Science Research Science Research
Methodology (1) Methodology (1)
Dr. Li-Hua LI (李麗華 李麗華 李麗華 李麗華)
Information Management Dept.
Contents Contents
Capability for completing your master’s thesis
How to prepare the seminar
How to evaluate the academic performance
Academic Ethics
Process of analyzing papers
References:本課程部份參考 Google scholar 網站
資管系唐元亮老師網站
Capability for completing Capability for completing
your master
your master ’ ’ s thesis(1) s thesis(1)
You need to enhance your ability for
searchingfor related material,
extracting
useful material,
readingacademic papers,
analyzingJournal papers,
Innovation,Implementation,
writing
academic papers, and
presentation.Ability to search for related material
From paper-based publications
From electronic journals: IEL, ACM, SDOS…
From Internet, such as google scholar
http://scholar.google.com.tw/
Knowing how to use keywords, logic combinations,….
ex: 關鍵字可變化之範例關鍵字可變化之範例關鍵字可變化之範例:關鍵字可變化之範例
“EC” “Commerce”
“Business” Internet Business and Web Commerce
EC –”Business”
Capability for completing Capability for completing
your master
your master ’ ’ s thesis(2) s thesis(2)
Chinese Google Scholar(1) Chinese Google Scholar(1)
資料來源 資料來源 資料來源 資料來源資料來源 資料來源資料來源
資料來源:http://scholar.google.com.tw/:http://scholar.google.com.tw/
Search by author
用作者搜尋是尋找特定文件最有效的方法。 如果知道要 尋找的作者名字，只要將名字加入搜尋字詞即可。例如：
搜尋 friedman regression 會傳回 Friedman 所撰寫的 文件，主題是 regression。 若要搜尋作者的全名，或
姓氏和縮寫，請輸入名字並以引號括住如下.
["jh friedman"]
["jh friedman"]["jh friedman"]
["jh friedman"]
若某字會像是人的姓名或一般名詞時，可使用作者:運算 子。 這個運算子會影響其後的搜尋字詞，作者: 與您的搜 尋字詞之間不能有空格。 例如：
[作者:flowers] 會傳回名為 Flowers 的人所撰寫的文件 而 [flowers [flowers ----作者[flowers [flowers 作者作者作者:flowers]:flowers]:flowers]:flowers] 會傳回 flowers 的相關文件， 但不會找姓名為 Flowers 的人所寫的文件。
Chinese Google Scholar(2) Chinese Google Scholar(2)
資料來源 資料來源 資料來源 資料來源資料來源 資料來源資料來源
資料來源:http://scholar.google.com.tw/:http://scholar.google.com.tw/
Search by author Search by author Search by author Search by author
使用運算子與括號括住的作者全名 使用運算子與括號括住的作者全名使用運算子與括號括住的作者全名
使用運算子與括號括住的作者全名，，，進一步縮小搜尋範，進一步縮小搜尋範進一步縮小搜尋範進一步縮小搜尋範 圍圍圍
圍。。。。請試著使用姓名縮寫而非完整姓氏請試著使用姓名縮寫而非完整姓氏請試著使用姓名縮寫而非完整姓氏請試著使用姓名縮寫而非完整姓氏，，，，因為因為因為因為 Google Google Google Google 學術學術學術學術 搜尋中索引的部分來源只提供姓名縮寫
搜尋中索引的部分來源只提供姓名縮寫搜尋中索引的部分來源只提供姓名縮寫
搜尋中索引的部分來源只提供姓名縮寫。。。 例如。 例如例如例如：：：： 若要搜尋 Donald E. Knuth 撰寫的文件，可嘗試
[作者:“d knuth”]、[作者:“de knuth”] 或 [作者:“donald e knuth”]。
Search by Journal Search by Journal Search by Journal Search by Journal
同上 同上同上
同上，，，可使用出版品限制搜尋，可使用出版品限制搜尋可使用出版品限制搜尋 。可使用出版品限制搜尋 。。。 例如例如例如例如：：：：
若要搜尋 ，Journal of Biological Chemistry 可嘗試 縮寫 J Biol Chem
Chinese Google Scholar(3) Chinese Google Scholar(3)
資料來源 資料來源 資料來源 資料來源資料來源 資料來源資料來源
資料來源:http://scholar.google.com.tw/:http://scholar.google.com.tw/
Useful operator in google scholar
[+de knuth] 中的 + 運算子，可確保您的搜尋結果包括 Google 搜尋技術通常會忽略的一般字詞、字母或數 字；
[flowers -作者:flowers] 中的 - 運算子，可排除包含此搜 尋字詞的所有結果 ；
["as you like it"] 中的詞組搜尋，只會傳回包含此實際詞 組的結果；
[stock call OR put] 中的 OR 運算子會傳回包含任一搜 尋字詞的結果；
[intitle:mars] 中的 intitle: 運算子，只會傳回包含文件標 題的搜尋字詞的結果。
Extracting useful material Reading academic papers
English vocabulary & terminologies Detail reading
Rough reading Skip reading
Thoroughly reading
<< Exercise >> 試著閱讀一篇小論文
Capability for completing Capability for completing
your master
your master ’ ’ s thesis(3) s thesis(3)
Analyzing Journal papers
Understand the quality of the journal Understand the impact factor of the journal
Has the ability of criticizing, comparing, comments of the reading papers
<< Exercise >> 試著評論一篇小論文
Capability for completing Capability for completing
your master
your master ’ ’ s thesis(4) s thesis(4)
Innovation
To solve a meaningful problem & propose a new idea,
a good approach, or a new methodology .
Implementation
Has the ability to implement, step by step, the model, method, process, experiment, or data analysis.
Capability for completing Capability for completing
your master
your master ’ ’ s thesis(5) s thesis(5)
Writing academic papers
Has the ability to publish and complete academic papers.
Presentation
Has the ability to present in conference or any academic publishing forum
Capability for completing Capability for completing
your master
your master ’ ’ s thesis(6) s thesis(6)
How To Prepare Seminar(1) How To Prepare Seminar(1)
Discuss paper written by others
State the purposes why the paper is selected for discussion
Provide necessary background or history of the topic
Explain the method or approach of the paper Analysis and explain the results
Take the position as a criticizer, criticize, not just introduce
Discuss paper written by others
Indicate the merits and the shortcomings of the approach
Mark your suggestions, improvement, or new ideas
Overall comments: soundness of the theory, quality of paper, main contribution,
properness of implication, experiment, or results.
How To Prepare Seminar(2)
How To Prepare Seminar(2)
Discuss paper written by yourself
Provide necessary background on history of the topic
Provide concise introduction to the approach
Explain the main research area
Explain the master’s research project
What is your position in the project?
Indicate the merits and shortcomings of the approach
Overall comments
Main contribution, implication,…
How To Prepare Seminar(3)
How To Prepare Seminar(3)
How to evaluate academic How to evaluate academic
performance(1) performance(1)
Refereed Journal
International Conference (Refereed) Highly cited Journals
Such as ISI, SCI, SCIE, EI
Selected as the best paper in the
conference.
How to evaluate academic How to evaluate academic
performance(2) performance(2)
Highly cited researchers
http://www.isihighlycited.com
Academic ranking of world university
2008 Academic ranking of China
http://cnreviews.com/min_guo/2008_china_university_ranking_by_china_academy_of_m anagement_science_20080604.html
Top 500 World Universities
http://www.arwu.org/rank2008/EN2008.htm
Ranking web of world university
Academic Ethics(1) Academic Ethics(1)
Ethics: standards of right and wrong Academic ethics:
Standards of right and wrong in research practice
Graduate students are expected to adhere to the highest standards of intellectual
honesty and professional ethics in all areas of class work, research, publication, and
teaching.
Academic Ethics(2) Academic Ethics(2)
Conform to advisor’s instructions
Research topics and scopes
Presentations, discussions, reports, and schedules
Publish with permission
Order of authors of a paper/report
Cooperate with colleague
Senior students should guide juniors Be generous to give ideas/suggestions
Mutually encourage, stimulate, criticize,…
Academic
Academic Ethics(3) Ethics(3)
Violation of academic ethics
(((
(參見國科會違反學術倫理事件參見國科會違反學術倫理事件參見國科會違反學術倫理事件)參見國科會違反學術倫理事件))) Cheating
copying from another person, using
unauthorized sources, violating specified time limits for exams, or obtaining class materials without permission
Plagiarism
Submitting material that in part or whole is not entirely one’s own work. Without attributing to the source that is not part of your own work.
Use citation, “reference,” “source from,” to avoid the plagiarism.
Fabrication
Falsification or creation of data, experimental results, research , or resources
Academic Ethics(4) Academic Ethics(4)
Publish without advisor’s permission Publish without presentation
Multiple submissions
Simultaneously submit a same paper to different conferences/journals
In some situations, a journal paper may be Exactly the same as a conference paper
The best conference paper selected for a journal
An invited paper
An extended version of a conference paper
Process of analyzing papers(1) Process of analyzing papers(1)
Types of academic papers
Theoretical
Study of theories, algorithms, systems (may be with implementations)…
Papers with original ideas: new problem, new conditions, new applications, new approaches
Review papers
Comparison papers
Pragmatic or empirical
With actual implementation (usually a system)
Theoretical foundations, system structures, functions….
Problems encountered during implementation or system operation
System performance analysis
Process of analyzing papers(2) Process of analyzing papers(2)
Structure of an academic paper
Abstract and keywords Introduction
Background, history, problem definition and its significance, motivation, survey, research purpose
Main Body
Detailed description of the proposed method (model, structure, approaches, experiments, applications)
Conclusion
Summary of research achievement
Limitations, best condition/environment for implementing the proposed method
Future work
Reference
Process of analyzing papers(3) Process of analyzing papers(3)
Extracting, briefly reading, and analyzing core paper
Reduce the number of related papers down to 30~40 papers
Skim through only abstract and introduction to determine if the paper is useful
Reduction with reference to “review papers” or “survey papers”
Skim over the core papers and make conclusions about the research area
What are the key problems and characteristics
Under what situations are these merits and shortcomings considered important or unimportant?
What re the most frequently referenced methods?
What approaches can this research area be categorized?
Process of analyzing papers(4) Process of analyzing papers(4)
Organizing the papers and do further reading
Assign each paper to its appropriate approach For each approach, arrange papers chronically Read papers according to date of publication and for one approach at a time
Make conclusions about each approach What are the main originality and characteristics?
What does papers in an approach mainly criticize about other approaches?
Process of analyzing papers(5) Process of analyzing papers(5)
Reading the main bodies of the core paper
Try to understand: main assumptions of the
method, under which conditions does the method work?
How easy will these assumption hold? The easier is more valuable.
Under the assumptions what are the merits of the method?
Why do the merits come up? (formula
simplifications, special algorithm or design)
The most important things is to understand the ideas, not the details
Process of analyzing papers(6) Process of analyzing papers(6)
Identifying a research problem
Ways to innovate
Develop original ideas: imagination, creation Follow-up strategy, improvement, refutation, combination
Systematic way to innovate
From results of previous paper analysis Construct the comparison table
Identify a research problem
