肆、結論與建議
根據研究結果和相關討論，可獲得結論：以本研究訓練介入的方式，對身體 意象有提升的作用，但對自尊改變無影響，也不影響身體活動能力的改變。 往後研究方向建議可增加介入訓練時間與強度，本研究因配合學校計劃，介 入訓練為五週，共十六次的訓練，對於自尊和身體活動能力並無太大影響，若能 延長介入訓練時間為十週或十二週以上，並循序漸進調整運動強度，使身體型態 有明顯改變，以利於分析探討身體意象、自尊與身體活動的變化。探討不同的研 究對象與影響因素，影響身體意象、自尊的因素很多，除了內在心理因素與外在 的環境因素，同時也會受到個人身體狀況的影響，未來的研究方向若能多方面探 討各種因素，例如身體質量指數、家庭環境、教育程度、運動參與行為、運動參 與動機、自信心等，並增加研究對象的人數，針對不同年齡、不同階段、不同性 別來探討介入訓練的成效，以更瞭解影響身體意象、自尊與身體活動的相關因 素，提高研究結果的參考價值，再針對影響因素作改善，以增進個人的身體意象、 自尊等，並促使國人擁有健康的心理。參考文獻
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The Effects of Exercise Intervention on Upper-Grade Pupils’
Body Image, Self-esteem, and Physical Activity
Nai-Cen Kuo、Yaw-Feng Lin
National PingTung University of Education
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine effects of exercise intervention on upper-grade pupils’ body image, self-esteem, and physical activity. The self-administered structured questionnaire developed by Bi-Sia Li and Jing-Min Chen (2004) was used to gather data from 38 fifth-grade students and 18 sixth-grade students of an elementary school in Kaohsiung City (age: 10.64±0.59 years old; height: 1.48±0.08 meters; weight: 48.91±10.49 kilograms; BMI: 22.16±4.16), and the study was conducted in the form of an empirical study. Research subjects were divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group was given a forty-minute exercise intervention three times a week for a period of five weeks, and at the same time asked to fill out a questionnaire about body image, self-esteem, and physical activity before and after the intervention. The data obtained was combined with the designed two-way (group * pre- and post-test) ANOVA to examine the difference in effects of exercise intervention on upper-grade pupils’ body image, self-esteem, and physical activity, and the significance level was set as α= .05. As research findings indicated, research subjects had positive perception of body image, and significant difference was also observed in the comparison between the pre- and post-test of the two groups. Thus, inferred from the aforesaid findings, exercise intervention enhanced the experimental group’s perception of body image; upper-grade pupils had self-esteem above the average, which made no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Thus, exercise intervention had no significant effects on changing self-esteem. Research subjects had higher levels of physical activity, which made no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group, and exercise intervention had no effect on changing the ability of physical activity. In conclusion, further studies with the duration and intensity of exercise intervention, a larger sample size, and a discussion on different influential factors are recommended, and the improvement should be made based on different influential factors in order to enhance personal body image and self-esteem, and to improve both physical and mental health of nationals in Taiwan.
