論柏拉圖對教育的兩個看法

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(29) MillS .tJr.1Ml1t ~ $f BiJ If;:J 1I:t it.. 29. jl-3tWEI : Platonis Scripta Graece Omnia, recensuit et enotavit Immanuel Bekker, Londini, MDCCCXXVI. Platonis Opera, ex recensione R. B. Hirschigii, Graece et Latine, Parisiis Editoribus Firmin-Didot et Sociis, MDCCCXCI. Platonis Opera, recognovit brevique adnotatione critica instruxit Ioannes Burnet, Scriptorum Classicorum Bibliotheca Oxoniensis, reprinted 1984. Platonis Dialogi, Secundum thrasylli Tetralogias Dispositi post C.F. Hermanun, recognovit M. Wohlrab, B.G. Teubner Verlagsgesellschaft Leipzig, 1977. Plato Latinus, Corpus Platonicum Mediiaevi , I-III, ed. R. Klinbansky, Kraus reprint NendelniLiechtenstein, 1979. Platon, Platons Werke in acht Banden Griechisch und Deutsch, bearbeitet von Dietrich Kurz, Darmstadt, 1990. Plato, Plato in Twelve Volumes, Harvard University Press, London, 1985. Platon, Samtliche Dialoge, herausgegeben von O. Apelt, Bde. I-VIII, Felix Meimer Verlag Hamburg, 1988. Plato, The Collected Dialogues of Plato , including the letters, edited by E. Hamilton, and H. Cairns, Bollingen Foundation, 1963. Plato, The Republic of Plato, translated with notes and an. interpretati ve essay by J. Adam, New York, 1968.. Barrow, R. (1976). Plato and education. London, Boston:. Routledge & K. Paul. Diels, H. (1972). Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, Band I -III. herausgegeben von W. Kranz, Weidmann. Dublin / Zurich. Heidegger, M. (1975). Early Greek Thinking, D. F. Krell and F.A. Kappuzi (trans.). Harper & Row. Jaeger, W. (1944). Paideia, Bd. I-III. Berlin: W. de Gruyter..

(30) ·. 30. ~ j'Lilt~~ A*~**~. ...... ~ A ~Jl. Moberly, W. (1945) . Plato's conception of education and its meaning for today. London: Oxford University Press. Nettleship, R. L. (1955). The theory of education in the Republic ofPlato. London: Oxford University Press. Olympiodoros. (1987). In Platonis Phaedonem Commentarius. Hildesheim / ZUrich / New York: Georg Olms Verlag. Ueberweg, Fr. (1926). Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie, erster Teil: Die Philosophie des Altertums, 12 Auflage. Berlin..

(31) t;i;-;fS.#L 1Il1ttt 11 fIJ ~1m:t. *. 31. Plato's two Viewpoints on. Education. Wen-lin Peng Abrstract "Plato's two Viewpoints on Education" as the title of this paper are namely theses: 1. the learning is nothing but recollection (avcq..lVT]Ol)), 2. the education is not other thing than the soul's tum-round (lTEP\OyOyf] TTi) \¥UxTi)) to the world of being. The first viewpoint is asserted in Plato's Phaedo and Meno and the second is affinned in his most impressive masterpiece, the Republic. In Phaedo, Socrates takes the theory of "avcq..lVT]Ol)" as an essential assumption which is used to prove the immortality of soul. In other words, if learning is really the process of recollecting ideas in the soul, then by the way of the recollecting the soul can recover the knowledge of the ideas like the Good itself, the Beauty itself . .. etc., which were already pre-existent in the soul and lost by the unity of the soul and the body. Consequently, the soul must be immortal because of that the soul is by this assumption such a being that owns something immortal and the owner of something immortal can not be if not so, it would exist something absurd and mortal contradictory in this argumentation. In Meno, Socrates was asked a question by Meno: whether or not can the virtue (apETf]) be taught and learned? He.

(32) · 32. ~jLif.t~i1.k*11*!t~. ... -". ~AAA. answered it by a methodological hypothesis: if virtue is knowledge, then it can be taught. Conversely, virtue can not be didactic, if it is not knowable. Consequently, Socrates asserted the theory of "aVclIlVT)OlS". In Republic, Socrates granted Glauco's and Adeimantus' request and founded an ideal city-state (noAIS) in order to find the idea of justice (bIKOIoavVT)). After his analysis of the original condition of human nature, he focused his discussion upon the education of philosopher who would be the governor of this ideal polis. "The education of philosopher" means "the soul's turn-round (nEployoYTl) to the pure science and the dialectic" .. Keywords: recollection, soul's turn-round, Linie-gleichnis, Hohlen-gleichnis, the Good itself, Ideenschau.

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