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便宜的耦合振盪實驗示範

(Inexpensive Coupled-Oscillations Demonstration)

呂宜臻

國立虎尾科技大學

電機工程系100級乙班 指導老師:洪耀正

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Outline

Introduction Setup

Procedure

Conclusions

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Introduction

耦合振盪是能夠展現共振時能量交換的一個例子。過去此 類實驗的缺點為振盪系統振幅極快的衰減,同時需花費許 多金錢進行實驗架設。

以下藉由磁鐵的排斥作用來展示耦合振盪實驗,其可反覆 振盪一百秒以上, 且所需材料非常簡單。

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Setup

此實驗需以下材料:鋁棒、矩形陶磁鐵、銅製薄片、支撐 木塊、螺絲、橡皮筋,與霍爾探針。

為了進行自動化量測,需將霍爾探針與電腦連接。

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Setup

Fig.1為實驗裝置圖。

Fig.1 (a) Side view of magnets attached to vertical brass strips.Magnetic dipole moments are parallel to the aluminum rod and oriented so that the pairs of magnets repel each other.d =separation between brass strips. (b) details of support block.

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Setup

兩銅製薄片(簡稱銅片)的振盪頻率必須相同,才能使能量 相互交換。

改變兩銅片間距 d (磁鐵附在相同位置),觀察磁耦擺振盪 現象的變化(Fig.2)。

Fig.2 Coupled oscillations.

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Procedure

將一磁鐵往上位移1cm,再自然釋放碰撞另一磁鐵 (Fig.2)。

其振盪頻率約為1.53Hz。

Fig.2 Coupled oscillations.

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Procedure

當d 較大時,波包(傳遞能量的時間)較大,因此需耗費較 多時間傳遞能量,故傳遞週期較長(Fig.3)。

磁場為正時,磁鐵較靠近探針;磁場為負時,磁鐵則遠離 探針,又其距離較遠,故磁場也較小。

Fig.3 Graph of horizontal magnetic field detected by Hall probe for various strip separations(d =0.150,0.195, 0.253m,top to bottom).

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Procedure

若要使實驗更清楚觀察,可將磁鐵加到四或六塊,初始位 移可增到8cm,其測得頻率分別為1.32Hz與1.22Hz。

當附上磁鐵數越多時,磁力便會增強,所以能量傳遞所需 時間相對較短(Fig.4)。

Fig.4 Plot of measured energy

exchange times vs strip separation.

Closed circles respresent data points for two magnets attached to each brass strip;Stars represent data for four stacked magnets,and diamonds for six stacked magnets.

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Conclusions

以上實驗由簡單的材料組成,再連接到電腦,不僅方便 觀察,亦容易操作,只要改變操縱變因(磁鐵數、銅片間 距) ,便能發現其差異,再更進一步測得振盪頻率。

參考資料 Charles A.Sawicki The Physics Teacher 39,172 (2001).

Charles A. Sawicki is a professor in the Physics Department at North Dakota State University,Fargo.

sawicki@plains.nodak.edu

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