施用石灰與堆肥對水稻及青梗白菜中銅和鋅相互作用之影響

୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢғނၗྍᄤၭᏢଣၭ཰ϯᏢس ᅺγፕЎ

Department of Agricultural Chemistry College of Bioresources and Agruiculture

National Taiwan University Master Thesis

ࡼҔҡԪᆶ୴ޥჹНዿϷߙఒқ๼ύልکᎋ࣬ϕբҔ ϐቹៜ ^!

The Effect of Applying Lime and Compost on Copper and Zinc Interaction of Rice and Bok Coy

೚჏ࣔ

Chia-Chen Hsu

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻഋ൧፣ റγ

Advisor: Zueng-Sang Chen, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 102 ԃ 6 Д

June, 2013

II

ᇞ ᇞᖴ

ᅺγٿԃғఱύǴߚத໒Јૈ຾Εβፓჴᡍ࠻Ǵௗڙഋ൧፣௲௤ޑࡰᏤǶӧ Դৣي΢Ꮲಞډޑό໻ࢂᏢޣ॥ጄǴ׳ӭޑࢂ଺Γೀ٣ޑၰ౛Ƕ೚ӭ၉ᇟவԴৣ

αύᇥрࢂٗ૓ޑี᚞ѳதǴՠвಒӣښࡕǴωᡏ཮ډٗ٤၉ᇟࢂԴৣӭԃΓғ

࿶ᡍ܌ేྡྷрٰޑǶԴৣޑεБǵ዗ЈշΓǵҔЈྣ៝ᏢғᆶࡑΓ๱གྷ೿ࢂᏢғ ᏢಞޑᄦኬǶߚதགᖴԴৣٿԃٰޑࡰᏤǴԴৣᖴᖴாǼ

α၂྽Ϻ҅೹ረ॥Ǵՠ୯ҥύᑫεᏢβᝆᕉნࣽᏢس! ഋϘࣀ௲௤ᆶ໳ျሎ

௲௤ǴܴၰεᏢᆒठၭ཰س! ᒘᗶျ௲௤Ǵϝόࣙ॥ߘ߻ٰඹᏢғα၂Ǵ੿ࢂག ᐟόᅰǼΟՏαہࣣߚதಒЈܬ҅ᏢғፕЎޑᒱᇤϷගٮᝊ຦ޑࡌ᝼ǴᏢғߚத ڙҔǼᖴᖴαہޑቩ᎙Ǵ٬ᏢғፕЎ׳уֹ๓Ƕ

ፕЎளа໩ճֹԋǴ२Ӄाགᖴჴᡍ࠻ޑԋ঩Ǵᖴᖴεৎӧჴᡍ΢๏ϒޑڐ շǴΨࡐ໒Јૈکεৎ΋ଆрѐ௦ኬǶќѦǴᖴᖴךޑ܌Ԗܻ϶ॺǴᖴᖴգॺӧ ךഉךӞ໭ǵಠϺǵϩ٦ғࢲ΋Ϫޑ഻ࡗࠉ኷ǴؒԖգॺǴךޑғࢲ཮࢏ᔿ೚ӭǶ ߚதགᐟૈ຾Εၗྍᙦ൤ޑᆵε൩᠐ǴᖴᖴᏢਠ܌ගٮޑၗྍǴ٬ךӧ൩Ꮲය໔ ёಡ᠋ᄽᖱǵୖᆶӚᅿࢲ୏Ϸπբ֝฻Ǵӧޕ᛽܈ޣЈᡫБय़೿ԖߚதӭޑԏᛘǶ നࡕǴᖴᖴךޑኑ϶ϷךനᒃངޑৎΓǴᖴᖴգॺᕴࢂӧङࡕЍ࡭ךǴᔅךуݨ Ѻ਻Ƕᖴᖴգॺޑх৒ϷᅈᅈޑངǴ๏ϒךԾҗᡣךૈ଺Ծρ഻៿ޑ٣௃ǴЪЍ

࡭Ϸ൧ख़ךޑ؂΋໨،ۓǶԖգॺ੿ӳǴךངգॺǶ

ࡼ

ࡼҔҡԪᆶ୴ޥჹНዿϷߙఒқ๼ύልکᎋ࣬ϕբҔϐቹៜ

೚჏ࣔ

ύЎᄔा

ϯᏢڰۓݤёҔܭ᏾ݯልᎋԡࢉβᝆǴ຾Զफ़եբނᡏύልکᎋޑ֖ໆǶฅ ԶǴ߻Γࣴزӭ๱ख़ܭ൨פԖਏׯؼᏊаफ़եբނᡏύልکᎋޑᐚࡋǴ٠҂௖૸

ࡼҔׯؼᏊࡕǴբނᡏύልکᎋϐ࣬ϕբҔǶҁࣴزҞޑࣁᕕှࡼҔҡԪᆶ୴ޥ ࡕǴբނᡏᆶβᝆύልکᎋϐ࣬ϕբҔǴ٠аΟᅿ๧ڗᏊႣෳբނᡏύልکᎋޑ ᐚࡋǶҁࣴزᒧҔНዿᆵࠄ 11 ဦȐOryza sativa L. Tainan 11ȑϷߙఒқ๼ȐBrassica chinensis L. cv. Ching-GeengȑٿᅿբނǴᅿ෌ܭ୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢΓπ਻ংჴᡍ࠻Ƕβ ᝆబуΟᅿልᐚࡋϩձࣁ 0ǵ75 ᆶ 150 mg/kgǴబуΟᅿᎋᐚࡋϩձࣁ 0ǵ200 ᆶ 400 mg/kgǴబуΟᅿׯؼᏊϩձࣁ҂ࡼҔǵࡼҔҡԪȐፓ᏾ pH Կ 6.8ȑᆶࡼҔ

୴ޥȐ60 ton/ha

ࣴز่݀ᡉҢǴ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊᆶࡼҔҡԪΠǴልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔჹዼಈౢໆ คቹៜǶฅԶࡼҔ୴ޥΠǴልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔჹዼಈౢໆԖᡉ๱ቹៜǴЪషӝబ уልکᎋ཮٬ዼಈౢໆΠफ़Ƕልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔቹៜНዿӚ೽Տύልکᎋޑำࡋ ࣁǺᕫԯ > Ӧ΢೽ ɪ ዿਥǶόᆅԖคࡼҔҡԪ܈୴ޥǴబуልᐚࡋ 75 ܈ 150 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 400 mg/kgǴ཮ߦ຾ᕫԯ֎ԏልǶబуᎋᐚࡋ 200 ܈ 400 mg/kgޑβᝆǴӆబуል 75 ܈ 150 mg/kgǴεठ΢ό཮ߦ຾ᕫԯ֎ԏᎋǶ܌аబ уᎋჹᕫԯ֎ԏልޑቹៜၨεǴబуልჹᕫԯ֎ԏᎋޑቹៜၨλǶ

ȑǴ܌Ԗೀ౛֡ࡼҔϯᏢޥ਑Ǵ٠຾ՉѤख़ፄǶ

҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊΠǴልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔ཮ቹៜߙఒқ๼ޑख़ໆǴషӝబуልک ᎋ཮٬ߙఒқ๼ख़ໆफ़եǶࡼҔҡԪᆶ୴ޥࡕǴబуል܈ᎋ߾ჹߙఒқ๼ख़ໆค

IV

200 ܈ 400 mg/kg

εठ΢ǴόᆅԖคࡼҔׯؼᏊǴబуል٠ό཮ߦ຾܈׭ڋ 0.05 M EDTA ᆶ 0.005 M DTPA ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋǴϸϐҭฅǶ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊΠǴబуᎋ཮ߦ຾ 0.01 M CaCl

ޑβᝆǴӆబуል 75 ܈ 150 mg/kgǴό཮ߦ຾ߙఒқ๼֎ԏᎋǶ

܌аబуᎋ཮׭ڋߙఒқ๼֎ԏልǴబуልό཮ቹៜߙఒқ๼֎ԏᎋǶ

2

ё๧ڗልᐚࡋǴబуልΨ཮ߦ຾ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋǶࡼҔҡԪᆶ

୴ޥࡕǴబуᎋ܈ል߾ό཮ߦ຾ 0.01 M CaCl

2

όᆅԖคࡼҔׯؼᏊǴ0.05 M EDTA Ϸ 0.005 M DTPAё๧ڗልᐚࡋёႣෳᕫ ԯϷߙఒқ๼ύልޑᐚࡋǶ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊΠǴ0.05 M EDTAǵ0.005 M DTPA Ϸ 0.01 M CaCl

ё๧ڗል܈ᎋᐚࡋǶ

2

ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋёႣෳᕫԯύᎋޑᐚࡋǶόᆅԖคࡼҔׯؼᏊǴ0.05 M EDTAǵ0.005 M DTPA Ϸ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗᎋёႣෳఒқ๼ύᎋޑᐚࡋǶ

ᜢ

ᜢᗖຒǺልǵᎋǵ࣬ϕբҔǵНዿǵߙఒқ๼ǵё๧ڗልکᎋǵϯᏢڰۓݤ

The Effect of Applying Lime and Compost on Copper and Zinc Interaction of Rice and Bok Coy

Chia-Chen Hsu

Abstract

Chemical stabilization have been used to remediate copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) contaminated soil for the purpose of reducing the Cu and Zn concentration of crops.

However, previous studies emphasized on finding efficient amendments to reduce Cu and Zn concentration of crops, few of them investigated Cu-Zn interaction of crops and soil after applying lime or compost. The objective of this research aims to understand the Cu-Zn interaction of crops and soil after applying lime or compost, as well as predicting Cu and Zn concentration of crops by using three extractants. Rice (Oryza sativa L. Tainan 11) and Bok Coy (Brassica chinensis L. cv. Ching-Geeng) were chosen.

Three spiked Cu concentration are 0 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg; three spiked Zn concentration are 0 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg; three amendments are no amendment (NA), lime, and compost. Chemical fertilizer was applied to every treatment, and conducted in four replicates.

Results indicated that in NA and lime treatment, grain yield was not affected by Cu-Zn interaction. While under compost treatment, grain yield was significantly affected by Cu-Zn interaction, and grain yield was reduced markedly when soil was mixed with the combination of Cu and Zn.

The effect of Cu-Zn interaction on Cu and Zn concentration in different parts of rice are as follows: brown rice > shoot ɭ root. Whether amendments were applied or

VI

mg/kg doesn’t stimulate brown rice to uptake Zn. Therefore, the effect of Zn addition on brown rice to uptake Cu is stronger than Cu addition on brown rice to uptake Zn.

In NA treatment, the weight of Bok Coy was affected by Cu-Zn interaction, and its weight was decreased after using combined Cu and Zn treatment. After applying lime or compost, Zn addition or Cu addition had no effect on Bok Coy’s weight. In NA treatment, adding Zn 200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg to soil spiked with Cu 75 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg inhibited Bok Coy to uptake Cu, while the situation didn’t occur after applying lime or compost. With or without applying lime or compost, adding Cu 75 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg to soil spiked with Zn 0 mg/kg, Zn 200 mg/kg or Zn 400 mg/kg didn’t stimulate Bok Coy to uptake Zn. To sum up, Zn addition can inhibit Bok Coy to uptake Cu; Cu addition can’t affect Bok Coy to uptake Zn.

In general, whether amendments were applied or not, 0.05 M EDTA and 0.005 M DTPA extractable Zn concentration wasn’t stimulated or inhibited by Cu addition, and vice versa. In NA treatment, Zn addition stimulates 0.01 M CaCl

₂

extractable Cu concentration, and vice versa. After applying lime and compost, Zn addition or Cu addition doesn’t stimulate 0.01 M CaCl

₂

Whether amendments were applied or not, 0.05 M EDTA, 0.005 M DTPA and 0.01 M CaCl

extractable Cu and Zn concentration.

2

extractable Cu concentration can be used to predict Cu concentration of brown rice and Bok Coy. In NA treatment, 0.05 M EDTA, 0.005 M DTPA and 0.01 M CaCl

2

extractable Zn concentration can be used to predict Zn concentration of Brown rice.

Whether amendments were applied or not, 0.05 M EDTA, 0.005 M DTPA and 0.01 M CaCl

₂

extractable Zn concentration can be used to predict Zn concentration of Bok Coy.

Key wordsǺcopper, zinc, interaction, rice, Bok Coy, extractable copper and zinc,

chemical stabilization

Ҟ Ҟᒵ

।ԛ ᇞᖴ ... II ύЎᄔा ... III Abstract ... V Ҟᒵ ... VII ߄Ҟᒵ ... X კҞᒵ ... XI

ಃ΋ക ߻ق ... 1

ಃΒക ߻Γࣴز ... 3

ಃ΋࿯ǵ ልکᎋ ... 3

ಃΒ࿯ǵ ልᎋԡࢉٰྍϷ౜ݩ ... 3

ಃΟ࿯ǵ ᏾ݯልᎋԡࢉβᝆϐБݤ ... 4

΋ǵ ғނ᏾ݯБݤ ... 5

Βǵ ނ౛᏾ݯБݤ ... 8

Οǵ ϯᏢ᏾ݯБݤ ... 8

ಃѤ࿯ǵ ልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔ ... 10

΋ǵ ෌ᡏ ... 10

Βǵ βᝆ ... 11

ಃϖ࿯ǵ Нዿ ... 12

ಃϤ࿯ǵ ൂ΋๧ڗݤ ... 14

ಃΟക ׷਑ᆶБݤ ... 16

ಃ΋࿯ǵ ၂ᡍβᝆ ... 16

ಃΒ࿯ǵ ၂ᡍβᝆ୷ҁ౛ϯ܄፦ϩ݋ ... 16

΋ǵ βᝆНϩ֖ໆǺख़ໆݤ ... 16

Βǵ pHॶǺႝཱུෳໆݤ ... 16

Οǵ βᝆ፦ӦǺ֎ᆅݤ ... 16

Ѥǵ βᝆԖᐒᅹ֖ໆǺWalkley-Black ྒྷԄ਼ϯݤ ... 17

ϖǵ ҡԪሡाໆǺSMP Бݤ ... 17 Ϥǵ βᝆӄໆልکᎋǺЦН੃ϯݤ

VIII

ಃѤ࿯ǵ ࣧਭೀ౛ ... 18

΋ǵ ൂ΋܈షӝబуልᎋᐚࡋ ... 18

Βǵ ࡼҔׯؼᏊȐNAǵCompostǵLimeȑ ... 19

ಃϖ࿯ǵ ࣧਭ၂ᡍ ... 20

΋ǵ Нዿ ... 20

Βǵ ߙఒқ๼ ... 20

Οǵ ෌ᡏ߻ೀ౛ ... 21

Ѥǵ ෌ᡏϩှǺHNO

3

-HClO

₄

... 21

ϖǵ βᝆғނё๧ڗልᎋᐚࡋෳۓ ... 21

ಃϤ࿯ǵ ಍ीϩ݋ ... 22

ಃѤക ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ ... 23

ಃ΋࿯ǵ ٮ၂βᝆ୷ҁ౛ϯ܄፦ ... 23

ಃΒ࿯ǵ ၂ᡍҔ୴ޥ܄፦ ... 23

ಃΟ࿯ǵ όӕೀ౛ΠНዿϐғߏ௃׎ ... 26

ಃѤ࿯ǵ ልᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹНዿғߏϐቹៜ ... 28

ಃϖ࿯ǵ όӕೀ౛ჹНዿύልᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 31

΋ǵ ᕫԯ ... 31

Βǵ НዿӦ΢೽ ... 33

Οǵ ዿਥ ... 33

ಃϤ࿯ǵ ልᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹНዿύልᐚࡋϐቹៜ ... 36

΋ǵ ᕫԯ ... 36

Βǵ НዿӦ΢೽ ... 40

Οǵ ዿਥ ... 44

Ѥǵ ᕴ่ ... 47

ಃΎ࿯ǵ όӕೀ౛ჹНዿύᎋᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 47

΋ǵ ᕫԯ ... 47

Βǵ НዿӦ΢೽ ... 49

Οǵ ዿਥ ... 49

ಃΖ࿯ǵ ልᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹНዿύᎋᐚࡋϐቹៜ ... 52

΋ǵ ᕫԯ ... 52

Βǵ НዿӦ΢೽ ... 55

Οǵ ዿਥ ... 59

Ѥǵ ᕴ่ ... 62

ಃΐ࿯ǵ όӕೀ౛Πߙఒқ๼ғߏ௃׎ ... 63

ಃΜ࿯ǵ ልᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹߙఒқ๼ଳख़ϐቹៜ ... 63

ಃΜ΋࿯ǵ όӕೀ౛Πߙఒқ๼ύልޑᐚࡋ ... 67

ಃΜΒ࿯ǵ ልᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹߙఒқ๼ύልޑቹៜ ... 70

΋ǵ బуልᐚࡋ 0 mg/kg ... 70

Βǵ బуልᐚࡋ 75 mg/kg ... 73

Οǵ బуልᐚࡋ 150 mg/kg ... 73

ಃΜΟ࿯ǵ όӕೀ౛Πߙఒқ๼ύᎋޑᐚࡋ ... 74

ಃΜѤ࿯ǵ ልᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹߙఒқ๼ύᎋޑቹៜ ... 76

΋ǵ బуᎋᐚࡋ 0 mg/kg ... 76

Βǵ బуᎋᐚࡋ 200 mg/kg ... 76

Οǵ బуᎋᐚࡋ 400 mg/kg ... 76

ಃΜϖ࿯ǵ όӕೀ౛Πβᝆύё๧ڗልکᎋᐚࡋ ... 79

΋ǵ 0.05 M EDTA ё๧ڗልکᎋ ... 79

Βǵ 0.005 M DTPA ё๧ڗልکᎋ ... 79

Οǵ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗልکᎋ ... 83

Ѥǵ ᕴ่ ... 83

ಃΜϤ࿯ǵ βᝆё๧ڗልکᎋϐ࣬ϕբҔ ... 85

΋ǵል………85

Βǵᎋ……….93

ಃΜΎ࿯ǵ βᝆύё๧ڗልᐚࡋᆶբނύልᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 101

ಃΜΖ࿯ǵ βᝆύё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋᆶբނύᎋᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 109

ಃϖക ่ፕ ... 116

ୖԵЎ᝘ ...118

ߕᒵ ... 127

X

߄ ߄Ҟᒵ

߄ 1ǵόӕᡏख़Πልᎋ؂В৒೚ឪڗໆ ... 13

߄ 2ǵ၂ᡍβᝆϐ౛ϯ܄፦ ... 24

߄ 3ǵ၂ᡍҔ୴ޥϐ୷ҁ܄፦ ... 25

߄ 4ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹዼಈख़ໆޑቹៜ ... 29

߄ 5ǵόӕೀ౛Πልکᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹዼಈଳख़ޑቹៜ ... 30

߄ 6ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹᕫԯύልᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 37

߄ 7ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹНዿӦ΢೽ύልᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 41

߄ 8ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹНዿਥ೽ύልᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 45

߄ 9ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹᕫԯύᎋᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 53

߄ 10ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹНዿӦ΢೽ύᎋᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 56

߄ 11ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹዿਥύᎋᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 60

߄ 12ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹߙఒқ๼ଳख़ޑቹៜ ... 66

߄ 13ǵόӕೀ౛Πልکᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹߙఒқ๼ଳख़ޑቹៜ ... 68

߄ 14ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹߙఒқ๼ύልᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 71

߄ 15ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹߙఒқ๼ύᎋᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 77

߄ 16ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹ 0.05 M EDTAё๧ڗልᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 86

߄ 17ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.05 M EDTA ё๧ڗልᐚࡋ ... 87

߄ 18ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹ 0.005 M DTPAё๧ڗልᐚࡋޑቹៜ.... 88

߄ 19ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.005 M DTPA ё๧ڗልᐚࡋ ... 90

߄ 20ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗልᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 91

߄ 21ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗልᐚࡋ ... 92

߄ 22ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹ 0.05 M EDTA ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 94

߄ 23ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.05 M EDTA ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋ ... 95

߄ 24ǵόӕೀ౛ልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹ 0.005 M DTPA ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋޑቹៜ ... 96

߄ 25ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.005 M DTPA ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋ ... 98

߄ 26ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋޑቹៜ .... 99

߄ 27ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋ ... 100

კ კҞᒵ

კ 1ǵ෌ғᛙۓᐒڋޑҢཀკ ... 6

კ 2ǵ෌ғ๧ڗᐒڋޑҢཀკ ... 7

კ 3ǵόӕೀ౛ΠНዿዼಈଳख़ ... 27

კ 4ǵόӕೀ౛Πᕫԯύልᐚࡋ ... 32

კ 5ǵόӕೀ౛ΠНዿӦ΢೽ύልᐚࡋ ... 34

კ 6ǵόӕೀ౛ΠНዿਥ೽ύልᐚࡋ ... 35

კ 7ǵόӕೀ౛Πᒿ๱ᎋᐚࡋޑቚуᕫԯύልᐚࡋޑᡂϯ ... 38

კ 8ǵόӕೀ౛Πᒿ๱ᎋᐚࡋޑቚуНዿӦ΢೽ύልᐚࡋޑᡂϯ ... 42

კ 9ǵόӕೀ౛Πᒿ๱ᎋᐚࡋޑቚуዿਥύልᐚࡋޑᡂϯ ... 46

კ 10ǵόӕೀ౛Πᕫԯύᎋᐚࡋ ... 48

კ 11ǵόӕೀ౛ΠНዿӦ΢೽ύᎋᐚࡋ ... 50

კ 12ǵόӕೀ౛Πዿਥύᎋᐚࡋ ... 51

კ 13ǵόӕೀ౛Πᒿ๱ልᐚࡋޑቚуᕫԯύᎋᐚࡋޑᡂϯ ... 54

კ 14ǵόӕೀ౛Πᒿ๱ልᐚࡋޑቚуНዿӦ΢೽ύᎋᐚࡋޑᡂϯ ... 58

კ 15ǵόӕೀ౛Πᒿ๱ልᐚࡋޑቚуዿਥύᎋᐚࡋޑᡂϯ ... 61

კ 16ǵόӕೀ౛Πߙఒқ๼ଳख़ ... 64

კ 17ǵНዿԏᛘࡕόӕೀ౛Πβᝆ pH ॶ ... 65

კ 18ǵόӕೀ౛Πߙఒқ๼ύልᐚࡋ ... 69

კ 19ǵόӕೀ౛Πᒿ๱ᎋᐚࡋޑቚуߙఒқ๼ύልᐚࡋޑᡂϯ ... 72

კ 20ǵόӕೀ౛Πߙఒқ๼ύᎋᐚࡋ ... 75

კ 22ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.05 M EDTAё๧ڗልکᎋޑᐚࡋ ... 80

კ 23ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.005 M DTPAё๧ڗልکᎋޑᐚࡋ ... 82

კ 24ǵόӕೀ౛Π 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗልکᎋޑᐚࡋ ... 84

კ 25ǵ0.05 M EDTA ё๧ڗልᐚࡋᆶᕫԯύልᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 103

კ 27ǵ0.01M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗልᐚࡋᆶᕫԯύልᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 105

კ 28ǵ0.05 M EDTA ё๧ڗልᐚࡋᆶߙఒқ๼ύልᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 106

კ 29ǵ0.05 M DTPA ё๧ڗልᐚࡋᆶߙఒқ๼ύልᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 107

კ 30ǵ0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗልᐚࡋᆶߙఒқ๼ύልᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 108

კ 31ǵ0.05 M EDTA ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋᆶᕫԯύᎋᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 110

კ 32ǵ0.005 M DTPA ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋᆶᕫԯύᎋᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 111

კ 33ǵ0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋᆶᕫԯύᎋᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 112

კ 35ǵ0.005 M DTPA ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋᆶߙఒқ๼ύᎋᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 114

კ 36ǵ0.01 M CaCl ё๧ڗᎋᐚࡋᆶߙఒқ๼ύᎋᐚࡋޑᜢ߯ ... 115

1

ಃ

ಃ΋ക ߻ق

ልکᎋࢂբނᡏύόё܈લޑ༾ໆϡનǴբނѸ໪ឪڗ፾ໆልکᎋǴωૈᆢ

࡭ځ୷ҁғ౛фૈǶልჹܭբނޑӀӝբҔǵڥ֎բҔǵೈқ፦жᖴ฻֡תᄽ๱

ख़ाفՅǹᎋ߾کբނᡏύᅹНϯӝނǵೈқ፦ϷᕗለޑжᖴԖᜢǴΨୖᆶғߏ નک RNA ӝԋ(Fox and Guerinot, 1998)ǶόၸǴልکᎋӧբނᡏύᗨתᄽ๱ख़ा

فՅǴ΋ѿբނ֎ԏၸໆልکᎋǴϸԶ཮ԖယТ໳ϯޑࢥ্௃ݩǴҭёૈᏤठౢ

ໆ෧ϿǶ׳ԖࣗޣǴΓᡏऩឪ१֖ၸໆልᎋϐբނᗋ཮ౢғ⧋ЈǵჍӗǵဎᘞ฻

ੱރǴᝄख़ޣ཮Їଆطݹǵܶ଎ǵ࡚܄๝૰ᆃ฻ٳวੱǶ

ࣁΑफ़եΓᜪឪ१֖ၸໆልᎋբނϐ॥ᓀǴ२ӃѸ໪ᕕှ೷ԋբނᡏ֎ԏε ໆልکᎋޑচӢǶբނ֎ԏεໆልکᎋޑЬाচӢǴࢂբނғߏܭልᎋԡࢉޑβ ᝆǴβᝆύልکᎋԡࢉޑٰྍЬाࢂό྽ޑβӦᆅ౛БԄ೷ԋǴٯӵࡼҔ֖ል܈

ᎋϐ੿๵ఠᙝᏊǵԡݝϷ 㾆ޥܭβᝆύǶԜѦǴልᎋ᝜ޑ໒௦کկྡྷǵߎឦуπǵ ᐒఓᇙ೷ǵᒳ៓ғ㰗ΨࢂβᝆύልᎋԡࢉޑٰྍǶ

ᕕှβᝆύልᎋԡࢉޑচӢࡕǴௗΠٰߡሡԵቾӵՖωૈനԖਏӦှ،ୢᚒǶ

ှ،βᝆύልکᎋԡࢉޑБݤхࡴᙌβีញݤȐsoil turnoverȑǵβᝆరࢱݤȐsoil leachingȑǵϯᏢڰۓݤȐchemical stabilizationȑǵ෌ғൺػȐphytoremediationȑ฻Ƕ ځύǴᏢೌࣚදၹᇡࣁϯᏢڰۓݤࢂԋҁၨե༹ޑ᏾ݯמೌǴځচ౛ࣁబуׯؼ ᏊԿβᝆǴ٬βᝆύޑख़ߎឦᆶׯؼᏊౢғ֎ߕǵᒱӝᆶ؈ᐘբҔǴவԶफ़եβ ᝆύख़ߎឦޑԖਏ܄Ϸ౽୏܄Ǵ෧Ͽբނ֎ԏख़ߎឦޑᐒ཮(Chen et al., 2000)Ƕׯ ؼᏊё୔ϩࣁคᐒϷԖᐒٿᅿǴคᐒׯؼᏊхࡴҡԪǵݦҡǵ਼ϯނϷᗹβ᝜ނǹ ԖᐒׯؼᏊ߾хࡴғނԡݝǵᚆηҬඤᐋિϷԖᐒޥ਑ǶӧคᐒׯؼᏊБय़ǴᏢ ޣςࡰрҡԪ(Geebelen et al., 2003)ǵݦҡ(Oste et al., 2002)ǵᕗለᡶ(Basta and Mcgowen, 2004)ёफ़եβᝆύख़ߎឦޑԖਏ܄ǶԿܭԖᐒׯؼᏊǴࡼҔ፜㸥ޥǵዿ าϷᆘޥёԖਏफ़եልکᙿޑྋှࡋ(Mohamed et al., 2010)ǶќࣴزҭᡉҢࡼҔ୴

ޥܭልǵႉϷᎋԡࢉϐβᝆǴёफ़եልǵႉϷᎋޑԖਏ܄(Paradelo et al., 2011)Ƕவ

΢ॊࣴزёޕǴϯᏢڰۓݤ܌٬ҔޑคᐒϷԖᐒׯؼᏊǴ֡ёफ़եβᝆύख़ߎឦ ޑԖਏ܄Ƕ

߻ॊϯᏢڰۓݤޑࣴز۳۳๱ख़ܭ൨פԖਏׯؼᏊǴаफ़եβᝆύልکᎋޑ Ԗਏ܄Ǵ຾Զ෧Ͽբނᡏύልکᎋޑ֖ໆǴࣗϿࣴز௖૸బуׯؼᏊࡕǴբނᡏ ύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔǶّϞࣁЗǴբނᡏύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔϝόܴࣗਟǴځ࣬

ϕ բ Ҕ ࡽ ё ૈ ࣁ ࡮ ל բ Ҕ Ȑ antagonismȑǴ ҭ ё ૈ ࣁ ڐ ӕ բ Ҕ Ȑ synergismȑǶ Kabata-Pendias Ϸ Pendias (2001) ࡰрልᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔࣁ࡮לբҔǴջ྽Ԗ΋ϡન ӸӧਔǴ཮फ़եќ΋ϡનޑ֎ԏǶKim ک McBride (2009) Ψගр࣬՟ޑـှǴځ

ࣴزࡰрልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔ཮೷ԋεلύᎋᐚࡋޑ෧ϿǶฅԶǴLuo ک Rimmer (1995) ޑࣴزࠅᡉҢǴբނύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔࣁڐӕբҔǴεഝғߏܭషӝబ уልکᎋޑβᝆǴεഝύᎋޑᐚࡋ཮ගଯǶҗԜёـǴᏢࣚჹܭբނᡏύልکᎋ زឦ࡮ל܈ڐӕբҔǴԿϞۘ҂ԖۓـǴϝࡑ຾΋؁௖૸ልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔǴࢂ

ց཮ߦ຾܈׭ڋբނ֎ԏልکᎋǴ຾ԶቹៜբނғߏǶ

ҁࣴزҞޑࣁаНዿϷߙఒқ๼ࣁٯǴᕕှࡼҔҡԪک୴ޥٿᅿׯؼᏊࡕǴ բނᡏᆶβᝆύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔǴ௖૸బуልࢂց཮ߦ຾܈׭ڋբނ֎ԏᎋǴ ϸϐҭฅǶԜѦҁࣴزᒧҔΟᅿ๧ڗᏊ๧ڗβᝆύልکᎋǴ٠аё๧ڗልکᎋႣ

ෳբނᡏύልکᎋޑᐚࡋǶ

3

ಃ

ಃΒക ߻Γࣴز

ಃ΋࿯ǵልکᎋ

ልکᎋࣁ෌ނ܌ሡޑѸा༾ໆϡનǴ෌ނឪڗ፾྽ልکᎋёᆢ࡭෌ނғ౛ᐒ

ૈǶልӧ෌ނᡏύ਼ϯᗋচޑၸำתᄽ๱ख़ाفՅǴӵڥ֎բҔύתᄽႝη໺ሀ فՅޑಒझՅન਼ϯ䁙ǴӀӝբҔύޑ፦ᡏᙔનǵ෌ނಒझᏛЕ፦ϯޑᅊ਼ϯሇ નǹᎋࣁ 300 ӭᅿሇનȐӵΌᎇಥణ䁙ǵልᎋຬ਼ݔϯ䁙کᅹለಥణ䁙ȑޑಔԋǴ کբނᡏύᅹНϯӝނǵೈқ፦ϷᕗለޑжᖴԖᜢǴΨୖᆶғߏનک RNA ӝԋ (Fox and Guerinot, 1998)Ƕ

ልکᎋӕਔΨࢂՉࡹଣᕉნߥៈ࿿ӈᆅޑΖεख़ߎឦǴ΋ѿբނ֎ԏၸໆል کᎋǴϸԶ཮ౢғࢥ্௃ݩǶբނऩڙډልࢥ্Ǵբނޑϩ䓱߾཮ڙߔǵਥอЪ ࠆǵယТ཮ӃևుᆘՅǴϐࡕᙯࣁ៓લЮȐཥယ໳қϯȑޑੱރ(Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 2000)Ǵᝄख़ਔယТᡂ໵Ϸ࢏๺Ǵ໒޸ҭڙቹៜǶԿܭբނऩڙډᎋࢥ্Ǵ բނޑယӾکཥယޑ࿯໔཮և౜໳Յ܈р౜໳ՅඬᗺǵယТᡂλϷཥယᘀғǶ׳

ԖࣗޣǴΓᡏऩឪ१֖ၸໆልᎋϐբނᗋ཮ౢғ⧋ЈǵჍӗǵဎᘞ฻ੱރǴᝄख़ ޣ཮Їଆطݹǵܶ଎ǵ࡚܄๝૰ᆃ฻ٳวੱǶԖ᠙ܭΓᡏឪ१ၸໆልکᎋ཮ჹΓ ᡏ଼நౢғ࠶ુǴךॺѸ໪ᕕှ೷ԋբނᡏಕᑈεໆልکᎋޑচӢǴ຾Զှ،၀

ୢᚒǶբނ֎ԏεໆልکᎋޑЬाচӢǴࢂբނғߏܭልᎋԡࢉβᝆǴӢԜΠ΋

࿯ஒϟಏβᝆύልکᎋԡࢉޑٰྍǶ

ಃΒ࿯ǵልᎋԡࢉٰྍϷ౜ݩ

ልԡࢉޑٰྍεठё୔ϩࣁπ཰ᆶߚπ཰ٰྍǴπ཰ٰྍࣁկྡྷቷǵል᝜໒ ௦ǵߎឦуπϷЕ׷ǵҡݨᆶྡࣅᐯᐨ܌ញܫрޑᝌੌނǶߚπ཰ٰྍ߾ࢂࡼҔ

֖ልၗ׷ӵޥ਑ǵ੿๵ఠᙝᏊᆶ൷ޥܭβᝆύǶᎋԡࢉޑٰྍکልԡࢉٰྍ࣬՟Ǵ Ьाࣁᎋ᝜໒௦ǵկྡྷቷǵࡼҔԡݝᆶ൷ޥԿβᝆǶ

ᒿ๱୯Γᕉߥཀ᛽ଯᅍϷβᝆԦࢉ௃ݩຫᖿᝄख़Ǵࡹ۬வ 1983 ԃ໒ۈ຾Չ

βᝆख़ߎឦ֖ໆፓࢗǴ٠ܭ 2001 ԃϦ֋΋૓βᝆϷၭӦβᝆልکᎋϐᅱෳᆶᆅ ڋ኱ྗǴၭӦβᝆልکᎋޑᅱෳ኱ྗϩձࣁ 120 ᆶ 260 mg/kgǴᆅڋ኱ྗϩձࣁ 200 ᆶ 600 mg/kgǹ΋૓βᝆልکᎋޑᅱෳ኱ྗϩձࣁ 220 ᆶ 1000 mg/kgǴᆅڋ

኱ྗ߾ϩձࣁ 400 ᆶ 2000 mg/kgǶ

Ᏽᆵ᡼ᕉߥ࿿ 99 ԃ᏾ݯ཮ൔǴၭӦख़ߎឦԡࢉβᝆޑ௓ڋ൑֟аᄆϯᑜۚ

ӭǴӈᆅ൑֟ЬाࣁልԡࢉޑၭӦǹπቷ೽ϩǴӈᆅ൑֟ኧ ࣁ 21 ೀǴβᝆᔠෳ

ϩ݋ᡉҢβᝆύ֖Ԗᐒ܈คᐒԡࢉނǴԖᐒԡࢉނεӭаशǵᕴҡݨᅹణϯӝނǵ 1,2-ΒෛΌ₧฻ࣁЬǴคᐒԡࢉނаልǵᎋᆶႉۚӭǹߚݤక࿼൑֟ӈᆅ൑֟ኧӅ 6 ೀǴय़ᑈऊࣁ 4.49 ϦഘǴคᐒԦࢉނᅿᜪЬाࣁልǵሐǵᙻǵႉǵᎋϷᙿǶӚ ୯Ў᝘Ψ֡Ԗтၩคᐒԡࢉނል܈ᎋޑԦࢉ٣ҹǴݤ୯ᆶကεճޑဟ๻༜βᝆǴ

࡭ុࡼҔ੿๵ఠᙝᏊ 50 - 100 ԃǴβᝆύልޑᐚࡋϩձϟܭ 100 - 1500 mg/kg Besnard et al., 1999

Ϸ 220 mg/kg ( ; Deluisa et al., 1996)ǶZhang et al. (2012) ӣ៝߈Μԃ

ٰύ୯ᙿɡႉ᝜୔Ϸկྡྷ೷ԋޑԡࢉ௃ݩǴว౜ύ୯ޑࠄБԡࢉ௃׎ၨࣁᝄख़Ǵ Нᆶβᝆࣣڙډᙿǵႉǵᎋ܈ልόӕำࡋޑԡࢉǴЪ೭٤ԡࢉβᝆό፾ӝᅿ෌բ ނǶύ୯ՋчБᆶϣഌӦ୔ޑԡࢉ௃׎߾ၨᇸ༾ǴচӢࣁԜӦ୔ࣁᡵ܄βᝆЪߘ ໆϿǴӢԶज़ڋβᝆύख़ߎឦޑ౽୏Ƕ߮ᛥථޑё܎ъ৞ࣁβᝆύልԡࢉനᝄख़ ޑӦ୔Ǵβᝆύޑልޑ֖ໆଯၲ 4500 mg/kg Barcan and Kovnatsky, 1998( )Ƕ

җ΢ॊளޕǴШࣚӚ୯ልᎋԡࢉޑރݩቫрόጁǴᒧ᏷፾ەޑԡࢉβᝆ᏾ݯ מೌڅό৒጗ǴΠ΋࿯ஒϟಏ᏾ݯልᎋԡࢉβᝆϐמೌǶ

ಃ

ಃΟ࿯ǵ᏾ݯልᎋԡࢉβᝆϐБݤ

ᒧ᏷᏾ݯБݤਔǴᔈаԋҁեکਏ݀٫ࣁԵໆǴ٠٩Ᏽ᏾ݯҞޑᒧ᏷፾ەޑ БݤǶ᏾ݯልکᎋԡࢉβᝆޑБݤǴ٩চ౛ёϩࣁғނǵނ౛کϯᏢБݤǴаΠ ஒϩձᇥܴԜΟᅿόӕচ౛ޑ᏾ݯБݤǶ

5

΋ǵғғނ᏾ݯБݤ

ғ ނ ᏾ ݯ Б ݤ х ࡴ ෌ ғ ᛙ ۓ Ȑ phytostabilization ȑ ᆶ ෌ ғ ๧ ڗ ݤ ȐphytoextractionȑǴᓬᗺࣁԋҁե༹ǵ҇౲ௗڙࡋଯǵ፾Ҕܭεय़ᑈβӦᆶё຾Չ ᕉნᆘऍϯǴՠϝԖ٤લᗺӵ᏾ݯਔ໔ߏǵό፾ҔܭభቫӦΠНǵ෌ނғߏܭᝄ ख़ԡࢉβᝆܰڙࢥ্ǵ෌ނ೯தѝૈಕᑈൂ΋ख़ߎឦǶ

෌ғᛙۓݤ٬Ҕૈהڙख़ߎឦϐ෌ނ֎ԏ܈ಕᑈख़ߎឦܭਥ೽ǵਥ೽֎ߕख़ ߎឦ܈ख़ߎឦܭਥ୮ϣ׎ԋ؈ᐘǴफ़եβᝆύख़ߎឦޑғނ౽୏܄(Wong, 2003) Ȑკ 1ȑǶᒧҔԜ෌ނޑҞޑࣁȐ1ȑफ़եβᝆύНޑᅖᅅǴаխНஒࢥ্ނ፦ర ࢱрٰȐ2ȑٛЗβᝆؑᇑϷࢥ্ނ፦ӆ౽୏Կځд୔ୱ(Raskin and Ensley, 2000)Ƕ బуׯؼᏊёගଯ෌ғᛙۓמೌޑਏ݀Ǵ߻ΓࣴزࡰрӕਔబуԖᐒ፦ᆶҡ Ԫёගଯβᝆ pH ॶǴڰۓβᝆύޑख़ߎឦǴ຾Զၲډׯ๓βᝆᕉნᆶճܭ෌೏

ᙟᇂԡࢉβ(Kuo et al., 1985)ǶRizzi et al. (2004) ᅿ෌ Lolium italicum ᆶ Festuca arundinaceaeܭႉکᎋԡࢉβᝆǴว౜ࡼҔ୴ޥࣣёफ़եԜٿᅿ෌ނӦ΢೽ᆶਥ೽

ύႉکᎋޑᐚࡋǶӦ΢೽ύႉޑᐚࡋҗ 218 mg/kg फ़եԿ 32 mg/kgǴᎋ߾җ 4190 mg/kgफ़եԿ 624 mg/kgǹਥ೽ύႉޑᐚࡋҗ

7232

mg/kgफ़եԿ

1196 mg/kgǴᎋ

߾җ

7120 mg/kg

෌ғ๧ڗȐphytoextractionȑࣁӧԡࢉβᅿ෌ૈಕᑈଯᐚࡋख़ߎឦϐ෌ނǴ෌

ނ֎ԏख़ߎឦ٠ಕᑈܭӦ΢೽Ȑკ 2ȑǴӆஒ෌ނவβᝆ౽ନǵกϯ܈௝শǴ٠ϸ ᙟԜ؁ᡯኧԛǴջёஒβᝆύԡࢉނᅌᅌ౽ନǶ೭٤ૈಕᑈଯᐚࡋख़ߎឦϐ෌ނ தᆀࣁຬભಕᑈ෌ނȐhyperaccumulatorȑǴڀಕᑈଯᐚࡋԦࢉނϷёஒख़ߎឦҗਥ

೽۳Ӧ΢೽໺ᒡ฻੝܄ǶBaker et al. (1994) ஒຬભಕᑈ෌ނۓကࣁૈಕᑈᎋᆶᒰ ຬၸ 1 %ǵልǵႉǵႃᆶᙻຬၸ 0.1 % Ϸᙿຬၸ 0.01 % ޑ෌ނȐଳख़ࣁ୷ྗȑǶ फ़եԿ

1993

mg/kgǶAccioly et al. (2004) ຑ՗όӕҡԪࡼҔໆჹ Eucalyptus camaldulensis ғߏܭᙿᎋԡࢉβޑቹៜǴ่݀ᡉҢࡼҔҡԪёගଯβᝆ

pH ॶԿύ܄ǵफ़եβᝆύё๧ڗᙿکᎋޑᐚࡋǵफ़եӦ΢೽ᎋޑᐚࡋᆶߦ຾բނ

ғߏǶ

კ 1ǵ෌ғᛙۓᐒڋޑҢཀკ

Fig. 1. Schematic mechanism of phytostabilization (Padmavathiamma and Li, 2007)

7

კ 2ǵ෌ғ๧ڗᐒڋޑҢཀკ

Fig. 2. Schematic mechanism of phytoextraction (Padmavathiamma and Li, 2007)

෌ғ๧ڗޑਏ౗ёᙖҗబу⽼ӝᏊǴගଯβᝆύख़ߎឦԖਏ܄ၲԋǴҞ߻Ҕ ܭ෌ғ๧ڗޑ⽼ӝᏊхࡴ EDTAǵHEDTAǵEDDSǵEDGAǵEDDHAǵDTPAǵᘗ ᘔለϷᆭ෌ለ฻(Johnson and Singhal, 2010)ǶChen et al. (2006) ᅿ෌ልಕᑈ෌ނ ȐElsholtzia splendensȑϷߚልಕᑈ෌ނȐTrifolium repensȑܭልԡࢉ୔Ǵ่݀ว౜

ค⽼ӝᏊǵᘗᘔለᆶဟ๻ᑗޑೀ౛ǴElsholtzia splendens ύልޑᐚࡋϩձࣁ Trifolium repens ޑ 2.6ǵ1.9 ᆶ 2.9 ७Ƕ

Βǵނނ౛᏾ݯБݤ

ނ౛᏾ݯБݤхࡴᙌβีញݤǵ௨β࠼βݤکβᝆమࢱݤǶ२ӃǴаᙌβี

ញݤٰᇥǴԜБݤࣁషӝ҂ԡࢉޑۭβᆶԡࢉޑ߄βǴ٬βᝆύልکᎋޑᐚࡋี

ញԿёௗڙޑำࡋǴफ़եբނ֎ԏልکᎋޑᐒ཮ǶᙌβีញݤޑᓬᗺࣁזೲǴฅ ԶԜБݤޑલᗺȐ1ȑ٠ό཮फ़եβᝆύልکᎋޑӄໆǴβᝆύϝӸԖεໆልکᎋ Ȑ2ȑβᝆᙌ୏ޑၸำύǴ཮ઇᚯβᝆᄬ೷ϷচԖޑ༾ғނ๵࣬Ȑ3ȑό፾ҔܭӦ ΠНՏଯޑβᝆǶ

Կܭ௨β࠼βݤǴ߾ࢂஒԡࢉβ౽рԡࢉӦ୔Ǵϐࡕӆஒଳృβᙟᇂܭԡࢉ

Ӧ୔΢ǶᗨฅԜБݤёှ،ԡࢉӦ୔ޑԡࢉୢᚒǴՠԜБݤԋҁၨଯǶനࡕǴа βᝆమࢱݤٰᇥǴԜБݤޑচ౛х֖ނ౛ϷϯᏢচ౛Ǵځ؁ᡯࣁӃճҔβᝆಈη ελόӕޑ੝܄Ǵ຾ՉಈηϩᚆȐނ౛চ౛ȑǶϩᚆࡕޑβᝆಈηεठёϩࣁࣳಈ ϷᗹಈǴࣳಈၨόܰ֎ߕልکᎋǴ࣬ϸӦᗹಈၨܰ֎ߕልکᎋǶӢԜǴ᏾ݯልᎋ ԡࢉβޑᜢᗖߡࢂᗹಈǶӃаరࢱనȐӵለ܈ᡵྋనǵ⽼ӝᏊ܈ࣚय़ࢲ܄Ꮚȑమ ࢱ֎ߕၨӭልکᎋϐᗹಈǴϐࡕӆೀ౛֖ልکᎋϐྋрనȐϯᏢচ౛ȑǶԜБݤޑ ᓬᗺࣁ᏾ݯਏ݀٫Ǵՠ܌௦Ҕޑరࢱనёૈჹβᝆ೷ԋΒԛԡࢉǴЪНҖβᝆό

፾ҔԜ᏾ݯБݤǶ ΟǵϯϯᏢ᏾ݯБݤ

9

stabilizationȑǶႝ୏Κݤޑ؁ᡯࣁӧልᎋԡࢉβύশ೛΋ಔႝཱུǴ٠೯аႝࢬǶӧ

ႝ൑ޑբҔΠǴ஥ႝ಻ᚆη཮۳࣬ϸႝཱུ౽୏ȐٯӵልࣁΒሽ໚ᚆηǴځஒ۳഍

ཱུ౽୏ȑǴ٠ಕᑈӧႝཱུ΢Ǵϐࡕӆ౽ନႝཱུ΢ޑᚆηǴߡёၲډ᏾ݯਏ݀ǶԜݤ ёᔈҔܭ౜Ӧೀ౛ǴЪё᏾ݯޑԦࢉނᅿᜪၨቶݱǴՠࢂऩβᝆࣁለ܄܈βᝆό

֡፦ࣣ཮ቹៜ᏾ݯਏ݀Ƕ

ځԛࣁϯᏢڰۓݤǴҭࢂҁࣴز௦Ҕޑ᏾ݯБݤǶ࣬ၨ΢ॊ܌ගޑނ౛᏾ݯ Бݤǵғނ᏾ݯБݤϷႝ୏ΚᏢݤǴԜБݤԋҁեǵਏ݀זǵᕉნ϶๓ǵܰᏹբ Ϸၨόڀઇᚯ܄ǶϯᏢڰۓݤޑচ౛ࣁబуׯؼᏊԿβᝆύǴ٬ख़ߎឦᆶׯؼᏊ

ౢғ֎ߕǵᒱӝᆶ؈ᐘբҔǴफ़եβᝆύख़ߎឦޑԖਏ܄Ϸ౽୏܄Ǵ෧Ͽբނ֎

ԏख़ߎឦޑᐒ཮(Chen et al., 2000)ǶׯؼᏊё୔ϩࣁคᐒׯؼᏊᆶԖᐒׯؼᏊǴค ᐒׯؼᏊхࡴҡԪǵᕗለᡶǵ਼ϯނᆶݦҡ฻ǴԖᐒׯؼᏊ߾ԖԡݝǵԖᐒ፦ޥ

਑Ȑӵ୴ޥȑ܈ځдԖᐒၗ׷฻Ƕ΢ॊ೭٤ׯؼᏊ֡ԖᏢޣගрёҔܭ᏾ݯख़ߎ ឦԡࢉβᝆ(Bhattacharyya et al., 2006; Cao et al., 2009; Chen et al., 2000; Lee et al., 2009; Wang et al., 2009)Ƕ

ׯؼᏊޑᒧҔεӭаૈ୼ගଯβᝆ pH ॶǵڀԖଯ߄य़ႝ಻ϷૈکҞ኱ख़ߎ ឦౢғ֎ߕ฻੝܄ࣁԵໆǶᒧ᏷ૈගଯβᝆ pH ॶׯؼᏊޑচӢࣁǴӭኧ໚ᚆη ख़ߎឦȐӵᙿǵᙻǵልϷᎋȑޑྋှࡋᒿ๱ pH ॶϲଯԶΠफ़Ǵ΋ѿख़ߎឦޑྋ

ှࡋΠफ़Ǵբނߡόܰ֎ԏख़ߎឦǶ౲ӭׯؼᏊύૈԖਏගଯβᝆ pH ॶࣁҡԪǴ ӢࣁҡԪȐCaCO

3

ȑޑ CO

3 2-

཮ک H

⁺

ύکԶ׎ԋ H

2

O ᆶ CO

2

ǴЪ Ca

²⁺

཮࿼

ඤ೷ԋβᝆለ܄ޑ H

⁺

ᆶ Al

³⁺

Alloway, 1995

ǶԿܭᒧ᏷ૈکҞ኱ख़ߎឦౢғ֎ߕՉࣁϐׯؼᏊ চӢࣁǴׯؼᏊ֎ߕख़ߎឦࡕǴख़ߎឦޑ౽୏܄फ़եǴբނ֎ԏख़ߎឦޑᐒ཮ߡ ෧ϿǶڀԖکख़ߎឦౢғ֎ߕՉࣁϐׯؼᏊࣁԖᐒ፦ǴځڀԖଯК߄य़ᑈЪ൤֖

۔ૈ୷ӵ⇌୷ǵ♐୷ᆶ♏୷Ǵ೭٤۔ૈ୷ёᆶβᝆύޑख़ߎឦ֎ߕᆶᒱӝ(

; Lee et al., 2004)ǶԜѦǴ୴ޥڀԖᡵ୷ϯфૈǴΨёቚуβᝆ pH ॶǴफ़ե βᝆύख़ߎឦޑԖਏ܄Ƕ୷ܭ΢ॊচӢǴҁࣴزջᒧҔҡԪᆶឦܭԖᐒ፦ޑ୴ޥ

բࣁҁ၂ᡍϐׯؼᏊǶ

ᗨฅςԖࣴزࡰрࡼҔҡԪᆶ୴ޥёफ़եբނύልکᎋޑᐚࡋǴՠϿԖࣴز

௖૸ࡼҔҡԪ܈୴ޥࢂց཮ቹៜբނᡏύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔǴ຾Զቹៜբނғߏ ރݩǶբނᡏύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔϝ҂ԖۓـǴаΠಃѤ࿯ஒ൩Ҟ߻ςޕޑբނ ᡏᆶβᝆύልᎋ࣬ϕբҔ຾Չ௖૸Ƕ

ಃ

ಃѤ࿯ǵልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔ

΋ǵ෌෌ᡏ

բނᡏύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔёૈࣁ࡮לբҔ܈ڐӕբҔǶ࡮לբҔࣁ྽Ԗ΋

ϡનӸӧਔǴ཮फ़եќ΋ϡનޑ֎ԏǶ࣬ϸޑǴڐӕբҔࣁ྽Ԗ΋ϡનӸӧਔǴ

཮ߦ຾ќ΋ϡનޑ֎ԏǶᜢܭ࡮לբҔޑЎ᝘ǴChaudhry et al. (1973) ࣴزൂ΋܈

షӝబу౷ለልᆶ౷ለᎋޥ਑ܭᡵ܄້፦ᝆβǴځ่݀ᡉҢబуᎋޥ཮෧ϿНዿ Ӧ΢೽ύልޑ֖ໆǴᎋޥࡼҔໆࣁ 64 mg/pot ਔǴНዿӦ΢೽ύልᐚࡋനեЪН ዿғߏڙ׭ڋǶ1976 ԃǴ߻ΓНહనჴᡍޑ่݀ᡉҢቚуᎦనύልޑᐚࡋ཮׭ڋ λഝ֎ԏᎋ(Brar and Sekhon, 1976)Ƕ2001 ԃ Kabata - Pendias ᆶ Pendias ಍᏾߻

ΓЎ᝘Ǵࡰрልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔࣁ࡮לբҔǴЪልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔёૈр౜ӧಒ झǵಒझጢ߄य़Ϸ෌ނਥ೽ߕ߈ǶKim ک McBride ܭ 2009 ԃ٬ҔٿᅿβᝆȐࣳ

፦ᝆβᆶᦍ፦ᗹᝆβȑ຾Չൂ΋܈షӝబуልᎋޑҖ໔၂ᡍǴ٠аന٫ᔕӝኳԄ ႣෳεلౢໆᆶεلύልکᎋޑᐚࡋǴځ่݀ᡉబуል܈ᎋࣣ཮٬εل෧ౢǴё

ૈࣁልᎋуԋޑ෌ނࢥ܄܌ठǶԜѦǴልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔჹ෌ᡏύልޑᐚࡋคቹ ៜǹልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔ߾཮फ़ե෌ᡏύᎋޑᐚࡋǶ

࣬ϸޑǴΨԖᏢޣഌុࡰрልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔࣁڐӕբҔǶWallace et al. (1977) ᅿ෌࿖ғ๼لܭ֖࿝ǵᒰᆶᎋޑᎦనύǴว౜ܭଯᐚࡋޑᎋೀ౛ΠǴ๼لਥύል ޑᐚࡋᒿᎋޑቚуԶቚуǶ1989 ԃǴSarkunan et al. ࣴزషӝబуΟᅿόӕᐚࡋ

11

ᆶᙻȐ25ǵ50 ᆶ 100 mg/kg ȑǴځ่݀ᡉҢεठ΢బуᎋ཮ߦ຾ዼಈᆶዿา֎ԏ ልǹబуልΨ཮ߦ຾ዼಈᆶዿา֎ԏᎋǶLuo ک Rimmer (1995) ޑࣴزᡉҢǴε ഝғߏܭᚐѦబуልکᎋޑβᝆǴబуል཮ߦ຾εഝ֎ԏᎋǴЪԜڐӕբҔᆶβ ᝆύ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ҭԖᏢޣࡰрልکᎋޑڐӕբҔᆶ࡮לբҔӕਔр౜ܭ෌ނᡏύ ( ё๧ڗልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔ֍ӝǶ

Weis et al., 2004)Ǵ྽ᎋӸӧਔ཮ቚуᝳဘΠՏယǵาᆶਥ೽ύልޑᐚࡋǴฅԶӸӧልਔǴ཮

फ़եΠ೽ယТύᎋޑᐚࡋǴᡉҢᎋӸӧ཮ቚуልޑಕᑈǴልӸӧ߾཮फ़եᎋޑಕ ᑈǶልᎋ཮ᆶ֖౷ޑߎឦ౷ೈқȐMetallothioneinsȑϷ෌ނ⽼ӝનȐphytochelatinsȑ (Grill et al., 1985) а –SH ᗖ׎ԋᗖ่ǴΞል࣬ၨܭᎋԖၨଯޑᗖ่தኧǴӢԜ཮

ڗжᎋ (Weast, 1977)Ƕ Βǵββᝆ

βᝆύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔӕኬޑΨԖϩݔ่݀Ǵόၸεठ΢βᝆύልکᎋޑ

࣬ϕբҔёૈࣁڐӕբҔǴҭջልӸӧ཮ߦ຾ᎋޑྋрǴᎋӸӧΨ཮ߦ຾ል৒рǶ Sarkunan et al. (1989) ่݀ว౜బуᎋᐚࡋեܭ 800 mg/kg ΠǴӆబуል཮ቚу DTPA ё๧ڗᎋޑᐚࡋǶՠࢂబуᎋᐚࡋଯܭ 800 mg/kg ਔǴబуል཮ቚу܈फ़ ե DTPAё๧ڗᎋޑᐚࡋǶԿܭβᝆύё๧ڗል೽ϩǴబуᎋёૈ཮ቚу܈फ़ե DTPA ё๧ڗልᐚࡋǶ1995 ԃǴ߻Γࣴزࡰрబуል཮ቚу 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧

ڗᎋᐚࡋǴԶబуᎋ߾ёफ़ե܈ቚу 0.01 M CaCl

2

Luo and Rimmer, 1995

ё๧ڗልᐚࡋ(

)ǶLuo et al. (2001)ؒЎ᝘ ൂ΋Ϸషӝబуል 100 mg/kg ᆶᎋ 150 mg/kg Կβ ᝆǴӆ٬Ҕ ͋ ৔ጕ੃ନβᝆύ༾ғނǶ่݀ᡉҢόᆅࢂցԖ٬Ҕ ͋ ৔ጕǴబ уል཮ߦ຾βᝆྋనύᎋǴబуᎋ཮ߦ຾βᝆྋనύልǶKimکMcBride (2009) Ψ

ࡰрόᆅࢂࣳ፦ᝆβ܈ᦍ፦ᗹᝆβǴబуል཮ε൯ߦ຾ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗᎋᐚ ࡋǴబуᎋ߾٤༾ߦ຾ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ё๧ڗልᐚࡋǴ௢ෳёૈচӢࣁȐ1ȑ࣬ၨ

ܭᎋǴል཮மਗ਼ޑ֎࡭ӧβᝆڰ࣬Ȑ2ȑልᎋೀܭᝡݾޑ௃ݩΠǴᎋ֎ߕӧβᝆޑ

ૈΚၨ১Ȑ3ȑߎឦᐚࡋቚଯਔǴᝡݾߎឦ཮फ़եᎋޑ֎࡭ΚǶ

ᗨฅբނᡏᆶβᝆύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔς೏ቶݱࣴزǴՠልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔ ϝόܴਟǶԜѦǴࣗϿࣴز௖૸НዿϷߙఒқ๼ύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔǴልکᎋޑ

࣬ϕբҔࢂց཮ቹៜНዿϷߙఒқ๼ғߏϷٿᅿբނύልکᎋޑ१ҔӼӄᐚࡋǴ ϝۘࡑ຾΋؁ຑ՗Ƕ

ಃ

ಃϖ࿯ǵНዿ

НዿࢂШࣚ΢ख़ाޑᙂ१բނϐ΋ǴӄౚԖ΋ъΓαаዿԯࣁЬ१ǴЬाՏ ܭ٥ࢪǵኻࢪࠄ೽ǵ዗஥ऍࢪϷߚࢪ೽ϩӦ୔Ƕ2010 ԃНዿޑᕴౢໆ໻ԛܭҒጧ ᆶҏԯǴՏۚಃΟՏǶНዿε೽ϩᅿ෌ܭ٥ࢪӦ୔Ǵаύ୯ϷӑࡋНዿޑౢໆന ଯ(Faostat, 2012)ǶҗܭНዿࣁ٥ࢪΓޑЬा१ҔբނǴӢԜ߈ԃٰᆶዿԯԖᜢޑ βᝆԡࢉǵዿԯ१ҔӼӄ᝼ᚒຫٰຫڙډ୯ሞޑख़ຎǶ

߻ΓࣴزࡰрዼᜪբނჹልᎋޑલЮϷࢥ্࣬྽௵ག(Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 2000)Ƕ྽βᝆύልᐚࡋଯܭ 320 mg/kg ਔǴዿԯ཮෧ౢ 30 %Ƕऩβᝆύ ልᐚࡋଯܭ 600 mg/kg ਔǴዿԯ߾཮෧ౢ 50 %ǶӧԜٿᅿልᐚࡋΠǴᕫԯύልᐚ ࡋࣣեܭ 17 mg/kgȐLiu et al., 1998ȑǶԿܭᎋޑ೽ϩǴ߻Γࣴزࡰрβᝆᎋᐚࡋၲ

500 mg/kg ਔǴዿԯ཮෧ౢ 30 %Ǵᕫԯύᎋᐚࡋϟܭ 50 - 80 mg/kgǶβᝆᎋᐚࡋ

ၲ 800 mg/kg ਔǴዿԯ཮෧ౢ 50 %Ǵᕫԯύᎋᐚࡋեܭ 30 mg/kgǴচӢࣁНዿ ڙᎋࢥ্ӢԶ෧Ͽᎋޑ֎ԏȐLiu et al., 1998ȑǶHseu et al. (2010) ፓࢗᆵ᡼ύ೽ 19

ೀख़ߎឦԡࢉϐНዿҖǴβᝆᆶНዿύልکᎋᐚࡋǴ่݀ᡉҢβᝆύӄໆልޑѳ

֡ᐚࡋϟܭ 122 - 145 mg/kg Ǵᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋࣣեܭ 12.5 mg/kg ǹβᝆύӄໆᎋ ޑѳ֡ᐚࡋϟܭ 295 - 367 mg/kg Ǵᕫԯύᎋޑᐚࡋϟܭ 13.4 - 48.0 mg/kg Ƕᗨฅ ᆵ᡼१ࠔፁғᆅ౛ݤ٠҂Ϧ֋ޑ१ࠔύልᎋ֖ໆϐज़ໆ኱ྗǴฅԶШࣚፁғಔᙃ ςϦ֋Αልکᎋ؂В৒೚ឪڗໆȐacceptable daily intakeȑȐ߄ 1ȑǶ

13

߄ 1ǵόӕᡏख़Πልᎋ؂В৒೚ឪڗໆ

Table 1. Acceptable daily intake of Cu and Zn in different weight

ᡏख़Ȑkgȑ ል¨ ᎋ

30 1.5 - 15 mg 9.0 - 30.0 mg

40 2.0 - 20 mg 12 - 40 mg

50 2.5 - 25 mg 15 - 50 mg

60 3 - 30 mg 18 - 60 mg

70 3.5 - 35 mg 21 - 70 mg

80 4.0 - 40 mg 24 - 80 mg

90 4.5 - 45 mg 27 - 90 mg

100 5 - 50 mg 30 - 100 mg

¨ ል؂В৒೚ໆ : ؂ 1 kg ࣁ 0.05 - 0.5 mg ᎋ؂В৒೚ໆ : ؂ 1 kg ࣁ 0.3 - 1.0 mg (WHO, 2012)

ಃ

ಃϤ࿯ǵൂ΋๧ڗݤ

βᝆύख़ߎឦεठ΢ё୔ϩࣁϖᅿࠠᄊǺȐ1ȑНྋ܄ȐӵβᝆྋనȑȐ2ȑҬ ඤᄊȐ3ȑԖᐒᄊȐ4ȑ਼ϯނᆶᗹβ᝜ނ่ӝᄊȐ5ȑচғ᝜ނ่ӝᄊ(Ure, 1995)Ƕ ೯தಃ΋ϷಃΒᅿࠠᄊࣁ෌ނёճҔޑ೽ϩǴฅԶҞ߻ࠅࢂаβᝆύख़ߎឦӄໆ

ٰຑ՗βᝆԡࢉወӧ௃ݩǴෳۓβᝆύख़ߎឦӄໆ٬ҔЦН੃ϯݤǴЦН཮ஒ෌

ނၨคݤճҔޑࠠᄊӵচғ᝜ނ่ӝᄊǵ਼ϯނᆶᗹβ᝜ނ่ӝᄊϷԖᐒᗖ่ᄊ ྋрǴӢԜ٬ҔЦН੃ϯݤ٠คݤຑ՗෌ᡏ֎ԏख़ߎឦޑ௃ݩǴΨคݤϸࢀрβ ᝆύख़ߎឦӒ্॥ᓀޑଯեǶࣁှ،ԜୢᚒǴᏢޣठΚܭפ൨፾ӝޑБݤຑ՗β ᝆύख़ߎឦޑԖਏ܄Ǵ٠аԜБݤҾ؃Ⴃෳ෌ᡏύख़ߎឦޑᐚࡋǶ

Ҟ߻ёҔٰຑ՗βᝆख़ߎឦԖਏ܄ޑБݤԖൂ΋๧ڗݤǵׇӈ๧ڗݤǵᘉණ ఊࡋᖓጢמೌȐdiffusive gradients in thin filmsȑǶൂ΋๧ڗݤڀԖᙁൂǵܰᏹբϐ ᓬᗺǴӢԜத೏Ҕܭຑ՗ख़ߎឦϐԖਏ܄Ƕൂ΋๧ڗݤ٬Ҕޑ๧ڗᏊхࡴ EDTAǵ DTPAǵCaCl

2

ǵNH

4

Hooda et al. (1997) ٬ҔѤᅿόӕ๧ڗᏊႣෳλഝǵ๪๼ᆶआᡀጱύख़ߎឦޑ ᐚࡋǴว౜ 0.05 M EDTAǵ0.005 M DTPAǵ1 M NH

OAc ᆶեϩηԖᐒለ฻Ƕ

4

NO

3

ᆶ 0.05 M CaCl

2

Gatti et al., 1991

εठ΢

ࣣૈႣෳ෌ᡏύልǵᙿǵᙻǵႉᆶᎋޑᐚࡋǴځύΞа 0.05 M EDTA Ⴃෳਏ݀ന

٫ǶGupta ᆶ Sinha (2006) ޑࣴزΨӕኬࡰр 0.05 M EDTA ёႣෳ޲ഞύᎋǵ៓ǵ ᙻᆶᙿޑᐚࡋǶќѦǴ߻ΓЎ᝘ࡰр DTPA ё๧ڗᎋᆶλഝύᎋޑᐚࡋ࣬ᜢ܄ന

٫Ǵλഝύልޑᐚࡋ߾ᆶё๧ڗልค࣬ᜢ܄( )Ƕ

ᗨฅ߻ΓࣴزᡉҢ 0.05 M EDTA ᆶ 0.005 M DTPA Ⴃෳ෌ᡏύख़ߎឦᐚࡋ ਏ݀ၨ٫ǴฅԶ Soriano-Disla et al. (2010) ࠅࡰр EDTAǵDPTA ᆶ HCl ᆶ෌ᡏ ޑ࣬ᜢ܄ό٫Ǵ0.01 M CaCl

2

ǵ0.1 M NaNO

3

Ϸ 1.0 M NH

4

OAcё፾Ҕܭຑ՗ख़ߎ ឦޑғނԖਏ܄ǶZhang et al. (2010) ӕኬޑΨЍ࡭ԜፕᗺǴբޣ٬Ҕ 6 ᅿόӕ๧

15

ޑᐚࡋࣣևᡉ๱҅࣬ᜢǴځύΞа NH

4

OAc ᆶ CaCl

2

ޑ࣬ᜢ܄ന٫ǶԜѦ McBride et al. (2009) ࣴزᡉҢ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ၨ Mehlich-3ǵDTPAǵMorganǵ modified MorganёྗዴႣෳ෌ᡏ֎ԏልکᎋޑ௃ݩǴЪ 0.01 M CaCl

2

ᆕӝ΢ॊЎ᝘ޑ่݀ǴҁጇࣴزࡷᒧрΟᅿ๧ڗᏊǴϩձࣁ EDTAǵDTPA ᆶ CaCl

ёϸࢀόӕ βᝆ፦ӦჹβᝆύԖਏ܄ልکᎋޑቹៜǶ

2

Ǵаຑ՗βᝆύልکᎋޑԖਏ܄ᐚࡋϷᕕှβᝆύԖਏ܄ልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔǴ

٠аβᝆԖਏ܄ልکᎋޑᐚࡋႣෳ෌ᡏύልکᎋޑᐚࡋǶ

ಃ

ಃΟക ׷਑ᆶБݤ

ಃ΋࿯ǵ၂ᡍβᝆ

ҁ၂ᡍ௦໣ޑβᝆՏܭਲ༜Ȑ278166 mE, 2761344 mNȑǴ௦ڗຯᚆβ߄ > 20

cmޑβᝆǴஒβᝆޑҡ༧Ϸ෌ނූᡏࡷନǴӆஒβᝆషӝ֡ϬǴаࡑ຾Չࡕុࣧ

ਭ၂ᡍǶࣴᑃ॥ଳβᝆǴၸ 2 mm ޑᑔᆛǴෳۓβᝆނ౛ϷϯᏢ୷ҁ܄፦Ƕ

ಃΒ࿯ǵ၂ᡍβᝆ୷ҁ౛ϯ܄፦ϩ݋

΋ǵββᝆНϩ֖ໆǺख़ໆݤȐGardner, 1986ȑ

ગڗଳృޑ֖ᇂગໆ౟ W

1

ǴуΕऊ 1/3 - 1/2 ᅈޑβᝆǴગளख़ໆࣁ W

2

Ǵ ٠ஒગໆ౟ᆶβᝆ࿼ܭ੗ጃа 105 ² 5ʚ ੗ଳȐऊ 24 λਔȑǴڗрࡕ࿼ܭ࣒ዟ ଳᔿᏔύհࠅԿ࠻ྕǴӆગځύख़ໆள W

3

ǴനࡕаΠӈϦԄीᆉջё؃ளβᝆН ϩ֖ໆȐʤ

m

ΒǵpH ॶǺႝཱུෳໆݤȐThomas, 1996ȑ ȑǶ

mɨW

_

 W

_

W

_

 W

_

× 100

ஒβᝆᆶѐᚆηНаНβК 1:1 кϩషӝᠳ܏Ǵᓉ࿼΋λਔࡕȐ໔܈ᠳ܏Β ԛȑǴӆа࣒ዟႝཱུȐpH meterǺPHB-9901ȑෳۓǶ

Οǵββᝆ፦ӦǺ֎ᆅݤȐGee and Bauder, 1986ȑ

ڗ 10 g ޑ॥ଳβᝆ࿼ܭ 500 mL ᐨ݆ύǴуΕϿໆН٬βᝆᔸዎǴӆуΕ 10 mL 30% ᚈ਼НǴу዗Կ 90 ʚǴޔԿྋనฆଳ߻ǴӆуΕᚈ਼НǴϸᙟԜ؁ᡯޔ ԿؒԖ਻ݰࣁЗǴϐࡕ࡭ុу዗аѐନӭᎩޑᚈ਼НǶӆа DCB ݤѐନβᝆύ

ෞᚆ៓ک᎑Ǵௗ๱ஒςѐନԖᐒ፦ǵෞᚆ៓ک᎑ޑβᝆ࿼ܭᠳ܏݆ύǴ٠уНԿ 6 - 7ϩᅈǴӆуΕ 10 mL 5% ޑϤୃᕗለ໊Ǵаႝ୏ᠳ܏ᐒᠳ܏ 10 ϩដǴβᝆష

17

аѐᚆηНࢱΕ 1 L ϐ؈फ़฿ǴۓໆԿ 1 LǶ٩ Stokes’ Law ᆉр၀ྕࡋΠǴȝP

аΠޑβᝆᗭಈ؈फ़Կ 10 cm ܌ሡਔ໔Ǵ٠а 25 mL ֎ໆᆅ֎ڗ 10 cm ೀޑβ ᝆྋనǴ੗ଳ٠ગځᗹಈ֖ໆǴനࡕीᆉрࣳಈǵᦍಈϷℚಈޑख़ໆԭϩКǶ ѤǵββᝆԖᐒᅹ֖ໆǺWalkley-Black ྒྷԄ਼ϯݤ(Nelson and Sommers, 1996)

ગڗ 0.5 g ॥ଳβ࿼ܭ 500 mL ᒷ׎౟ύǴа֎ໆᆅ֎ڗ 10 mL 1 N ޑ K

2

Cr

2

O

7

OC % = 10 mL × 1  

 × 1.0 N ×

_ ^

× 

_. ^

 ×

^ _

уΕځύǴའϬЪِೲуΕᐚ౷ለǴӆའϬ٠ᓉ࿼ 30 ϩដȐќ଺ޜқ၂ ᡍȑǶ30 ϩដࡕǴуΕ 200 mL ѐᚆηНϷ 85 % ޑᕗለǴࡑհࠅࡕǴуΕ 30 ᅀ ΒशሓࡰҢᏊǴ٠а 0.5 N ౷ለ٥៓ሓྋనᅀۓԿಖᗺǶځᚑՅᡂϯࣁསፃՅĺ

ᐜᙔՅĺᗲܴᙔՅĺᆘՅȐᅀۓಖᗺȑǶ

SǺβᝆኬࠔᅀۓᡏᑈȐmLȑ BǺޜқኬࠔᅀۓᡏᑈȐmLȑ WǺβᝆኬࠔख़Ȑgȑ

1/0.77Ǻҁ၂ᡍБݤӣԏ౗ޑᙯඤӢη

ϖǵҡҡԪሡाໆǺSMP Бݤ(Shoemaker et al. 1961)

SMP ጗ፂྋనଛᇙǺગڗ p-nitrophenol 1.8 gǵTriethanolamine 2.5 gǵK

2

CrO

4

3.0 gǵCaCl

2 .

2H

₂

O 53.1gᆶ Ca(CO

2

CH

₃

)

₂ ^.

H

₂

ஒ 10 g βᝆуΕ 10 mL ޑѐᚆηНϷ 20 mL SMP ጗ፂྋనǴᠳ܏֡ϬࡕǴ ᓉ࿼ऊ 20 ϩដǴӆҔ࣒ዟႝཱུȐpH meterǺPHB-9901ȑෳۓ pH ॶǶਥᏵΠ߄،

ۓҡԪࡼҔໆȐஒβᝆޑ pH ॶፓ᏾Կ 6.8ȑǶ

O 2 g ࿼ܭᐨ݆Ǵ٠ྋܭ 950 mLѐ ᚆηНύǴᠳ܏֡ϬǶӆஒྋనፓ᏾Կ pH 7.5ǴനࡕуѐᚆηНۓໆԿ 1000 mLǶ

Soil - buffer pH 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 6.0 Pure CaCO

3

ton/acre 1.4 1.9 2.5 3.1 3.7 4.2 4.8 5.4

ϤǵββᝆӄໆልکᎋǺЦН੃ϯݤȐՉࡹଣᕉߥ࿿Ǵ2003ȑ

ᆒગ 1 g ॥ଳβܭᐨ݆ύǴаϿໆѐᚆηНዎྒྷȐऊ 1 - 2 mLȑǴ጗ᄌуΕ 1 mL ᡶለϷ 9 mL ฮለའਗ֡ϬǴᇂ΢߄࣒ዟу዗Կ 95 ʚǴ٬଑ࢬ 10 - 15 ϩដǶ ࡑځհࠅࡕǴӆуΕ 5 mL ЦНǴ଑ࢬ 30 ϩដǴख़ፄԜ؁ᡯǴޔԿԖᐒނϩှ

ֹӄǴྋనևዂమރǶӧόݦបޑ௃ݩΠǴ࡭ុу዗Կྋన߈ଳރᄊȐऊ 5 mLȑǶ ࡑհࠅԿ࠻ྕǴаѐᚆηНஒྋనࢱΕ 50 mL ۓໆ౟Ǵ٠ۓໆԿ኱ጕǶӆа Whatman No. 42 ᘠરၸᘠǶനࡕ٬Ҕচη֎ԏӀ᛼ሺȐHitachi 180 - 30 ࠠȑෳۓ ख़ߎឦ֖ໆǶ

ಃΟ࿯ǵ၂ᡍ୴ޥ୷ҁ܄፦ϩ݋

΋ǵႝႝᏤࡋȐύ๮βᝆޥ਑Ꮲ཮Ǵ2006ȑ

ગڗ୴ޥ 10 g ܫΕܭᐨ݆ύǴуΕ 50 mL ѐᚆηНǴᠳ܏֡Ϭࡕᓉ࿼ 60 ϩ ដȐᓉ࿼ය໔ᠳ܏ 2 – 3 ԛȑǶӆа Whatman No. 1 ᘠરၸᘠǴᘠన٬ҔႝᏤࡋी

ෳۓǶ

ಃѤ࿯ǵࣧਭೀ౛

ҁ၂ᡍӅ 27 ᅿೀ౛Ǵ؂ೀ౛຾Չ 4 ख़ፄǴᕴࣧኧӅ 108 ࣧǶҁ၂ᡍೀ౛

ӵΠǺ

΋ǵൂൂ΋܈షӝబуልᎋᐚࡋ

ҁ၂ᡍᒧҔΟᅿልᐚࡋǴϩձࣁ 0ǵ75

၂ᡍβᝆ֖ԖϿໆޑልکᎋǴӢԜஒటଛᇙޑҞ኱ᐚࡋԌѐβᝆচԖޑልک ᆶ 150 mg/kgǴΟᅿᎋᐚࡋϩձࣁ 0ǵ 200 ᆶ 400 mg/kgǶൂ΋బу܈షӝబуልᎋԿβᝆǴӢԜӅԖΐᅿόӕᐚࡋޑೀ

౛Ƕ؂΋ᅿᐚࡋޑೀ౛ԖΒঁε༟ጤࣧȐӅ 9 Ø 2 ࣧȑǴЪ؂΋ঁε༟ጤ္ࣧ౰း

ऊ 20 ϦАޑ॥ଳβᝆǶ

19

0 gȐబуልᐚࡋ 0 mg/kgȑǵ3.13 gȐబуልᐚࡋ 75 mg/kgȑᆶ 7.15 gȐబуልᐚ ࡋ 150 mg/kgȑǴෛϯ ᎋȐZnCl

2

ε༟ጤࣧύޑβᝆჯػֹԋࡕǴஒβᝆϩးԿ༝׎қՅ༟ጤࣧύȐޔ৩ 16 Ϧ ϩǴଯऊ 19 ϦϩǴय़ᑈࣁϖίϩϐ΋Ϧ੫ȑǴӆࡼҔׯؼᏊԿ༟ጤࣧύǶ

ȑ0 gȐబуᎋᐚࡋ 0 mg/kgȑǵ7 gȐబуᎋᐚࡋ 200 mg/kgȑᆶ 15.3 gȐబуᎋᐚࡋ 400 mg/kgȑǶஒગख़ϐልکᎋǴྋှܭ 100 mL ޑ ѐᚆηН྽ύǴࡑబуਔӆྋܭ 6 L Н྽ύǴ֡Ϭዃ᠀ܭβᝆ߄य़Ǵаβ᜖షӝ

֡ϬǶҁ၂ᡍβᝆ຾Չࣁය΋ঁДޑჯػǴჯػၸำύǴబуѐᚆηНԿ؂΋ε

༟ጤࣧޑβᝆǴ٬βᝆၲډҖ໔৒НໆǴࡑβᝆଳᔿਔǴϸᙟ΢ॊ୏բǶ

ΒǵࡼࡼҔׯؼᏊȐNAǵCompostǵLimeȑ NAǺ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊ

CompostǺҁࣴزᒧҔҖ኷ 1 ဦ࿥੬ᕨ୴ޥǶ୴ޥࡼҔໆࣁ 60 ton/haǴٮ၂

ࣧਭय़ᑈࣁϖίϩϐ΋Ϧ੫Ǵ௢ᆉளޕ؂΋ࣧਭ୴ޥࡼҔໆࣁ 120 gǶ

LimeǺஒβᝆϐ pH ॶፓ᏾Կ 7Ƕҗ SMP БݤளޕҡԪ௢ᙚໆࣁ 1.96 ton/acreǴ௢ᆉளޕ؂΋ࣧਭᅹለ້ࡼҔໆࣁ 9.69 gǶ

27 ᅿೀ౛ᙁൂҢཀკ

ຏǺልᎋᐚࡋޑൂՏࣁ mg/kg

ಃ

ಃϖ࿯ǵࣧਭ၂ᡍ

ҁࣴزӦᗺՏܭᆵ᡼εᏢΓπ਻ং࠻ǴНዿВ/ڹ࠻ྕࣁ 30/25ʚǴߙఒқ๼

В/ڹ࠻ྕࣁ 25/20ʚǶ

΋ǵННዿ

ҁࣴز܌ᒧ᏷ޑНዿࠔᅿࣁᆵࠄ 11 ဦȐOryza sativa L., Tainan. 11ȑǴᆵࠄ 11 ဦឦܭύఁዕࠔᅿǴࣁҞ߻ᆵ᡼ਭᅿय़ᑈനቶޑНዿࠔᅿǴਭᅿय़ᑈЬाϩѲܭ ࠄ೽ǵ޸ܿϷभਪ฻ӦǶځᓬᗺࣁלॹҷǵޥਏ٫ϷౢໆଯǴલᗺࣁऐൣ܄ৡᆶ ჹ೽ϩੰᙝ্όڀל܄ǶНዿᅿ෌߻ 4 ВǴ܌ԖࣧਭȐ108 ࣧȑࡼҔ୷ޥǴ٠຾

ՉవНǴ٬ࣧਭϐНय़ଯࡋᆢ࡭ 3 ϦϩǶϯޥࡼҔໆୖԵբނࡼޥЋн(ύ๮ޥ਑

ڐ཮Ǵ2005)Ǵҁࣴزޑ୷ޥࡼҔໆࣁ௢ᙚࡼޥҔໆϐ 2 ७ȐN - P

2

O

5

- K

2

O ࡼޥ Ҕໆࣁ 240 - 120 - 120 kg/haȑǴ௢ᆉ؂ࣧਭࡼҔໆϩձࣁ 1.04ǵ0.42 Ϸ 0.20 gȐේǵ ᕗϷႇޥٰྍϩձࣁֿનǵᕗለణ້ϷෛϯႇȑǶӧѴᕞ׎ԋයࡼҔଓޥǴN - K

2

Нዿܭ౽෌߻ 2 - 3 ຼػभǴࡑځߏԿ 2 - 3 ηယࡕǴ౽෌ܭࣧਭϣǶ؂ࣧᅿ

෌ 1 ਲ਼Ǵᅿ෌߃යНዿऩԖғߏό٫௃ݩǴӆ౽෌ཥޑНዿभኧਲ਼Ǵࡑғߏᛙۓ ӆ౧भԿ 1 ਲ਼Ƕᅿ෌ය໔βᝆᆢ࡭వНރᄊǶНዿܭ 2011 ԃ 4 Д 1 Вᅿ෌Ǵ 2011 ԃ 8 Д 24 ВϷ 25 ВԏԋǶ

O

௢ᙚࡼޥҔໆࣁ 20 - 20 kg/haǴ؂ࣧਭࡼҔֿન 0.087 gϷෛϯႇ 0.066 gǶ

Βǵߙߙఒқ๼

НዿԏᛘࡕǴஒβᝆ॥ଳȐऊ 1 ঁДȑǴख़ཥషϬᅿ෌ߙఒқ๼ȐBrassica chinensis L. cv. Ching-GeengȑǴ؂΋ࣧਭᅿ෌ߙఒқ๼ 3 ਲ਼Ƕᅿ෌ය໔Ǵࡑβᝆଳ ᔿਔӆ዆НǶN - P

2

O

₅

- K

₂

O ௢ᙚࡼޥҔໆࣁ 165 - 285 -108 kg/haǴࣧਭϐޥ਑ࡼ

Ҕໆࣁ௢ᙚࡼҔໆϐ 3 ७ǴේǵᕗϷႇޥϩ୷ޥȐ60 %ȑϷଓޥȐ40 %ȑࡼҔǶ

21

߻ 5 ϺࡼҔǴଓޥ߾ࢂܭᅿ෌ 14 ϺࡕࡼҔǶߙఒқ๼ܭ 2011 ԃ 10 Д 1 Вᅿ

෌Ǵ2011 ԃ 10 Д 31 ВԏԋǶ Οǵ෌෌ᡏ߻ೀ౛

Нዿ෌ᡏϩԋΟ೽ҽǴϩձࣁᕫԯǵӦ΢೽Ȑዿาᆶယȑᆶਥ೽Ƕߙఒқ๼

߾ѝ௦ԏӦ΢೽Ȑယ೽ȑǶҔԾٰНஒڗрٰޑዿਥమࢱଳృǴ٠ख़ᙟ၀؁ᡯኧԛǴ

ޔԿዿਥคߕ๱βᝆᗭಈǶమࢱֹޑዿਥǴӆаѐᚆηНؑࢱଳృǴܭ 70 ʚ Π

੗ଳΟϺǴӆ຾Չ෌ᡏϩှǶНዿϷߙఒқ๼ϐځѬ೽Տ෌ᡏΨа 70 ʚ ੗ଳΟ ϺǴ੗ଳࡕޑ෌ᡏӄ೽ܫΕࣴᑃᐒǴࣴᑃ֡ϬǶ

Ѥǵ෌෌ᡏϩှǺHNO

3 -HClO 4

ગڗ 0.5 g ଳᔿ෌ᡏ࿼ܭϩှᆅǴуΕ 2.5 mL ᐚฮለǴᓉ࿼ၸڹǶஒϩှᆅ

࿼Εу዗ኲǴܭ 80ʚ Πϩှ 1 λਔǴڗрհࠅԿ࠻ྕǶӆуΕ 2.5 mL ᐚၸෛ

ለ٠ஒϩှᆅ࿼Εу዗ኲǴа 180 - 200ʚ ϩှ 2 - 3 λਔǴޔԿϩှనዂమǶዂ మϐϩှనᝩុܭ 80ʚ Πу዗ԿၸෛለϐқྟόӆߵрǴڗрϩှᆅհࠅԿ࠻

ྕǴϩှనаѐᚆηНۓໆԿ 25 mLǴӆ٬Ҕ Whatman No. 42 ᘠરၸᘠǴനࡕ аচη֎ԏӀ᛼ሺȐHitachi 180 - 30 ࠠ Ϸ GBC 908 AAȑෳۓǶ

ȐJones and Case, 1990ȑ

ϖǵββᝆғނё๧ڗልᎋᐚࡋෳۓ

(΋) 0.05 M EDTAȐpH 7.0ȑ๧ڗݤ(Mench et al., 1994)

๧ڗᏊଛᇙǺગڗ 106.343 gޑ C

10

H

14

N

2

Na

2

O

8

Ƿ

2

H

2

๧ڗ؁ᡯǺગڗ 5 g βᝆܭ 125 mL Οفᒷ׎౟ύǴуΕ 50 mL 0.05M EDTAǴ

࿼ܭ᎜ᕏᏔа 120 rpm ᎜ᕏ 1 λਔǴӆ٬Ҕ Whatman No.42 ᘠરၸᘠǴനࡕа চη֎ԏӀ᛼ሺȐHitachi 180 - 30 ࠠ Ϸ GBC 908 AAȑෳۓልکᎋޑᐚࡋǶ

OȐEDTAȑྋှܭѐᚆ ηНύǴ٠ҔีᎉለϷี਽Нፓ᏾Կ pHԿ 7.0ǴӆаѐᚆηНۓໆԿ 6.5 LǶ

(Β) 0.005 M DTPAȐȐpH 7.3ȑ๧ڗݤ(Lindsay and Norvell, 1978)

๧ڗᏊଛᇙǺગڗ 52.15 gޑN(CH

2

CH

₂

OH)

₃

ȐTEAȑǵ6.895 g C

14

H

₂₃

N

₃

O

₁₀

๧ڗ؁ᡯǺગڗ 5 g βᝆܭ 125 mL Οفᒷ׎౟ύǴуΕ 25 mL 0.05M DTPAǴ

࿼ܭ᎜ᕏᏔа 120 rpm ᎜ᕏ 1 λਔǴ٬Ҕ Whatman No. 42 ᘠરၸᘠǴӆаচη

֎ԏӀ᛼ሺȐHitachi 180 - 30 ࠠ Ϸ GBC 908 AAȑෳۓልکᎋޑᐚࡋǶ

ȐDTPAȑ Ϸ 5.145 g ෛϯ້ǴྋှܭѐᚆηНύǴ٠Ҕ 6 N ᡶለፓ᏾Կ pHԿ 7.3ǴӆаѐᚆηНۓໆԿ 3.5 LǶ

(Ο) 0.01 M ෛϯ້ȐCaCl

2 .2H 2

๧ڗᏊଛᇙǺગڗ 11.026 g ޑෛϯ້ྋܭѐᚆηНǴ٠ۓໆԿ 7.5 LǶ

Oȑ๧ڗݤȐNovozmsky et al., 1993ȑ

๧ڗ؁ᡯǺગڗ 5 g βᝆܭ 125 mL Οفᒷ׎౟ύǴуΕ 50 mL 0.01 M ෛϯ

້Ǵ࿼ܭ᎜ᕏᏔа 120 rpm ᎜ᕏ 1 λਔǴ٬Ҕ Whatman No. 42 ᘠરၸᘠǴӆа চη֎ԏӀ᛼ሺȐHitachi 180 - 30 ࠠ Ϸ GBC 908 AAȑෳۓልکᎋޑᐚࡋǶ

ಃϤ࿯ǵ಍ीϩ݋

٬Ҕ಍ी೬ᡏ SAS Enterprise Guide 4.3 ຾Չ಍ीϩ݋ǶӃа GLM ำׇ຾Չ ᡂБϩ݋Ǵऩೀ౛ၲ 5 % ᡉ๱НྗਔǴӆа੝ڻϦ҅ᡉ๱ৡ౦ݤȐTukey’s honest significant difference: HSDȑ຾Չೀ౛໔КၨǶ܌Ԗ಍ीБݤޑ p value ۓࣁ 0.05Ǵ

྽ p < 0.05 ਔǴࣁᡉ๱࣬ᜢȐ*ȑǹp < 0.01 ਔǴࣁཱུᡉ๱࣬ᜢȐ**ȑǹp < 0.001 ਔǴ ࣁཱུᡉ๱࣬ᜢȐ***ȑǶ

23

ಃ

ಃѤക ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ

ಃ΋࿯ǵٮ၂βᝆ୷ҁ౛ϯ܄፦

ҁࣴز܌ᒧ᏷ޑβᝆឦܭ༝቞ڵسȐYantunpoȑǴӧऍ୯βᝆϩᜪس಍ឦܭཥ ԋβᆜȐEntisolsȑǴ٥ᜪӜᆀࣁҡ፦ࠠᔸዎ҅தཥԋβȐLithic Udorthentȑ(Soil Survey Staff, 2010)Ƕಈ৩ϩ݋่݀ᡉҢǴԜβᝆޑࣳಈǵᦍಈϷᗹಈ֖ໆϩձэ 16.4 %ǵ49.4 % Ϸ 34.3 %Ȑ߄ 2ȑǴჹྣ፦ӦΟفკளޕǴβᝆ፦Ӧࣁᦍ፦ᗹᝆ βǶβᝆ pH ॶࣁ 6.14Ǵឦܭ༾ለ܄βᝆǴԜ pH ॶΠǴβᝆύᕗǵ້ǵᗔکႇ

ޑԖਏ܄٫Ǵҭၨό཮วғ៓ᆶᒰࢥ্ǶβᝆύԖᐒ፦ޑ֖ໆࣁ 2.76 %Ƕӄໆል کᎋޑᐚࡋϩձࣁ 16.8 mg/kg

Chen and Lee, 1995

Ϸ 32.1 mg/kgǴࣣեܭᆵ᡼βᝆѳ֡ӄໆልȐ21.6

mg/kgȑکᎋȐ190 mg/kgȑ( )Ǵҭᇻեܭᕉߥ࿿܌Ϧ֋ޑ΋૓ၭ

Ӧβᝆልکᎋޑᆅڋ኱ྗǴᡉҢҁ၂ᡍβᝆ҂ڙډልᎋԡࢉǶ

ಃΒ࿯ǵ၂ᡍҔ୴ޥ܄፦

ҁࣴز܌٬Ҕޑ୴ޥࣁҖႀިҽԖज़ϦљғౢϐȨҖ኷ 1 ဦȩ୴ޥǴԜ୴ޥ ޑٰྍ࿥੬ᕨᆶ⏯ᜪ୻෌ቲకхǶ୴ޥޑ pH ॶȐβНКɨ1:5ȑࣁ 8.3Ȑ߄ 3ȑǶ

ႝᏤࡋॶࣁ 5.8 dS/mǶԖᐒᅹ֖ໆࣁ 333 g/kgǶ୴ޥख़ߎឦᐚࡋࣁ 0.07 mg/kgȐᙿȑǵ 33.4 mg/kgȐሐȑǵ42.2 mg/kgȐልȑǵ164 mg/kgȐᎋȑǵ2.20 mg/kgȐႉȑϷ 10.9 mg/kg ȐᙻȑǴ֡եܭ୴ޥύख़ߎឦޑᆅڋ኱ྗȐᙿ 2 mg/kgǵሐ 150 mg/kgǵል 100 mg/kg ǵ ᎋ 500 mg/kg ǵႉ 150 mg/kg کᙻ 25 mg/kg ȑ(Չࡹଣၭہ཮ၭᙂ࿿, 2012)Ƕ

߄ 2ǵ၂ᡍβᝆϐ౛ϯ܄፦

Table 2. Physical and chemical properties of the studied soil

Soil properties

Texture Silty clay loam

Sand, % 16.4

Silt, % 49.4

Clay, % 34.3

pH

water

Organic matter, % 2.76

, soil : water = 1 : 1 6.1

Total Cu, mg/kg Total Zn, mg/kg

17 32

25

߄ 3ǵ၂ᡍҔ୴ޥϐ୷ҁ܄፦

Table 3. Basic properties of compost

Properties Value regulation

pH

water

EC (w/v 1:5), dS/m

, soil : water = 1 : 5 8.3

Organic matter, % 57.4 5.8

Total Cd, mg/kg 0.07 2

Total Cr, mg/kg 33 150

Total Cu, mg/kg 42 100

Total Zn, mg/kg 164 500

Total Pb, mg/kg 2.2 150

Total Ni, mg/kg 11 25

ಃ

ಃΟ࿯ǵόӕೀ౛ΠНዿϐғߏ௃׎

ዼಈଳख़Ȑკ 3ȑޑ่݀ё຾΋؁ளޕǴࡼҔҡԪϷ୴ޥԿ҂బуልکᎋޑ βᝆǴዼಈଳख़җ 23.9 ² 4.2 g/pot ϩձफ़եԿ 22.8 ² 7.9 g/pot Ϸ΢ϲԿ 34.2 ² 8.5 g/potǴՠ٠҂ၲډ಍ी΢ 5 % ᡉ๱НྗǴ߄ҢࡼҔҡԪᆶ୴ޥܭ҂బуልᎋ ϐβᝆǴ٠คݤߦ຾НዿғߏǶ΋૓ԶقǴᆶ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊ࣬КǴࡼҔҡԪܭൂ

΋బу܈షӝబуልکᎋޑβᝆǴዼಈଳख़ࣣคᡉ๱ৡ౦ǴёૈচӢࣁҁჴᡍβ ᝆࣁᦍ፦ᗹᝆβǴልکᎋၨܰ೏ڰۓǶ

ฅԶǴࡼҔ୴ޥԿషӝబуልᎋޑβᝆǴ཮Ꮴठዼಈख़ໆᡉ๱෧ϿǶҁࣴز ᅿ෌ޑНዿࠔᅿࣁᆵࠄ 11 ဦǴಃ΋යբ؂Ϧഘѳ֡ዿዼౢໆࣁ 7497 ϦАȐ݅

୯మǴ2004ȑǴ௢ᆉ؂΋ࣧਭޑѳ֡ౢໆࣁ 15.0 g/potǶჹྣҁࣴزޑ่݀ว౜Ǵ

҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊᆶࡼҔҡԪޑೀ౛Ǵዼಈѳ֡ౢໆࣣຬၸ 15.0 g/potǶѝԖࡼҔ୴ޥ ܭషӝబуልکᎋޑβᝆǴዼಈౢໆ҂ၲᆵࠄ 11 ဦޑѳ֡ዼಈౢໆǶҗԜёޕǴ ܭҁ၂ᡍచҹΠǴࡼҔ୴ޥܭషӝబуልکᎋޑβᝆǴНዿዼಈዴჴ཮෧ౢǶ

27

Cu and Zn concentration in soil (mg/kg)

Cu 0 + Zn 0Cu 75 + Zn 0Cu 150 + Zn 0Cu 0 + Zn 200Cu 0 + Zn 400Cu 75 + Zn 200Cu 75 + Zn 400Cu 150 + Zn 200Cu 150 + Zn 400

Grain dry weight (g/pot)

0 10 20 30 40 50

NA Lime Compost

a a

a a

a a

b ab a

a a

a a

a a

ab

b a

b a

ab

b a

ab a

b a

კ 3ǵόӕೀ౛ΠНዿዼಈଳख़ (g/pot) (NA = ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊ ; Lime = ࡼҔҡԪ ; Compost = ࡼҔ୴ޥ ; 0ǵ75ǵ150 = బуልᐚࡋ ; 0ǵ200ǵ400 = బуᎋ ᐚࡋ)

Fig. 3. Dry weight of rice grain (g/pot ) in different treatment. Values represent mean ² standard deviation (n=4). Different letters within same each spiked Cu and Zn treatment are significantly different after ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD at p = 0.05.

(NA = no amendment ; Lime = lime addition ; Compost = compost addition ; 0, 75, 150 = spiked Cu concentration (mg/kg) ; 0, 200, 400 = spiked Zn concentration(mg/kg))

ಃ

ಃѤ࿯ǵልᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹНዿғߏϐቹៜ

ΒӢηϩ݋ޑ่݀ளޕȐ߄ 4ȑǴ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊޑೀ౛Ǵልǵᎋǵልکᎋޑ࣬

ϕբҔࣣჹዼಈख़ໆคᡉ๱ቹៜȐp > 0.05ȑǶKim ک McBride (2009) ࣴزΨᡉҢǴ ልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔჹεلғߏคᡉ๱ቹៜǴՠል܈ᎋჹεلౢໆԖཱུᡉ๱ቹៜȐp

< 0.001ȑǹLuo ک RimmerȐ1994ȑ߾ᡉҢǴልǵልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔჹεഝғߏࣣ

Ԗᡉ๱ቹៜȐp < 0.05ȑǶࡼҔҡԪࡕǴልǵልکᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹዼಈख़ໆคᡉ๱ቹៜǶ ՠࢂǴబуᎋჹዼಈख़ໆཱུᡉ๱ቹៜȐp < 0.001ȑǶࡼҔ୴ޥࡕǴልǵᎋǵልکᎋ ޑ࣬ϕբҔ཮ᡉ๱ቹៜዼಈख़ໆȐp < 0.05ȑǶ

҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊޑ௃ݩΠǴόᆅࢂൂ΋܈షӝబуልᎋޑβᝆǴዼಈޑѳ֡ख़ ໆϟܭ 23.9 - 32.6 g/potǴ܌Ԗೀ౛໔ࣣ҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦Ȑp > 0.05ȑȐ߄ 5ȑǶԜ่݀

ᡉҢǴ྽ൂ΋܈షӝబуٮ၂ልᎋᐚࡋਔǴНዿғߏࣣᡉ๱ৡ౦ǶฅԶǴLuo ک Rimmer (1995) ޑࣴزࠅᡉҢǴᅿ෌εഝܭൂ΋܈షӝబуልᎋޑβᝆǴεഝӦ΢

೽ౢໆεठ΢ࣣफ़եǶ

ࡼҔҡԪޑ௃ݩΠǴ྽బуᎋᐚࡋϩձࣁ 0 mg/kgǵ200 mg/kg Ϸ 400 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴᒿ๱ልᐚࡋޑቚуǴዼಈख़ໆࣣคᡉ๱ৡ౦Ȑp > 0.05ȑǶబуልᐚࡋϩձ ࣁ 0 mg/kg Ϸ 150 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴᒿ๱ᎋᐚࡋޑቚуǴዼಈख़ໆࣣ҂ၲᡉ๱ৡ౦ Ȑp > 0.05ȑǶฅԶǴబуልᐚࡋ 75 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 200 mg/kg ᆶ 400 mg/kgǴዼಈख़ໆᡉ๱෧ϿǶᆕӝ΢ॊ่݀ǴܭҁჴᡍచҹΠǴεठ΢ҡԪೀ౛ΠǴ

ൂ΋܈షӝబуልᎋό཮ቹៜዼಈख़ໆǶ

ࡼҔ୴ޥࡕǴబуᎋᐚࡋࣁϩձࣁ 0 mg/kgǵ200 mg/kg ᆶ 400 mg/kgޑβᝆ ਔǴᒿ๱ልᐚࡋޑቚуǴዼಈख़ໆεठևሀ෧ᖿ༈ǶӕኬޑǴ྽ልᐚࡋϩձࣁ 0 mg/kgǵ75 mg/kg ᆶ 150 mg/kg ਔǴεठ΢బуᎋΨ཮٬ዼಈख़ໆफ़եǴᡉҢܭ୴ ޥೀ౛ΠǴబуል܈ᎋ཮೷ԋНዿ෧ౢǶ

29

߄ 4ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹዼಈख़ໆ (g/pot

Table 4. A two - way ANOVA analysis for the effect of Cu and Zn on grain dry weight (g/pot

) ޑቹៜ

) in different treatment

Effect NA¨ Lime Compost

Cu NS NS ***

Zn NS *** ***

Cu × Zn NS NS *

NS : not significant.

* significance at the 0.05 probability levels.

** significance at the 0.01 probability levels.

*** significance at the 0.001 probability levels.

§ NA = no amendment ; Lime = lime addition ; Compost = compost addition.

߄ 5ǵόӕೀ౛Πልکᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹዼಈଳख़ (g/pot

Table 5. The effect of Cu - Zn interaction on grain dry weight (g/pot ) ޑቹៜ

)

Treatment¨ NA Lime Compost

Cu 0 Zn 0 23.9 ± 4.2 a# 22.8 ± 7.9 ab 34.2 ± 8.5 ab Zn 200 25.6 ± 1.8 a 19.1 ± 5.8 b 22.7 ± 10.9 cd Zn400 26.7 ± 10.2 a 23.8 ± 6.9 ab 27.3 ± 9.5 bc Cu 75 Zn0 27.1 ± 10.1 a 32.4 ± 1.3 a 38.5 ± 2.1 a

Zn 200 30.5 ± 4.9 a 19.3 ± 6.7 b 12.4 ± 6.0 def Zn 400 27.9 ± 9.4 a 17.7 ± 7.2 b 8.19 ± 6.34 ef Cu 150 Zn 0 31.5 ± 4.5 a 26.5 ± 4.7 ab 26.5 ± 4.7 cde Zn 200 32.6 ± 5.0 a 19.9 ± 9.1 b 6.89 ± 5.31 f Zn 400 24.9 ± 5.0 a 20.8 ± 6.1 b 3.33 ± 3.68 f

§ NA = no amendment ; Lime = lime addition ; Compost = compost addition ; 0, 75, 150

= spiked Cu concentration (mg/kg ) ; 0, 200, 400 = spiked Zn concentration (mg/kg Ĥġ Values represent mean ± standard deviation (n=4). Different letters within same column are significantly different after ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD at p = 0.05.

).

31

షӝబуልکᎋޑβᝆǴዼಈख़ໆࣣനեǴѳ֡ዼಈख़ໆϩձࣁ 6.89 g/potȐబ уልᐚࡋࣁ 150 mg/kgϷᎋᐚࡋ 200 mg/kg ޑೀ౛ȑᆶ 3.33 g/potȐబуልᐚࡋ 150 mg/kgϷᎋᐚࡋ 400 mg/kg

ಃ

ಃϖ࿯ǵόӕೀ౛ჹНዿύልᐚࡋޑቹៜ

ޑೀ౛ȑǴᡉҢࡼҔ୴ޥܭషӝబуଯᐚࡋልکᎋ ޑβᝆǴዼಈख़ໆ཮फ़եǶ೷ԋНዿ෧ౢޑচӢёૈࣁȐ1ȑ࣬ၨܭ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊ ᆶࡼҔҡԪǴࡼҔ୴ޥܭНዿҖβᝆࡕǴβᝆ Eh ॶफ़եǴልکᎋᙯᡂࣁ౷ϯނ

ࠠᄊǴӒ্НዿਥسғߏǶ׵฻Ȑ2005ȑၗ਑ᡉҢǴࡼҔԖᐒ፦ܭНዿҖǴβᝆ

਼ϯᗋচႝՏᡉ๱फ़եǴβᝆύ៓ᆶᒰޑྋှࡋගଯǴόճНዿਥسғߏǶȐ2ȑ

୴ޥύޑឦܭλϩηޑёྋ܄Ԗᐒᅹ཮ቚуልکᎋޑྋрໆǴΞልکᎋڀԖ࣬՟

ޑՉࣁǴልکᎋёа۶ԜڗжǴӵబуᎋ཮ቚуልޑྋрǴబуልΨ཮ቚуᎋޑ ྋр(Luo et al., 2001)Ǵ٬ளβᝆύልکᎋྋрໆ΢ϲǴ׭ڋНዿਥسғߏǴ຾Զ ቹៜНዿޑϩ䓱ኧǵܜᕞኧᆶዼಈౢໆǶ

΋ǵᕫᕫԯ

ᕴᡏԶقǴࡼҔҡԪϷ୴ޥࣣёफ़եᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋȐკ 4ȑǴԜ่݀ᆶ߻Γ

ࣴز࣬՟ (Wang et al., 2009)ǶࡼҔҡԪࡕǴᕫԯύልᐚࡋफ़եޑচӢ߾ࣁβᝆ pH ॶගଯǴβᝆྋనύልᐚࡋफ़ե(Wang et al., 2009)ǶԿܭࡼҔ୴ޥࡕǴᕫԯύልᐚ ࡋफ़եޑচӢёૈࣁልک୴ޥޑ೽ϩ۔ૈ୷׎ԋᗖ่Ϸβᝆ pH ॶගଯǴ٬ளል ᙯᡂԋၨόёྋᄊ(Huang et al., 2011)ǶMohamed et al. (2010) ࡼҔዿาǵᆘޥᆶ፜

㸥ޥܭԡࢉβᝆǴว౜βᝆύልکᙿҗҬඤᄊᙯᡂࣁ؈ᐘᄊǴᆶβᝆ pH ॶǵԖ ᐒ፦ǵEC ॶ ϷԖਏ܄ᕗቚуԖᜢǶ

୴ ޥ ᆶ ҡ Ԫ फ़ ե ᕫ ԯ ύ ል ᐚ ࡋ ޑ ਏ ݀ ό ӕ ߾ ᆶ ል ҁ ي ޑ ੝ ܄ Ԗ ᜢ Ǵ Kabata-Pendias ᆶ Pendias (2000) ࡰрڰۓልޑӢηԖ֎ߕǵӅ؈ᐘǵԖᐒ፦ႄӝ ᆶᒱӝǵғނڰۓբҔǴځύΞаԖᐒ፦ႄӝᆶᒱӝЬৌልӧβᝆύޑՉࣁǶӢ Ԝ࣬ၨܭࡼҔҡԪගϲβᝆ pH ॶԶقǴልၨܰᆶԖᐒ፦׎ԋᗖ่Ǵ܌аࡼҔ୴

Cu 0 + Zn 0Cu 75 + Zn 0 Cu 150 + Zn 0 Cu 0 + Zn 200 Cu 75 + Zn 200 Cu 150 + Zn 200 Cu 0 + Zn 400 Cu 75 + Zn 400 Cu 150 + Zn 400

Cu concentration in brown rice (mg/kg)

0 2 4 6 8 10

12 NA

Lime Compost

b a a

a

a a

a ab

b a

a

b a

a

b a

b

b a

b b a

b

b a

b b

კ 4ǵόӕೀ౛Πᕫԯύልᐚࡋ (mg/kg ) (NA = ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊ ; Lime = ࡼҔҡ Ԫ ; Compost = ࡼҔ୴ޥ ; 0ǵ75ǵ150 = బуልᐚࡋ (mg/kg ) ; 0ǵ200ǵ 400 = బуᎋᐚࡋ (mg/kg

Fig. 4. Cu concentration (mg/kg) of brown rice in different treatments. Values represent mean ² standard deviation (n = 4). Different letters within same each spiked Cu and Zn treatment are significantly different after ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD at p

= 0.05. (NA = no amendment ; Lime = lime addition ; Compost = compost addition ; 0, 75, 150 = spiked Cu concentration (mg/kg

) )

) ; 0, 200, 400 = spiked Zn concentration (mg/kg ) )

33

ޥࡕǴᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋΨफ़եၨӭǶ

ᕫԯύልᐚࡋ΋૓ऊϟܭ ND - 6.20 mg/kg

ឦᅱෳ୷ྗၗ਑ϐࡌҥ, 1999ȑǶRömkens et al. (2009) ޑࣴز่݀ΨᡉҢǴβᝆύ ӄໆልѳ֡ᐚࡋϟܭ 122 - 145 mg/kg

Ȑаଳख़ࣁ୷ྗȑȐၭբނύख़ߎ

ޑβᝆǴᕫԯύልޑ֖ໆΨեܭ 6.00 mg/kg Ƕ ԜѦǴZhao et al. (2011)ࣴزፓࢗύ୯ੈԢ࣪ 92 ೀНҖβᝆǴว౜Нዿዼಈύል ޑᐚࡋϩձϟܭ 0.71 - 5.79 mg/kgǶჹྣҁჴᡍޑ่݀ёޕǴൂ΋బуል܈ᎋᐚࡋ ਔǴᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋεठࣣեܭ 6.20 mg/kgǴឦܭ҅தᐚࡋጄൎϣǶฅԶǴ྽ል ᎋᐚࡋషӝబуȐCu 75 + Zn 400ǵCu 150 + Zn 200ǵCu 150 + Zn 400ȑਔǴ҂ࡼ

ҔׯؼᏊޑβᝆǴᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋࠅ΢ϲԿ 8 mg/kg ѰѓǶᗨฅᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋ ଯܭ 8 mg/kgǴՠԜልᐚࡋᔈϝឦܭ१ࠔӼӄᐚࡋጄൎϣǶӚ୯ϝόЮԖᕫԯύል ᐚࡋຬၸ 8 mg/kg ޑਢٯǴу৾εᕫԯύል֖ໆёଯၲ 16.5 mg/kg (Pip, 1993)Ǵऍ ୯๳ԯል֖ໆࣁ 8.7 mg/kg

ΒǵННዿӦ΢೽

(Nriagu, 1995)Ƕ

εठ΢ǴܭӚձೀ౛ΠȐ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊǵࡼҔҡԪᆶࡼҔ୴ޥȑǴНዿӦ΢೽

ύልޑᐚࡋᒿ๱బуልᐚࡋޑቚуԶᒿϐቚуȐკ 5ȑǶ܌Ԗೀ౛ΠǴНዿӦ΢೽

ύልޑѳ֡ᐚࡋϟܭ 1.16 - 15.8 mg/kgǶ

ࡼҔҡԪᆶ୴ޥёफ़եНዿӦ΢೽ύልޑᐚࡋǴฅԶࡼҔҡԪᆶ҂ࡼҔׯؼ Ꮚޑೀ౛໔εӭ҂ၲډ಍ी΢ᡉ๱ৡ౦Ȑp > 0.05ȑǴࡼҔ୴ޥᆶ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊޑೀ

౛߾Ԗၲډᡉ๱ৡ౦ǹᡉҢࡼҔ୴ޥჹܭफ़եӦ΢೽ύልޑᐚࡋਏ݀ၨ٫ǴԜ่

݀εठᆶᕫԯύልᐚࡋޑ่݀࣬՟ǴځচӢࣁԖᐒ፦ᆶልޑᗖ่ૈΚၨமǶ Οǵዿዿਥ

ൂ΋బуልޑβᝆǴࡼҔҡԪϷ୴ޥ٠ό཮ᡉ๱फ़եዿਥύልޑᐚࡋȐკ 6ȑǶ ฅԶǴࠅԖࣴزᡉҢࡼҔҡԪҡǵ້ᗔᕗޥǵޖለ້ǵ๋໦मǵ፜൷ޥᆶݝࣅǴ ዿਥύልޑᐚࡋफ़ե 24.8 - 75.3 %ǴЪҡԪҡࣁന٫ޑׯؼᏊ(Wang et al., 2009)Ƕ

Spiked Cu and Zn concentration (mg/kg)

Cu 0 + Zn 0 Cu 75 + Zn 0Cu 150 + Zn 0Cu 0 + Zn 200 Cu 75 + Zn 200 Cu 150 + Zn 200Cu 0 + Zn 400 Cu 75 + Zn 400 Cu 150 + Zn 400

Cu concentration in shoot (mg/kg)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

NA Lime Compost

ab a

b a

a

b a

a

b b a

c

a

a a a

ab b

a

b

c

a b b

a ab

b

კ 5ǵόӕೀ౛ΠНዿӦ΢೽ύልᐚࡋ (mg/kg ) (NA = ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊ ; Lime = ࡼ ҔҡԪ ; Compost = ࡼҔ୴ޥ ; 0ǵ75ǵ150 = బуልᐚࡋ (mg/kg ) ; 0ǵ200ǵ 400 = బуᎋᐚࡋ (mg/kg

Fig. 5. Cu concentration (mg/kg) of rice shoot in different treatments. Values represent mean ² standard deviation (n = 4). Different letters within same each spiked Cu and Zn treatment are significantly different after ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD at p

= 0.05. (NA = no amendment ; Lime = lime addition ; Compost = compost addition ; 0, 75, 150 = spiked Cu concentration (mg/kg

) )

) ; 0, 200, 400 = spiked Zn concentration (mg/kg ) )

35

Spiked Cu and Zn concentration (mg/kg)

Cu 0 + Zn 0 Cu 75 + Zn 0Cu 150 + Zn 0Cu 0 + Zn 200 Cu 75 + Zn 200 Cu 150 + Zn 200Cu 0 + Zn 400 Cu 75 + Zn 400 Cu 150 + Zn 400

Cu concentration in root (mg/kg)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

NA Lime Compost

a a a

a a a a

a

a

a b ab

a a

a

a

b b a

a

ab b ab b

a a a

კ 6ǵόӕೀ౛ΠНዿਥ೽ύልᐚࡋ (mg/kg ) (NA = ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊ ; Lime = ࡼҔ ҡԪ ; Compost = ࡼҔ୴ޥ ; 0ǵ75ǵ150 = బуልᐚࡋ (mg/kg ) ; 0ǵ200ǵ 400 = బуᎋᐚࡋ (mg/kg

Fig. 6. Cu concentration (mg/kg) of rice root in different treatments. Values represent mean ² standard deviation (n = 4). Different letters within same each spiked Cu and Zn treatment are significantly different after ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD at p

= 0.05. (NA = no amendment ; Lime = lime addition ; Compost = compost addition ; 0, 75, 150 = spiked Cu concentration (mg/kg) ; 0, 200, 400 = spiked Zn concentration (mg/kg))

) )

ҁࣴز่݀ᆶځ࣬౦Ǵёૈࣁҁ၂ᡍβᝆޑ pH ॶߚமለ܄Ϸҁ၂ᡍβᝆ٠ߚࣁ ᝄख़ልԡࢉβᝆǴ܌аࡼҔׯؼᏊࡕዿਥύልޑᐚࡋफ़ե൯ࡋόεǶόӕ೽Տύ ልޑᐚࡋࣁǺዿਥ > Ӧ΢೽ ɭ ዼಈȐკ 4 - 6ȑǶ߻ΓࣴزΨࡰрНዿӚ೽Տύ ልᐚࡋޑ໩ׇࣁǺዿਥ > ယ > ಳ > ዼಈ (Gu et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2009)Ƕ

ಃ

ಃϤ࿯ǵልᎋ࣬ϕբҔჹНዿύልᐚࡋϐቹៜ

΋ǵᕫᕫԯ

҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊǵࡼҔҡԪᆶࡼҔ୴ޥޑೀ౛Ǵልǵᎋǵልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔࣣ

཮ཱུᡉ๱ቹៜᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋȐ߄ 6ȑǶҁࣴزޑ่݀ᆶ߻Γࣴزόᅰ࣬ӕǴ Sarkunan et al. (1989) ࡰрልǵᎋǵልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔࣣ཮ቹៜዼಈύልޑᐚࡋǹ Kim ک McBride (2009) ޑࣴزᡉҢନΑልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔѦǴልǵᎋࣣ཮ᡉ๱ቹ ៜεلύልޑᐚࡋǶ

(΋) బуልᐚࡋ 0 mg/kg

҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊΠǴ҂బуልޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 200 mg/kg ܈ 400 mg/kg Ǵᕫ ԯύልޑѳ֡ᐚࡋϟܭ 4.40 - 4.84 mg/kgǴ಍ी΢҂ၲډ 5 % ᡉ๱НྗȐკ 7aȑǴ

่݀ᡉҢ྽βᝆ҂ᚐѦబуልᐚࡋǴջচҁβᝆύӄໆልᐚࡋࣁ 16.8 mg/kg

ࡼҔҡԪࡕǴᒿ๱ᎋᐚࡋޑቚуǴᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋև౜Πफ़ᖿ༈Ǵᕫԯύል ޑᐚࡋҗ 4.86 ± 0.68 mg/kgȐCu 0 + Zn 0ȑϩձफ़եԿ 3.46 ± 0.76 mg/kgȐCu 0 + Zn 200ȑᆶ 2.71 ± 0.81 mg/kgȐCu 0 + Zn 400ȑǴՠѝԖబуᎋᐚࡋ 400 mg/kg ޑೀ

౛Ԗၲډᡉ๱ৡ౦ǶҗԜёޕࡼҔҡԪΠǴβᝆ҂ᚐѦబуልᐚࡋਔǴӆబуᎋ 400 mg/kg཮׭ڋᕫԯ֎ԏልǶ

ਔǴ ӆᚐѦబуᎋ٠ό཮ቹៜᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋǶ

ࡼҔ୴ޥޑ่݀ᆶࡼҔҡԪޑ่݀࣬՟Ǵᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋᒿ๱ᎋޑቚуԶफ़

37

߄ 6ǵόӕೀ౛ΠልکᎋΒӢηϩ݋ჹᕫԯύልᐚࡋ(mg/kg)ޑቹៜ

Table 6. A two - way ANOVA analysis for the effect of Cu and Zn on Cu concentration (mg/kg) of brown rice in different treatments

Effect NA¨ Lime Compost

Cu *** *** ***

Zn *** *** ***

Cu × Zn ** *** ***

NS : not significant.

* significance at the 0.05 probability levels.

** significance at the 0.01 probability levels.

*** significance at the 0.001 probability levels.

§ NA = no amendment ; Lime = lime addition ; Compost = compost addition.

კ 7ǵόӕೀ౛Πᒿ๱ᎋᐚࡋޑቚуᕫԯύልᐚࡋ (mg/kg) ޑᡂϯ (a) ልᐚࡋ 0 mg/kg, (b) ልᐚࡋ 75 mg/kg, (c) ልᐚࡋ 150 mg/kg

(b) Cu 75

(c) Cu 150 (a) Cu 0

Treatments

NA Lime Compost

Cu concentration in brown rice (mg/kg)

0 2 4 6 8

10 Cu 75 + Zn 0

Cu 75 + Zn 200 Cu 75 + Zn 400

b a

c a

b b a

c a

Treatments

NA Lime Compost

Cu concentration in brown rice (mg/kg)

0 1 2 3 4 5

6 Cu 0 + Zn 0

Cu 0 + Zn 200 Cu 0 + Zn 400 a

a a

a

ab b

a

b

b

Treatments

NA Lime Compost

Cu concentration in brown rice (mg/kg)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

Cu 150 + Zn 0 Cu 150 + Zn 200 Cu 150 + Zn 400

b b

a

b b b a

a

ab

39

׭ڋᕫԯ֎ԏልǶ

(Β)బబуልᐚࡋ 75 mg/kg

҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊΠǴబуልᐚࡋ 75 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 200 mg/kg ཮ᡉ๱

फ़եᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋǴᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋҗ 6.38 ± 0.72 mg/kg फ़Կ 4.96 ± 0.75 mg/kgȐკ 7bȑǹฅԶǴబуልᐚࡋ 75 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబу 400 mg/kgǴᎋࠅ

཮ߦ຾ᕫԯ֎ԏልǶబуᎋᐚࡋ 200 mg/kgਔǴልᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔࣁ࡮לբҔǴฅԶ బуᎋᐚࡋࣁ 400 mg/kg ਔǴልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔ߾ᙯࣁڐӕբҔǶќ΋ࣴز߾ࡰ

рషӝబуᎋȐ200ǵ400 ᆶ 800 mg/kg ȑǵልȐ50ǵ100 ᆶ 200 mg/kg ȑǵᙻȐ25ǵ

50 ᆶ 100 mg/kg Sarkunan et al.,

1989

ȑޑβᝆǴዼಈύልޑᐚࡋᒿ๱ᎋޑቚуԶቚу(

)ǶόӕޑచҹΠǴዼಈύልکᎋޑ࣬ϕբҔόӕǴёૈࣁڐӕ܈࡮לբҔǶ

ࡼҔҡԪϷ୴ޥࡕǴᕫԯύልᐚࡋޑᖿ༈ᆶ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊޑೀ౛࣬ӕǶబу ልᐚࡋ 75 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 200 mg/kg ཮׭ڋᕫԯύ֎ԏልǶబуልᐚ ࡋ 75 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 400 mg/kg ߾཮ߦ຾ᕫԯ֎ԏᎋǶ

(Ο)బуልᐚࡋ 150 mg/kg

҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊޑ௃ݩΠǴబуልᐚࡋ 150 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 200 mg/kgǴ ᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋҗ 6.23 ± 1.31 mg/kg ΢ϲԿ 8.11 ± 0.46 mg/kgȐკ 7cȑǴՠӧ಍

ी΢ࠅคᡉ๱ৡ౦Ȑp > 0.05ȑǶऩӆబуᎋ 400 mg/kgǴᕫԯύልޑᐚࡋ΢ϲԿ 9.41

± 2.14 mg/kgǴЪӧ಍ी΢ၲډ 5 % ᡉ๱НྗǶҗԜ่݀ளޕǴబуልᐚࡋ 150 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 400 mg/kg ཮ߦ຾ᕫԯ֎ԏልǴҁࣴز่݀ᆶ Sarkunan et al. (1989) ࣬՟Ƕ

ࡼҔҡԪᆶ୴ޥޑ่݀Ψᆶ҂ࡼҔׯؼᏊޑೀ౛΋ኬǴబуልᐚࡋ 150 mg/kg ޑβᝆǴӆబуᎋ 200 mg/kg ٠ό཮ቹៜᕫԯჹልޑ֎ԏȐp > 0.05ȑǴՠࢂబу ᎋᐚࡋ 400 mg/kg ཮ߦ຾ᕫԯ֎ԏልǶᆕӝ΢ॊ่݀ᡉҢǴόᆅԖคࡼҔׯؼᏊǴ బуልᐚࡋ 150 mg/kg ޑβᝆ Ǵӆబуᎋᐚࡋ 400 mg/kgǴᎋ཮ߦ຾ᕫԯ֎ԏልǶ