Study of series Li-ion batteries electric energy diagnosis management system 劉鈞宇、張舜長
E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The main parpose of the thesis is to study on the series Li-ion batteries electric energy diagnosis management system, if it can not protect the batteries adequately, it may make the life-span short, and lower efficiency, as well as influence the state of charge(SOC) accurately. By the series Li-ion batteries electric energy diagnosis management controller, it can protect the batteries from damage, and maintain the working efficiency. The whole system are consisted of the display of residual energy、the batteries diagnosed module、and the module of management of batteries. The systrm achieve the goals that can balance the voltage in each batteries, and the management battery pack can receive the capabilities of charging and dischargeing of current and temperature, as well as it can estimate the residual energy and life-span. The controller used the chips, 8051, and protection IC, LTC6802, to reach the aims of protection batteries
Keywords : Battery management system , Battery balance, SOC
Table of Contents
封面內頁 簽名頁 博碩士論文暨電子檔案上網授權書...iii 中文摘要...vii
ABSTRACT...v 誌謝...vi 目錄...vii 圖目 錄...x 表目錄...xvi 符號說明...xvii 第一章 緒 論...1 1.1 前言...1 1.2 文獻回顧...3 1.2.1 電池模型 之探討相關研究...4 1.2.2 電池殘電量之探討相關研究...6 1.2.3 電池健康狀態之探討相關研 究...8 1.2.4 電池等化之探討相關研究...10 1.2.5 電池保護系統之探討相關研究...11 1.3 研究動機與目的...12 1.4 研究步驟...13 1.5 論文架構...15 第二章 二次電池介紹...18 2.1 二次電池定義...18 2.2 電池殘電量檢測方
法...22 第三章 測試方法與設備...26 3.1 鋰電池性能測試設備...26 3.2 鋰電池性能測試...34 3.3 鋰電池診斷管理靜態測試設備...38 3.4 鋰電池診斷管理靜態測 試...42 3.5 鋰電池診斷管理動態測試設備...45 3.6 鋰電池診斷管理動態測試...52 第四章 ECE40 行車型態測試介面建立與測試...55 4.1 ECE40 行車型態測試法規簡述...55 4.2 ECE40 行 車曲線程式建立...57 4.3 模擬ECE40 所需之行駛阻力計算結果...60 第五章 鋰電池保護技術與控制 器發展與實現...63 5.1 鋰電池保護技術簡述...63 5.1.1 診斷管理技術...63 5.1.2 等化技術介紹...67 5.2 控制器之發展與實現...75 5.2.1 控制器IC 選
用...76 5.2.2 電池殘電量顯示器...80 5.2.3 電池診斷模組...83 5.2.4 電池管理模組...85 第六章 實驗與驗證結果...87 6.1 建立SOC 對應VOC 數
據...87 6.2 電池殘電量顯示器實車測試...92 6.3 電池診斷模組與電池管理模組功能測 試...95 6.4 電池診斷模組與電池管理模組測試靜態模試...110 6.5 電池診斷模組與電池管理模組測試動態模 試...123 第七章 結論與建議...133 7.1 結論...133 7.2 建議事項與未來研 究...135 參考文獻...137
REFERENCES
[1] 鄭勝文，“電動車輛專輯”，機械月刊，pp.354-405，1999 年。
[2] V. Johnson and A. Pesaran, “Temperature-Dependent Battery model for High Power Lithium-Ion Batteries,” Presented at the 17th Electric Vehicle Symposium, Montreal, Canada, 2000.
[3] V. Johnson and A. Pesaran, “Battery Performance Model in ADVISOR,” Joural of Power Sourse, Vol.110, pp.321-329, 2002.
[4] 許參、李杰、王超，“一種鋰離子蓄電池壽命的預測模型”， 應用科學學報，第24 卷，第4 期，2006 年。
[5] X. Z. Wei, X. P. Zhao, and Y. J. Yuan, “Study of Equivalent Circuit Model for Lead Acid Batteries in Electric Vehicle,” IEEE, Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Vol.2, pp.685-690, 2009.
[6] F. Coupan, I. Sadli, I. Marie-Joseph, A. Primerose, and H. Clergeot, “New Battery Dynamic Model Application to Lead Acid Battery,”
IEEE, Computer and Automation Engineering (ICCAE), Vol.5, pp.140-145, 2010.
[7] J. Zhang, Ci. Song, H. Sharif, and M. Alahmad, “An Enhanced Circuit-based Model for Single-cell Battery,” IEEE, Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Vol.5, pp.672-675, 2010.
[8] J. Zhang, Ci. Song, H. Sharif, and M. Alahmad, “Modeling Discharge Behavior of Multicell Battery,” IEEE, Energy Conversion, pp.1-9, 2010.
[9] S. Duryea, S. Islam, and W. Lawrance, “A Battery Management System for Stand Alone Photovoltaic Energy System,” Applications Magazine, IEEE, Vol.7, pp.67-72, 2002.
[10] 林威佐，“電池電容量檢測技術之研究”，國立台灣大學電機 所碩士論文，2002 年。
[11] P. Ramadass, B. Haran, R. White, and B. Popov, “Mathematical Modeling of the Capacity Fade of Li-ion Cells,” Journal of Power Sources, Vol.123, pp.230-240, 2003.
[12] 何文隆，“電動車輛變動負載之電池殘電量研究”，大葉大學 車研所碩士論文，2004 年。
[13] 賴世榮，“智慧型鋰離子電池殘存電量估測之研究”，中山大 學電機工程所碩士論文，2004 年。
[14] 何昌佑，“鋰電池管理晶片之設計與應用分析”，電子月刊， 第13 卷，第9 期，2007 年。
[15] 吳坤德、林頂立、周弘亮、吳晉昌、孫禹華，“類神經網路 應用於鉛酸電池殘電量偵測之應用”，電機月刊，第17 卷， 第7 期
，2007 年。
[16] G. Li, H. Wang, and Z. Yu, “New Method for Estimation Modeling of SOC of Battery, ” IEEE, Software Engineering, Vol.2, pp.387-390, 2009.
[17] L. Wang, L. Wang, and J. Liu, “Sigma-point Kalman Filter Application on Estimating Battery SOC,” IEEE, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp.1592-1595, 2009.
[18] B. X. Sun and L. Wang, “The SOC Estimation of NIMH Battery Pack for HEV Based on BP Neural Network,” IEEE, Intelligent Systems and Applications, pp.1-4, 2009.
[19] L. Wang, L. Wang, and C. Liao, “Research on Improved EKF Algorithm Applied on Estimate EV Battery SOC,” IEEE, Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC), pp.1-4, 2010.
[20] V. Spath, A. Jossen, H. Doring, and J. Garche, “The Detection of the State of Health of Lead-Acid Batteries,” IEEE, International Energy Conference, Vol.19, No.23, pp.681-686, 1997.
[21] C. C. O’Gorman, D. Ingersoll, R. G. Jungst, and T. L. Paez, “Artificial Neural Network Simulation of Battery Performance System Sciences,” Kohala Coast, HI, USA: Proceedings of the Thirty First Hawaii International Conference, pp.115-121, 1998.
[22] W. X. Shen, C. C. Chan, E. W. C. Lo, and K. T. Chau, “Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Modeling of Battery Residual Capacity for Electric Vehicles, ” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron, Vol.49, No.3, pp.677-684, 2002.
[23] 中央研究院資訊科學研究所自動化實驗室，“電動機車整車 管理系統之研發”，國家地理頻道之台灣熱門科學，2002 年。
[24] Y. S. Lee, T. Y. Kuo, and W. Y. Wang, “ Fuzzy Neural Network Genetic Approach to Design the SOC Estimator for Battery Powered Electric Scooter,” 35th Annunl IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference, pp.2759-2765, Aachen, Germany, 2004.
[25] 黃廣順，“電池電源模組之並聯運轉”，中山大學電機所碩士 論文，2004 年。
[26] C. R. Chen, K. H. Huang, and H. C. Teng, “The Estimation of the Capacity of Lead-Acid Storage Battery Using Artificial Neural Networks,” IEEE Conferenceon Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, pp.8-11, 2006.
[27] 謝秉勳、謝登存，“鋰離子電池加速測試方法及壽命預估模 式介紹”，工業材料雜誌，第236 期，2006 年。
[28] 李建興、陳瑋凱、洪建平，“類神經網路應用於鉛酸電池放 電時間之估測”，第28 屆電力工程研討會，2007 年。
[29] C. Barlak and Y. Ozkazan, “A Classification Based Methodology for Estimation of State-of-health of Rechargeable Batteries,” IEEE, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, pp.101- 105, 2009.
[30] D. Haifeng, W. Xuezhe, and S. Zechang, “A New SOH Prediction Concept for the Power Lithium-ion Battery Used on HEVs,” IEEE, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp.1649-1653, 2009.
[31] 陳文智，“電池內串聯電槽之工作特性與探討”，中山大學電 機工程學系研究所碩士論文，2006 年。
[32] 歐陽文億，“串聯電池組雙向電量平衡電路”，中山大學電機 工程學系研究所碩士論文，2005 年。
[33] 江承億，“雙向式轉換器應用於均勻充電之研製”，聖約翰技 術學院自動化及機電整合研究所碩士論文，2005 年。
[34] 蔡志明，“串並聯電池組均壓充電及放電管理之研究”，大同 大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，2002 年。
[35] 周文雄，“智慧型均等化電池充電器”，高雄應用科技大學電 子與資訊工程研究所碩士論文，2007 年。
[36] 柯易斌，“ 微控制晶片於鋰離子串接電池等化之應用”，天主 教輔仁大學電子工程學系碩士論文，2006 年。
[37] J. W. Kimball, B. T. Kuhn, and P.T. Krein, “Increased Performance of Battery Packs by Active Equalization,” IEEE, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp.323-327, 2007.
[38] A. Baughman and M. Ferdowsi, “Analysis of the Double-Tiered Three-Battery Switched Capacitor Battery Balancing System,” IEEE, Power Electronics and Motor Drives Laboratory, 2007.
[39] X. Wei and B. Zhu, “The Research of Vehicle Power Li-ion Battery Pack Balancing Metho,”IEEE, Electronic Measurement &
Instruments, pp.2-498-2-502, 2009.
[40] L. Wang, L. Wang, C. Liao, and J. Liu, “Research on Battery Balance System Applied on HEV,” IEEE, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp.1788-2-1791, 2009.
[41] C. Chen, J. JIN, and L. He, “A New Battery Management System for Li-ion Battery Packs,” IEEE, Circuits and Systems, pp.1312- 1315, 2008.
[42] B. Pattipati, K. Pattipati, J. P. Christopherson, S. M. Namburu, D.V. Prokhorov, and L. Qiao, “Automotive Battery Management Systems,
” IEEE, Autotestcon, pp.581-586, 2008.
[43] J. Wen and J. Jiang, “Battery Management System for the Charge Mode of Quickly Exchanging Battery Package,” IEEE, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp.1-4, 2008.
[44] Z. Sun, X. Wei, and H. Dai, “Battery Management Systems in the China-made “Start” Series FCHVs,” IEEE, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp.1-6, 2008.
[45] C. Sen and N. C Kar, “Battery Pack Modeling for the Analysis of Battery Management System of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle,” IEEE, Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, pp.207-212, 2009.
[46] L. Yuheng, W. Xuezhe, and S. Zechang, “Low Power Strategy Design for Battery Management System,” IEEE, Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation, Vol.2, pp.636-639, 2009.
[47] X. F. Wan and H. L. Hu, “The Smart Battery Management System,” IEEE, Test and Measurement, Vol.1, pp.29-32, 2009.
[48] F. H. Oeller, “Prime Movers for Series Hybrid Vehicle,” SAE 970287.
[49] 統振公司，“LiPOD Specification ，2006 年。
[50] http://w3.epa.gov.tw/epalaw/docfile/044300.pdf. 中華民國行政 院環境保護署網站。
[51] P. T. Moseley, “High-Rate, Regulated Lead-acid Batteries: Suitable for Hybrid Electric Vehicle,” Journal of Power Sources, 84, pp.237-242, 1999.
[52] 曾揚翔，“ 雙動力驅動車輛之電控系統研發”，大葉大學機械 與自動化工程學系所碩士論文，2009 年。
[53] 羅華強，“類神經網路-MATLAB 的應用”，高立圖書有限公 司，2005 年。
[54] 張舜長、蔡耀文、翁大益， “鋰電池模型的實驗規劃建構與 驗證 ” ，車輛工程學刊，Vol.4, pp.69-80，2007 年。
[55] Wipke, et al., ADVISOR 3.2 Documentation, see www.ctts.nrel. gov/analysis/advisor_doc, 2001.
[56] 曾柏伊、彭國光、周裕福、黃正芳，“二次電池之化學特性 與應用 ，工業材料雜誌，Vol.197, pp.118，2003 年。
[57] C. C. Chan, “The State of the Art of Electric,Hybrid, and Fuel Cell Vehicles,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.95, No.4, 2007.
[58] D. W. Gao, C. Mi, and A. Emadi, “Modeling and Simulation of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol.95, No.4, 2007.
