Two Newly Naturalized Plant species in Taiwan: Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng.

Two Newly Naturalized Plant species in Taiwan: Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng.

Chiu-Mei Wang, ¹⁾ Kun-Cheng Chang, ²⁾ Chih-Hsiung Chen ^1,3)

【 Summary】

Two newly naturalized herb species are reported in this paper. Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Pa- paveraceae) was found in an agriculture area of central Taiwan. Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng.

(Acanthaceae) now well established and naturalized in central and southern Taiwan is an alien plant and a newly recorded naturalized genus in Taiwan. This report gives morphological charac- ters, line drawings, distribution maps, and photographs to aid in their identification.

Key words: Acanthaceae, alien species, Papaveraceae, Fumaria parviflora, Nelsonia canescens.

Wang CM, Chang KC, Chen CH. 2016. Two newly naturalized plant species in Taiwan: Fumaria parviflora Lam. and Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. Taiwan J For Sci 31(2):135-41.

1)

Department of Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, 1 Guancian Rd., Taichung 40453, Taiwan. 國立自然科學博物館生物學組，40453台中市館前路1號，台灣。

2)

Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, National Chiayi Univ., 300 Syuefu Rd., Chiayi City 60004, Taiwan. 國立嘉義大學森林暨自然資源學系，60004嘉義市鹿寮里學府路300號，台灣。

3)

Corresponding author, e-mail:[email protected]; Tel: 886-4-23226940 ext. 556. 通訊作者。

Received August 2015, Accepted September 2015. 2015年8月送審 2015年9月通過。

研究簡報

台灣兩種新歸化植物—小花球果紫菫與瘤子草

王秋美 ¹⁾ 張坤城 ²⁾ 陳志雄 ^1,3)

摘 要

本文報導兩種新歸化的草本植物，罌粟科的小花球果紫菫與爵床科的瘤子草，前者目前在台灣中 部發現，主要記錄在農業區內，後者為新紀錄之歸化屬，在台灣中部至南部發現，且拓殖力強，是很 明顯的入侵型草本。本文提供分類特徵描述，手繪圖，以及在台灣的分佈點以供鑑定。

關鍵詞：爵床科、入侵植物、罌粟科、小花球果紫菫、瘤子草。

王秋美、張坤城、陳志雄。 2016。台灣兩種新歸化植物—小花球果紫菫與瘤子草。台灣林業科學 31(2):135-41。

The Papaveraceae in the APG III system includes 3 families that were separated: the Papaveraceae sensu stricto, the Fumariaceae, and the Pteridophyllaceae (APG III 2009).

Eight species of Corydalis and 1 species of Fumaria in the Fumariaceae were recorded in Taiwan, and the Fumaria officinalis reported in north of Taiwan (Liu and Yang 1996). Re- cently, in our botanical inventory, a newly recorded species Fumaria parviflora Lam., was found in central Taiwan and is now con- sidered to be a naturalized plant. This species was often found in farmland and is well es- tablished in cultivated field.

In addition, in the Flora of Taiwan 2

edition, there are 15 genera and 32 species of the Acanthaceae recorded in Taiwan (Hsieh and Huang 2000). Further, 1 species (Huang and Wang 2009) and several naturalized spe- cies (Wu et al. 2010) were recorded in recent years. During our field investigation, Nelso- nia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. was found as a newly recorded genus of the Acanthaceae in Taiwan. We found that this species has become a major weed in roadsides and urban areas, and is now considered to be a natural- ized plant.

TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

1.Fumaria parviflora Lam. Encycl. (2):567.

1788. ...

...

(Figs. 1, 3) (

) Annual herb, erect or somewhat prostrate.

Stem glabrous, up to 60 cm tall. Leaves alter- nate, 2~5 cm long, 3 or 4 pinnately divided. In- florescence a raceme, terminal or opposite the leaves. Flowers 5~7 mm long; bracts greenish- white, ca. 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; sepals 2, shed after flowering, 0.5~1.5 mm long; petals 4, white or pink to purple, persistent after pollina- tion, the upper one is largest, up to 7 mm long, spurred at the base, inner 2 petals adherent at the tips, oblanceolate; stamens 6, fused in 2 opposite sets, ca. 5 mm long; ovary subspheric, style 1, stigma dot-like. Fruit nutlet, spherical, ca. 2 mm in diameter; seed 1.

Specimens examined: Changhua County, Erlin Township, C. M. Wang 16160 (TNM);

Yunlin County, Mailiao Township, C. M.

Wang 15233 (TNM); C. H. Chen 11236 (TNM); Tainan City, Anding District, C. M.

Wang 15909; 16165 (TNM).

Distribution and notes: The genus Fu- maria comprises ca. 50 species (Manning et al.

2009), most of which grow around the Medi-

Fig. 1. Fumaria parviflora. A, habit; B, leaf; C, bract; D, flower; E, sepal; F, petals; G, pistil and stamens; H, fruits; I, seeds.

Fumaria parviflora, currently known from Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia (Jameel et al. 2014), was found in central Taiwan (Fig. 4). It has become well established in agriculture areas, presumably due to agricul-

F. officinalis, otherwise the only species of the

genus recorded in Taiwan in morphology, dif-

fering from the latter in its smaller flower (5~7

vs. 7~9 mm long), much smaller sepal (ca. 1

vs. 2~3.5 mm long), and narrower leaflets.

Fig. 2. Nelsonia canescens. A, habit; B, bract; C, calyces; D, flower; E, corolla; F, stamen; G, pistil; H, capsule with seeds; I, seeds.

2.Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. Syst.

Veg. 1:42. 1824. ...

...

(Figs. 2, 3) (

) Justicia canescens Lam. Tabl. Encycl.

1:41. 1791.

Ascending herb. Stems prostrate and rooted at proximal nodes, with spreading

erect to flexuose, silky glandular trichomes.

Leaves ovate to elliptic, petioles ca. 6-12 mm long; blades ca. 15~40 mm long, 5~15 mm wide. Inflorescence of cylindric spikes to ca.

4 (5.5) cm long and ca. 1.5 cm in diameter,

peduncles almost absent; bracts spirally ar-

ranged, broadly ovate to elliptic, 5~7 mm

long, 3~5 mm wide, abaxial surface and margin pubescent with silky trichomes. Flow- ers sessile; calyces 4, anterior lobe split 2 in front, cleft 0.2~1 mm long; corolla white with pink lobes, glabrous, 4~6 mm long, upper lip ca. 1.5 mm long, lower lip ca. 2.5 mm long;

anther thecae V-shaped, ca. 0.5 mm long.

Capsule teardrop-shaped, ca. 3 mm long.

Seeds subglobose, a dozen per capsule, sur- face rugose, 0.3~0.5 mm long.

Specimens examined: Tainan City, And- ing District, C. H. Chen 11309 (TNM); Ka- ohsiung City, Daliao Dist, C. M. Wang 16175 (TNM); Fongshan District, C. M. Wang 16137 (TNM); Sinsing District, C. M. Wang 16174 (TNM); Pingtung County, Hengchun Town, C.

M. Wang 15469 (TNM).

Distribution and notes: Nelsonia is a pantropical genus that is native to tropical Af- rica, southern Asia, and Australia (Wenk and Fig. 3. Fumaria parviflora. A, habit; B, inflorescence; C, flower; D, fruits; Nelsonia

canescens. E, habit; F, inflorescence. Bar = 5 mm.

Daniel 2009). This genus has been treated as consisting of a single variable species (Hossain 1984) or 5 somewhat loosely delimited spe- cies (Vollesen 1994, Frank and Daniel 2011).

Additionally, specimens collected from the same locality but growing in different habitats can exhibit different morphologies (Hossain 1984). This species was also reported from southern North America, Central America, tropical South America, and the West Indies (Frank and Daniel 2011). Nelsonia canescens is currently found in central to southern Tai- wan (Fig. 4), and is often adjacent to paved roadsides. This species grows very advanta- geously and forms a high coverage in grass- lands, so it is obviously a naturalized plant.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Ms. Shang-Yu Hung (

) for the excellent line drawings. Thanks are

also given to Mr. Chih-Hsiung Chen (

, same name as the corresponding author), Chang-Lang Liu (

), Cing-Yi Dong (

), Chun-Min Wang (

), You-De Lin (

) and Ms. Yue-E Huang (

) for information and support with fieldwork.

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