. This was one of two projects to be supported.

Contracts and grants were also received from non-RGC/ UPGC sources: 6 projects received funding from private companies amounting to $1.4 million; an-other 7 received funding from foun-dations equalling $6 million, and another 2 received funding from the Hong Kong Government equalling $830,000.

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ACADEMIC

DEPARTMENTS

Most research at the University is carried out in the academic departments of the Schools of Science, Engineering, Business and Management, and Humanities and Social Science.

School of Science

With the support of UPGC research grants and university resources, the School of Science has made long strides in the establishment ofa research community vigorously dedicated to basic and applied research.

Research undertaken by the faculty members of the De-partment of Biochemistry led to the publication of 29 scien-tific papers and nine abstracts. In addition, three reported inventions pertaining to "Development of Drug Delivery Sys-tems", "Improvement and Moditlcation of Brassica Species:

Oilseed Rape and Vegetable Brassica", and "Development of Eftlcient Systems for the Production of Recombinant Proteins" were submitted to the Biotechnology Research Institute.

Members of the Department of Biology have been successful in cloning several overlapping segments of the cDNA for the gene from the Chinese hamster, and in establishing a procedure for algal genome modification through DNA insertion technique. Research has also been conducted in electroporation for potential use in molecular biology. This year, Biology faculty members published three books and 37 research papers; research results were also publicised in the renowned journal Science & Nature.

In the Department of Chemistry, crystalline diamond tllms have been depos-ited for the first time by photoablation of polymers by pulsed laser exposure.

Significant progress has also been made in the development of a near-infrared-Raman sensor for biomedical applications, a project supported by the Biotechnology Re-search Institute. Co-operation with industry has been fostered, as exempli tied by the study sponsored by Glaxo (Hong Kong) on drug particle size distribution for two different modes of drug delivery.

Research is being undertaken in the Department of Mathematics in the areas of analysis; algebra, geometry and number theory; scientific computation; fluid mechanics and mathematical physics; and probability and statistics. Research achieve-ments in the year under review include the pioneering of a new generalised Lagrangian method for computational fluid dynamics, which has been demonstrated to be superior and faster than the conventional Eulerian method.

The Department of Physics has succeeded in setting up a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system and producing the tlrst high-quality MBE-grown epitaxial thin film in Hong Kong. Another milestone has been reached in the establishment of three new laboratories integral to the department's research programme: the Joyce M. Kuok Laser and Photonics Laboratory, the William Mong Semiconductor Clus-ters Laboratory, and the Zheng Ge Ru Thin Film Physics Laboratory.

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School of Engineering

In 1992-93, School of Engineering faculty initiated more than 80 research projects. Grants totalling $12.7 million were obtained from UPGC sources. In the RGC inter-institutional competi

-tion, the School received funding for 10 projects out of 14 submitted. In the competition for RGC direct allocation grants, 16 out of 32 proposals were funded; and for research infrastructure grants; 10 out of19. Approximately $4 million of add i-tional funding came from non-UPGC sources

such as the Croucher Foundation, Sino Software Research Centre, the Hongkong Telecom Institute of Information Technology, Hutchison Telecom, and the Hong Kong Government.

The recently formed Department of Chemical Engineering has carefully chosen the following areas of research: advanced ni.aterials, bioprocess engineering, environmental protection, process modeling and control. A substantial part of the research is interdisciplinary in nature.

The research focus of the Department of Civil and Structural Engineering lay in two areas: infrastructure development and planning, and environmental and water resources studies. Research activities were significantly developed during the past year. Financial support for the department's research projects totalled $2.5 million. The department's success rate in bidding for RGC-funded grants vvas 100%.

In addition to one project successfully funded by an HKUST research infrastructure grant, three others are under review.

Facul ty in the Department of Computer Science conducted 15 research projects supported by the RGC, HKUST research infrastructure grants, Hongkong Telecom Institute of Information Technology, and the Sino Software Research Centre. They also undertook consulting work for the Mass Transit Railway Corp. and the Royal Hong Kong Police.

Great success was reported by the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, which won seven RGC grants (a success rate of 100%), three research infrastructure grants, a $1 million research contract from Hutchison to investigate the wireless communication environment in Hong Kong, and a $1.8 million RGC Central Allocation Grant (in conjunction with four other tertiary institutions) for a laser direct write photolithographic mask generation system. The department fo-cused its research in two main areas - Microelectronics and Systems - and vigorous planning for the establishment of departmental research laboratories in Phase II took place during the year.

With laboratories still in preparation, the Department of Mechanical Engi-neering was nonetheless successful in obtaining research grants from various sources amounting to $15 million. Projects included engineering education for women, parallel computation, large structure damage assessment, and advanced composite

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material design. Environmental engineering projects included remote sensing of marine pollution and micro meteorology. In 1992-93, the non-faculty research team consisted of five research associates and visiting scholars, and 12 research students.

School of Business and Management

The School of Business/and Management emphasises research to enhance understanding of current business practices, and to facilitate the design and improve -ment of educational programmes. During 1992-93, faculty members in Account-ing, Business Information Systems, Economics, Finance, Management, and Marketing undertook a wide range of research projects, many with the support of RGC and University grants.

A research infrastructure grant from the University supported a multi-discipli -nary research project investigating problems relating to the economic growth, devel -opment, and efforts at reform taking place in China. One of the major aims of the project is to integrate the perspectives of the various business disciplines.

Within the disciplines, RGC grants were received for research projects on "Corporate Financial Policies in Hong Kong: In Comparison with Their Asian and American Counterparts" (Accounting and Finance), "International Tax Competi-tion and Harmonization in the Growing World Economy" (Economics), "The Dynamics of Bond Prices with Varying Liquidities" (Finance), and "Coqvex Pro-gramming: Formulation, Analysis and Solution" (Management).

Along with traditional disciplinary research, the School seeks to facilitate and promote business and economics research on Asian-Pacific economies and markets. Important preparatory work was accomplished during the past year for the establish-ment of two major research centres. The Centre for Economic Development will be dedicated to the study of economies in transition, and in particular, the Chinese economy. The Centre for Asian Financial Markets will focus on significant develop-ments in the financial markets and products of this region.

During 1992-93, the faculty of the School of Business and Management were responsible for more than 130 publications, including 75 refereed journal articles.

School of Humanities and Social Science

During 1992-93, research grants in the Division of Humanities were received for projects studying "China in the 17th century", "Lineage and Business in Modern China: A Case Study of the Kin Tye Lung Company from 1841 to 1949", and "Comparative Religious Philosophy: Contributions of Medieval India". vVith the wide range of research interests covered by faculty research projects, and seminars and conferences bringing renowned scholars from abroad to share views on current research issues, the environment for humanistic research was much improved.

Research in the Division of Social Science was a major emphasis with virtually every faculty member engaged in one or more projects. Funded projects included studies of the "Labor Shortage in East Asian Newly Industrialized Countries", "Social Sciences Data Bank", and "The Social Context of Ethical, and Leisure Economies". Three research grants were received from Taiwan and one from the

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U.S. In addition, several faculty members conducted unfunded research projects. Scholarly productivity was high, with nine published articles, an equal number either forthcoming or under revie'w, and three books under contract with major university presses in the U.S.

RESEARCH CENTRE

Environment

The Research Centre was established to conduct mission-oriented scientific, en-gineering, industrial, and management re-search relevant to Hong Kong's techno-logical and socio-economic development. The centre's programmes encompass wide-ranging initiatives to keep HKUST re-search at the cutting-edge of new tech-nology and at the forefront of efforts to meet Hong Kong's developmental needs.

"Environment '93: Symposium on Remote Sensing in Environmental Re-search and Global Change", held on 3-6 March 1993, highlighted the year's activities. Organised by the Research Centre as a follow-up to its successful "Envi-ronment '90", this symposium brought together participants from Asia, North America, and Europe to explore the uses of satellite data in monitoring environmen-tal change.

A $4.39 million grant was received from the Croucher Foundation to establish a satellite receiving station at HKUST. One of the first such stations in Asia, the HKUST installation will receive signals from an ocean colour satellite planned for launch in June 1994. Data from this satellite, ~nd from a second one to be launched in 1995, should stimulate a host of new research projects, particularly in the environmental sciences.

Ongoing work yielded results in several fields. Dr Huasheng HONG reported the results of her preliminary studies on Victoria Harbour sediment, and further work has begun. After three years of laboratory and field work, results of mangrove wetland studies confirmed hopes that such wetlands can indeed be used for waste treatment at least in the short term. In the area of ecotoxicology, the Government's Environmental Protection Department awarded a joint contract to HKUST, CUHK, and Baptist College to develop a system using local marine organisms as monitors of pollution levels, particularly in sewage, industrial effluent, and sediment.

Taclding air pollution, a Research Centre team successfully used an emulsifica-tion technology for blending additives into diesel fuel to promote combusemulsifica-tion. Vehicle road tests showed 35-40% reduction in particulates with the process, and testing began on diesel boilers in a manufacturing plant.

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Infrastructure

A joint project with the Government's Geotechnical Engineering Office con-tinued to evaluate aspects of the landfill at the Chek Lap Kok site of the new airport. Researchers are investigating the characteristics of the various materials to be used and reviewing how the imported material is filled and compacted.

HKUST was short listed for two major PADS projects. One concerns wind and structural monitoring of the new bridges to be built, and the other concerns a warning system for wind shear and turbulence. The proposals required extensive surveys and preliminary work and, if successful, will become major research efforts over the next five years.

Energy

Energy is a third area targeted as a major research focus for the Research Centre. A number of projects were initiated as a result of discussions with local industries about their needs, including construction of a boundary layer wind tunnel; computer sofr-vare and instrumentation for power plants; damage assessment tech-nology for power systems; pulverised fly ash (PFA) landfill modelling; and a study of the effects of electromagnetic fields on humans.

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER CENTRE

The Technology Transfer Centre (TTC) identifies opportunities for the

eco-nomic utilisation of the University's technical achievements for the bendit of Hong Kong and the region. On a wider scale, it also seeks to promote the most promising technological advances for the benefit of local industry.

In the past year, the TTC passed several landmarks. In December 1992, the University registered its own company, the HKUST RandD Corporation Limited, which will function as the University's agent in marketing its products, services, and intellectual properties. The TTC will do much of its work through this legal entity. On 9 June 1993, the RandD Corporation filed the University's first patent applica-tion, for a new technique of generating synthetic diamond films. Developed by Prof. Hiroyuki HIRAOKA of the Chemistry Department, the technique uses a laser to generate crystalline diamond film from common plastic, and it is expected to have wide application, particularly in the assembly of microelectronic materials and in the machine tool industry.

A highlight ofTTC's year was the appointment of Prof. Gareth THOII'IAS as the centre's first director on 1 February 1993. Staffing of the centre was subsequently

completed with the addition of Lawrence CHAN, associate director, and Geoffrey WONG, assistant secretary. New projects have been initiated involving Hong Kong industry, biotechnology, software, and magnetic and structural materials. The com -mercial development of these projects will be carried out by the RandD Corporation.

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RESEARCH

INSTITUTES

Biotechnology Research Institute

Director: Prof. Jeffrey Tze-Fei WONG (Biochemistry)

The Biotechnology Research Institute is well underway with $17.9 million

committed for equipment purchase and another $7.8 million for the support of 13 research projects undertaken by faculty at HKUST and several sister institutions. The

projects are investigating topics in biomedical instrumentation and diagnostics, drug delivery and development, agricultural and environmental bioengineering, genetic engineering, biosensors, immunology, and molecular genetics of plants.

Hongkong Telecom Institute of Information Technology

Director: Prof. Ming L. Lrou (Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

Prof. Ming L. Lrou assumed directorship of the Hongkong Telecom Insti tu te

of Information Technology on 1 January 1993. Four research programmes have

been established: lightwave technology; network technology; wireless

communica-tion; and video technology. Each research programme comprises one or more research projects, of which several have been initiated and a number of others are under review.

RESEARCH CENTRES

AND

LABORATORIES

Materials Characterisation and Preparation Centre Director: Prof. David BARBER (Physics)

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In the past year the Materials Characterisation and Preparation Centre (MCPC) has become a key facility, heavily used by almost all of HKUST's science and engineering departments, by other local tertiary institutions, and by commercial clients. The centre's sophisticated equipment includes scanning electron micro-scopes; a scanning tunnelling atomic force microscope, which can image at magnifi-cations to see individual atoms; a single crystal x-ray diffractometer (the first of its type in Asia); a materials research diffractometer (another first for Asia); and a custom-built, PHI multi-technique surface analysis system that is unique in the world.

Microelectronics Fabrication Centre

Director: Dr Tai-Chin Lo (Electrical and Electronic Engineering) During the past year the

Microelectronics Fabrication Cen-tre became a functioning facility. Renovation of the physical space, including the installation of spe-cial air, water, chemical, and vacuum systems, was completed in November 1992. The equip-ping of five fabrication modules was completed in May 1993. These facilities are now in use. Through a joint collaborative

agreement vvith Qinghua University (Beijing), three visiting scholars arrived 111 November for one-year appointments to 'assist in lab setup.

Sino Software Research Centre

Director (Interim): Prof. Vincent SHEN (Computer Science)

The Sino Software Research Centre (SSRC) was established in July 1992 with a $20 million grant from the Sino Land Co. Ltd. It aims both to support software research that can lead to practical applications and to assist in transforming those applications into useful products.

Prof. Vincent SHEN, Head of the Computer Science Department" was ap-pointed interim director. With the support of its advisory board, the SSRC has funded 11 applied research projects and a variety of software development, consult-ing, and technology transfer activities. In some cases, the SSRC is a catalyst for the region's softv.rare industry. Several of its activities have already generated I11come which is being used to enhance the centre's R&D programmes.

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Joyce M. Kuok Laser and Photonics Laboratory

Director: Prof. George WONG (Physics)

The central mission of the Laser and Photonics Laboratory is to provide

state-of-the-art laser systems and measurement techniques for the characterisation of

optical properties associated with advanced materials developed for use in telecom

-munications, optical computing, optical storage, and ultra fast information

process-ing. Significant progress was made during the past year.

A state-of-the-art wavelength-tunable Ti:Sapphire laser system was made fully

functional. The laser's frequency was successfully doubled to provide the short-wavelength radiation needed for investigating the optical properties of

semiconduc-tor quantum structures fabricated in the Thin Film Physics Laboratory. Several experiments are in progress.

The design of a high-power and widely tunable optical parametric amplifier system has been substantially completed, and in-house construction of an ultra-short

6 fs laser system has also begun.

William Mong Semiconductor Clusters laboratory

Director: Prof. Nelson CUE (Physics)

With the creation of this laboratory in April 1993, Hong Kong has acquired

the capability for research in several new emerging technologies, and HKUST moves

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Semiconductor clusters have been applied in a \vide range of fields including thin film fabrication, lithography, photography, and optics. With the equipment to be in-stalled in the coming year, the lab will be able to train personnel for the design,

engineering, manufacture, and servicing of products involving lasers, optics, and

semiconductors.

Zheng Ge Ru Thin Film Physics laboratory

Director (Interim): Dr Philip 1. K. Sou (Physics)

A major milestone of the past year was the arrival in September 1992 of the highly complex molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) system. By December the system was up and running, and on 18 December the first MBE-grown epitaxial thin film in Hong Kong was successfully produced. Since then the lab's team has used the system

to produce a variety of high-quality epilayers with promising features for further

study.

In addition to the MBE system, an Excimer laser and a complete Hall effect setup \-vere also purchased, broadening research capabilities to new fields such as laser ablation and electrical characterisation.

ACADEMIC

SUPPORT SERVICES _

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LIBRARY

As the University began its second year of classes with a substantial increase in student population, the Library responded with expanded facilities, collection, and

services. Building on the foundation created during its first year, the Library's

second-year priorities were to broaden the collection and to improve services.

During the summer of 1992, the lower ground floor level three became available for use, enabling the Library to substantially increase its study area and

seating. In September 1992, the Library's computer lab opened with 20 workstations;

later this was expanded to 34 stations. Signs and maps were installed in the Library during the latter half of 1992.

MQre than 56,000 items \-vere added to the Library's collection during 1992-93. The most notable acquisitions are the Cavanaugh Chinese-language collection of

over 30,000 items and the Goldsmiths'-Kress Library of Economic Literature, a microform collection of over 4,000 reels. A substantial number of CD-ROM, media, journal backfiles, serial subscriptions, and books were also added.

To facilitate communication with the faculty, a contact person was designated for each of the four schools; that person works with departmental library

co-ordinators to keep faculty members informed of library services as well as channel

faculty requests to the appropriate library unit or staff member.

Enhancement of the Library Online Systems continued throughout the year.

Most noticeable to users was the linkage of library holdings to the journal citation

databases. In April 1993, the Library began sending circulation notices by e-mail. In

addition, bibliographic records for the electronic full-text journals became available in the online catalog.

A major accomplishment was the hosting of the International Conference of New Information Technology '92. With over 300 registrants from 18 countries, the conference attracted widespread attention and inspired enthusiasm. The Library took

the innovative step of producing a full-text image CD-ROM of the conference proceedings, as well as the

usual printed proceedings. Two outstanding art exhibitions were held in the Library Gallery during 1992-93: a show of paper sculp

-tures, "Recent Works of

Freeman Lau", in Decem-ber 1992, and "Rubbings

of Chinese Inscriptions" 111

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MMUNICATIONS

The Centre of Computing Services and Telecommunications (CCST) develops and manages the vast computing and networking infrastructure upon which the entire university community relics.

In the past year, CCST extended its facilities and services to meet the changing demands of this fast-growing institution. The high-speed Fibre Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) campus network was expanded substantially to cover the new Phase II academic building, staff quarters, and student dormitories. In the course of departments' taking up their new, permanent "homes" in either the Phase II or Phase I areas, CCST relocated over 1,000 machines and added new server machines and network equipment.

Microsoft Windows with a graphics interface was established as the main software environment for PC users, bringing the University one step closer to the realisation of an "electronic office" wherein most of the information How is con-ducted through the network instead of on paper.

One important charac

-teristic of the University's computing environment is its

Chinese -English bilingual ca-pability. Our Chinese system can now support both tradi

-tional and simplified Chinese characters and can produce high-quality laser-printed out-put.

CCST has successfully developed and implemented new applications to further support the University'S ad-ministration, including inven-tory tracking, stores manage-ment; and staff payroll. To cope with new applications and the expanding user base, the administrative machine was upgraded to a three-node VAX 4000 cluster. 111.lnt.,·II1 ... 'k S""I,,, Slurrljlli" Ir,,, I 7/t' , 11/1' , :';1' I ::'1 _legend: • CompulerWiringClosrl

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To meet the increasing computing needs of teaching and research programmes, a computer barn with 100 machines was added in October 1992; and to support

scientific computing and visualization, CCST is developing a computing environ-ment composed of high-end computation and graphics workstations with FDDI interface and interconnected by a super-high-speed gigaswitch.

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EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY CENTRE

The Educational Technology Centre (ETC) continued in its primary mission of serving the academic staff. As time permitted, it also sought to meet the adminis1 trative and other needs of the university community through its four units: audio-visual, graphics, instructional development, and translation/editorial.

The audio-visual unit helped to equip Phase II classrooms, lecture theatres, and teaching laboratories. The video facilities of the unit were used to produce over

76 films.

The graphics unit completed over 770 jobs, ranging from simple charts and photo prints to full-blown desktop publishing and full-colour posters. Virtua:lly all work was done within the Macintosh computer environment. The unit formatted the latest University Calendar and various departmental prospecti. The reprographics section added an offset press which enabled it to complete over 1,585 jobs.

The instructional development unit conducted the Teaching Assistant Pro

-gramme last fall for about a quarter of the TAs on campus. With the aid of a working group on course evaluation, the form used for fall term 1992 was revised for spring term. A seminar was held with the Division of Social Science and two new practical publications, "Teaching Tips" and "Teaching Forum" were launched.

The ETC translator again translated and edited the University Calendar and numerous other administrative documents for the Personnel, Finance, and Estates Management offices. He translated and edited several faculty theses and scholarly articles, and was chief editor of three issues of the ETC newsletter.

ETC functions last year included planning and co-ordination of the annual Hong Kong Educational Research Association conference, held at HKUST in No-vember 1992, and a campus-wide ETC Open House.

OFFICE OF LABORATORY SERVICES

The Office of Laboratory Services (OLS) co-ordinates the central facilities that provide many of the basic services needed in the University's ongoing teaching and research activities. These facilities are described below.

The instrumentation maintenance and repair unit provides both technical expertise and the equipment necessary for maintaining and repairing scientific and educational equipment, arid for designing and constructing special-purpose

appara-1

30&1 ______________________________________ _ tus. The machine shop helps faculty develop new apparatus and modify pisting equipment. Precise workmanship is an essential feature of this facility.

A central warehouse system stores, distributes, and maintains records of equip-ment, consumables other than chemicals, and spare parts. Knowing the exact loca-tion of each item is essential for filling orders quickly; predicting usage rates of consumables is essential for maintaining inventories.

The unit responsible for storage of chemical and dangerous goods not only stores dangerous materials - solid, liquid, and gas - but also works to ensure the safety of the faculty, staff, and students who work with them. The glassblowing vvorkshop moulds the specialised glass apparatus needed in laboratory teaching and research, and repairs damaged glassware.

One of the major tasks of the OLS in 1992-93 was the commissioning of Phase II teaching and research laboratories. Once laboratories are turned over to the departments, the facilities management unit ensures the smooth operation of ancil -lary utilities and laboratOlY facilities. Working closely with the Estates Management Office, this unit tests and maintains existing utilities such as the fume cupboards and the deionized water system, and helps install or convert other utilities and services \vhen new lab equipment is introduced.

An initial task of the OLS was to oversee the procurement of teaching and research equipment for all departments. As departments become more fully staffed, they gradually assume this responsibility.

LANGUAGE CENTRE

The Language Centre registered 842 students 111 its English Language En -hancement programme for the fall semester, and 271 for the spring semester. These courses in English for Academic Purposes focused on the skills students need in order to deal effectively with the language demands made upon them in their content programmes.

In addition, the Language Centre offered a one-semester course in Business Communication, for 522 students in the School of Business and Management, employing innovative techniques of simulation, which staff were invited to present at two international conferences. As part of their preparation for the project conlponent

of the course, groups of students conducted on-site investigations and interviews with managers of93 local companies.

During the winter session, the Language Centre offered two courses in Busi -ness Communication to full-time and part-time students reading for the University's MBA.

The Language Centre's one-semester course in Technical Communication, for 146 students in the School of Science and School of Engineering, culminated in an inter-class team contest, sponsored by Digital Equipment Corporation, for awards for Excellence in Technical Communication. Presentations by the four finalists were

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judged by representatives of Digital, as well as of the Uni-versity's academic community.

During the year, the Language Centre mounted a number of well-attended workshops on aspects of Eng-lish writing and speaking skills for undergraduates and post -graduates, and inaugurated an English Writing Centre, a

pan-University consultancy service to help students develop fluency in their writing. Part-time elementary level Cantonese and elementary and intermediate level Putonghua classes were offered to staff during the semesters; and two intensive classes ill. Putonghua at the beginning of the summer attracted 45 students. Also during the summer, the Language Centre's first three-week pre-sessional Course in English Language and Study Skills, offered to Form 7 students, admitted 86 partici-pants.

The Language Centre attracted a research grant of $96,000 for the compila-tion and analysis of a corpus of five million words of students' writing in English, the most extensive of its kind that has ever been attempted. The data collected will inform the design and construction of self-access learning materials and software specifically oriented towards the needs of Cantonese-speaking students.

FINAN

RECURRENT GRANTS

The University received 111 1991-92 a one-year earmarked grant from the

UPGe. From 1992-93 onward, the University began to operate as other UPGC-funded institutions do with a triennial block grant. Under the block grant funding arrangement, the University is given a three-year grant commencing from 1992-93 for recurrent expenditure and accorded with greater flexibilities in resource alloca-tion.

As indicated in the Income and Expenditure Statement on page 68, the total recurrent income in 1992-93 amounted to $726.531 million, of which $677.593 million came from the UPGC: a recurrent block grant of $615.146 million (includ -ing an indicated equipment grant of $66.8 million), reserved supplementary grants of$51.515 million to cover additional costs arising from salaries revisions in accord -ance with the annual revisions approved for the Civil Services, and $10.932 million being reimbursements of rates. Other major items. of recurrent income included $25.502 million of tuition fees, $10.251 million of bank interest, and $12.459 million of rental recovery from staff who were provided with housing benefits.

The total recurrent expenditure (including $35.665 million met by the

indi-cated equipment grant) amounted to $659.088 million, and could be broken down into:

$ in millions

(1) Administration 63.186

(2) Academic Departments and Academic Support Centres 369.215

(3) Maintenance of Premises and Grounds 117.300

(4) General Education 38.638

(5) Student Facilities and Amenities 12.240

(6) Miscellaneous 58.509

The overall surplus of $56.513 million after transferring $10.221 million to various reserves and $0.709 million (in respect of an excess in the reserved

supple-mental), grants for salaries revisions) to the UPGC Holding Account is carried fon·vard to the following financial year in the UPGC Triennium Equalization Ac-count.

CONSTRUCTiON

Construction work on Phases I and II of the campus was substantially com-pleted by the end of June 1993. Of the $3,548 million approved for the project, a

total of$3,058 million was paid up to 30 June 1993. Of this amount, $1,835 million

came from the donation made by the Royal Hong Kong Jockey Club, and $1,223 million was funded by the Hong Kong Government.