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A Study for Estimating the Vehicle’s Velocity in Accident 李國榮、鄧作樑

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A Study for Estimating the Vehicle’s Velocity in Accident 李國榮、鄧作樑

E-mail: 9314502@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

The technique of inspection in a car accident is a very important skill in nowadays due to the frequency of accident. Therefore, how to imitate the accident scene by using package of accident reconstruction, in order to provide a reliable information that can depend on to give a fair and objective conclusion in an accident, is the purpose of this study. This study is using the Microsoft Access DB to gather the different situations that obtain the different status of skid marks and yaw marks and crush energy, which are the three important elements to emulate an accident scene. Then, the study creates a C++ program system to analyze the data that is stored in the DB and to get reliable information. Additionally, we have performed the vehicle,s velocity estimation of several actual accidents and have discussed the accuracy of present reconstruction software. This software can be useful to help the judiciary to identify responsibility for traffic accident, accidents reconstruction gives the possibility of reconstructing the original course of events.

Keywords : Vehicle,s Velocity, Accident reconstruction, Skid marks, Friction Coefficient Table of Contents

簽名頁 授權書...iii 中文摘要... v 英文摘 要... vi 誌謝... vii 目

錄... vii 圖目錄... vi 表目

錄...viii 符號說明... x 第一章 緒論 1.1 研究動 機... 1 1.2 文獻回顧... 4 1.2.1 事故重建分析軟體之 研究... 4 1.2.2 車輛肇事行車速度推估之研究... 7 1.3 研究目

的... 9 1.4 論文架構... 10 第二章 基本理論 2.1 煞車 距離之定義... 14 2.1.1 煞車胎痕... 15 2.2 直線煞車胎痕之行車速 度推估法... 16 2.2.1 傳統行車速度推估法... 16 2.2.2 Neptune 行車速度推估

法... 19 2.2.3 交通部運研所行車速度推估法... 20 2.3 車損法之行車速度推

估... 22 2.3.1 EMORI 車損法理論... 23 2.3.2 Campbell 車損法理 論... 24 2.3.3 MCHENRY 車損法理論... 26 2.4 側滑煞車痕之行車速度推估

法... 30 第三章 肇事行車速度推估理論驗證 3.1 直線煞車痕之速度推估驗證... 40 3.1.1 實 車測試量測... 40 3.1.2 行車速度推估... 42 3.2 車損法之速度推估驗 證... 43 3.2.1 有限元素模型... 43 3.2.2 前方碰撞分

析... 45 3.2.3 行車速度推估... 45 3.3 側滑煞車痕之速度推估驗 證... 46 第四章 肇事速度推估分析軟體建立 4.1 資料庫之建立... 69 4.1.1 摩擦係數資料庫建立... 69 4.1.2 車輛剛性係數資料庫之建立... 70 4.2 肇事速度推估分析軟體 之架構... 70 4.3 肇事速度推估分析軟體操作說明... 72 4.4 實例分

析... 73 4.4.1 直線煞車痕之實例分析... 73 4.4.2 碰撞模式之實例分 析... 75 4.4.3 側滑煞車痕之實例分析... 75 第五章 結論與未來展

望... 89 參考文獻... 91 附錄一 交通部運輸 研究所測試數據... 94 附錄二 汽車剛性係數資料庫... 98 附錄三 肇事速 度推估分析軟體程式... 101

REFERENCES

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[8] 郭友中,“應用電腦輔助繪圖與影像處理在完整汽車肇事鑑 定作業程序上之研究”,成功大學交通管理科學研究所碩士 論文,1992

[9] 鄭凱仁,“HVE-2D 汽車碰撞模擬軟體輔助交通事故鑑定之 評估”,台灣科技大學機械工程研究所碩士論文,2002。

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[11] 交通部運輸研究所,“肇事鑑定之煞車距離應用與行車速 度推估方法之研究”,2003。

[12] T. D. Day and R. L. Hargens,“An Overview of the Way -EDCRASH Computes Delta-V”, SAE Paper No. 870045,pp. 183-198, 1987.

[13] B. G. McHenry and R. R. McHenry,“RICSAC-97 -Areevaluation of the Reference Set of Full Scale Crash Tests”, -SAE Paper No.

970961, 1997.

[14] B. G. McHemry ,“SMAC-87”, SAE Paper No. 880227,1988.

[15]交通部運輸研究所,“我國汽車煞車距離與行車速度關係之 -測試與研究”,1995。

[16]交通部運輸研究所,“影響汽車煞車距離相關因素之探討與 -分析”,1996。

[17]交通部運輸研究所,“煞車距離與行車速度影響關之試驗與 -研究”,1997。

[18]交通部運輸研究所,“車輛安全配備-ABS 防鎖死煞車系統 -之效用評估”,1996。

[19] L. B. Frick and J. S. Baker,“Drag Factor and Coefficient of -Friction in Traffic Accident Reconstuction”, Traffic Accident -Investigation Manual Vol2, Northwestern University Traffic -Institute, 1990.

[20] R.W. Rivers,“Traffic Accident Investigators Book Of -Formulae And Tables”, Charles C. Thomas Publisher, 1995.

[21] J. C. Collins,“Accident Reconstruction”, Charles C. Thomas -Publisher , 1979.

[22] J. G. Wallingford,“Tire-Roadway Friction Coefficients on -Concrete and Asphalt Surfaces Applicable for Accident -Reconstruction”, SAE Paper No. 900103 , pp. 57-72, 1990.

[23] J. A. Neptune,“Speed from skides:A Modern Approach”, -SAE Paper No. 950354 , 1995.

[24] Army Aberdeen Test Center,“Methodology Study of the -Consumer Braking Information Initiative Work Performed by -U.S.Army Aberdeen Test Center”, National Highway Traffic -Safety Administrsation, 1998.

[25] R.I. Emori,“Analytical Approach to Automobile Collision”, -SAE Paper No. 680016, 1968.

[26] G. W. Cooper,“Work,Energy,and Speed from Damage in -Traffic Accidents”, Topic 870 of the Traffic Accident -Investigation Manual, Northwestern University Traffic Institute,1990 .

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[28] 賴耿陽 編譯,“汽車行駛性能與測試法”,台灣復文興業,1995。

[29] 陳新彬,“車輛行車事故鑑定資訊與技術需求之調查研 究”,交通大學交通運輸研究所碩士論文,1998。

[30] http//:www.ncac.gwu.edu [31] A. T. Baxter and J. R. Mentzer,“critical speed field testing of -A passening vehicle”, National Association of Traffic -Accident Reconstructionists and Investigators.

參考文獻

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