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嗜酸乳酸菌菌?活性保存之研究 王彩娟、陳鴻章

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嗜酸乳酸菌菌?活性保存之研究 王彩娟、陳鴻章

E-mail: [email protected]

摘 要

Lactobacillus acidophilus 培養液添加5?15%之明膠、阿拉伯膠及卵磷脂製成菌體懸浮液,經-20℃、-40℃及-80℃預冷凍,再 經冷凍乾燥後,其含水量介於3.04﹪? 3.86﹪之間。而所添加之保護劑種類及濃度不同或預冷凍溫度不同,亦使其冷凍乾燥 後之存活率不同。存活率之高低依保護劑種類而言,為明膠>阿拉伯膠>卵磷脂;依濃度而言,為15﹪>10﹪>5﹪;依 冷凍溫度而言,為-80℃>-40℃>-20℃,且所有保護劑處理組之存活率皆較未處理組高。β- galactosidase 比活性可能因冷 凍及凍乾過程會造成菌體細胞膜受到機械性損傷,使得其比活性於冷凍及凍乾後均提高。 當L. acidophilus凍乾菌體於不同 溫度儲存三個月後,儲存安定性依儲存溫度而言,為0℃>25℃>50℃;於0℃及25℃儲存溫度中保護劑之效果以明膠>阿 拉伯膠>卵磷脂,但於50℃則為阿拉伯膠較高於明膠及卵磷脂;預冷凍溫度之保護效應則以-80℃>-40℃>-20℃。無論添 加何種保護劑種類或濃度,於儲存期間β- galactosidase 比活性皆有顯著上升趨勢。而添加卵磷脂之L. acidophilus凍乾菌體 於儲存期間,所獲得之β- galactosidase 比活性較明膠及阿拉伯膠高。

關鍵詞 : 嗜酸乳酸桿菌 ; 乳酸菌 ; 菌種保存 ; 冷凍乾燥 ; 卵磷脂 ; 明膠 ; 阿拉伯膠 ; β-半乳糖& ; #33527 ; & ; #37238 ; 比活性 目錄

封面內頁 簽名頁 授權書 iii 中文摘要 iv 英文摘要 v 誌謝 vii 目錄 viii 圖目錄 xiii 表目錄 xvii 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 研究動機 1 1.3 研究大綱 2 第二章 文獻回顧 4 2.1 益生菌(Probiotics)之定義 4 2.1.1 益生菌之特性 4 2.2 乳酸菌之定義與分 類 5 2.2.1 乳酸菌之應用 8 2.3 嗜酸乳酸桿菌(L. acidophilus) 11 2.4 菌種保存方法 11 2.4.1 定期接種法(繼代培養) 12 2.4.2 以石蠟或礦物油封存菌株及培養基 12 2.4.3 冷凍 14 2.4.4 乾燥保存 14 2.4.5 其他保存方法 18 2.5 影響冷凍乾燥菌體存 活的因素 18 2.5.1 菌種之種類 19 2.5.2 菌體的收集 19 2.5.3 菌體的濃度 20 2.5.4 生長培養基的影響 20 2.5.5 菌體保護劑懸浮 液的影響 21 2.5.6 細胞懸浮液的影響 25 2.5.7 冷凍及解凍的速率及溫度 27 2.6 乾燥菌粉之保存 28 2.6.1 含氧量 28 2.6.2 含水 量 28 2.6.3 儲存溫度 29 2.6.4 保護劑的種類 29 2.6.5 其他 29 2.7 本研究所用之保護劑 30 2.7.1 卵磷脂(Lecithin) 30 2.7.2 明 膠(Gelatin) 31 2.7.3 阿拉伯膠(Gum arabic) 34 第三章 材料與方法 38 3.1 材料 38 3.1.1. 菌株 38 3.2 實驗藥品 38 3.2.1.

培養基 38 3.2.2. 培養基添加劑及添加濃度 38 3.2.3. 菌體保護劑 38 3.2.4. 測定 β-galactosidase 活性所用之試劑及 濃度 40 3.2.5. 配製pH 7.0 之0.01M Sodium Phosphate Buffer 所用之試劑及濃度 40 3.3 儀器 40 3.4 實驗流程 41 3.4.1 培養基製備 41 3.4.2 仿 MRS broth 培養基製備 41 3.4.3 實驗菌株之活化與保存 41 3.4.4 實驗菌株之製備 41 3.4.5 實驗菌株之批式饋料培養 43 3.4.6 菌液的收集 44 3.4.7 菌體懸浮液之製備 44 3.4.8 冷凍及冷凍乾燥 44 3.4.9 凍乾 L. acidophilus 菌體之儲存 45 3.4.10 凍 乾L. acidophilus菌體粉末回溶 45 3.5 分析方法 45 3.5.1 菌體濁度的測定 45 3.5.2 存活菌數之測定 45 3.5.3 β-galactosidase 活 性測定 47 3.5.4 統計分析 47 第四章 結果與討論 48 4.1 冷凍及凍乾後 L. acidophilus 的水含量 48 4.2 預冷凍及凍乾後L.

acidophilus 的存活率及β— galactosidase 比活性之變化 48 4.2.1 預冷凍後L. acidophilus 的存活率 48 4.2.2 凍乾後L.

acidophilus 的存活率 51 4.2.3 β- galactosidase 比活性於 L. acidophilus 冷凍及冷凍乾燥後之變化 54 4.3 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾 燥菌?於儲存期間存活率與β— galactosidase 比活性之變化 58 4.3.1 冷凍溫度對 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌? 儲存安定性與β

— galactosidase比活性之影響 59 4.3.2 保護劑種類對 L. acidophilus菌?儲存安定性與β— galactosidase比活性之影響 68 4.3.3 保護劑濃度對 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?儲存安定性與β- galactosidase 比活性之影響 76 4.3.4 儲存溫度對 L. acidophilus 冷 凍乾燥菌?儲存安定性與β- galactosidase 比活性之影響 83 第五章 結論 92 參考文獻 94 圖目錄 圖2.1 水替換假說示意圖 26 圖2.2 磷脂質之種類與結構 32 圖3.1 實驗流程 42 圖4.1 預冷凍溫度對未添加保護劑之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度 下儲存三個月期間存活率之影響 60 圖4.2 預冷凍溫度對卵磷脂添加不同濃度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲 存三個月期間存活率之影響 61 圖4.3 預冷凍溫度對明膠添加不同濃度之 L. acidophilus 冷 凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個 月期間之存活率之影響 62 圖4.4 預冷凍溫度對阿拉伯膠添加不同濃度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個 月期間存活率之影響 63 圖4.5 預冷凍溫度對未添加不同濃度之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間β

— galactosidase比活性之影響 64 圖4.6 預冷凍溫度對卵磷脂添加不同濃度之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三 個月期間β— galactosidase比活性之影響 65 圖4.7 預冷凍溫度對明膠添加不同濃度之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度 下儲存三個月期間β— galactosidase比活性之影響 66 圖4.8 預冷凍溫度對阿拉伯膠添加不同濃度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥 菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間β— galactosidase比活性之影響 67 圖4.9 濃度5%之各種保護劑對不同溫度預冷凍之 L.

acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間存活率之影響 69 圖4.10 濃度10%之各種保護劑對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間存活率之影響 70 圖4.11 濃度15%之各種保護劑對不同溫度預冷凍

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之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間存活率之影響 71 圖4.12 濃度5%之各種保護劑對不同溫度預冷 凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間之影響β— galactosidase 比活性 73 圖4.13 濃度10%之各種保 護劑對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間之影響β— galactosidase 比活性 74 圖4.14 濃度15%之各種保護劑對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間之影響β—

galactosidase 比活性 75 圖4.15 卵磷脂濃度對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月存活率 之影響 77 圖4.16 明膠濃度對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月存活率之影響 78 圖4.17 阿拉伯膠濃度對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月存活率之影響 79 圖 4.18 卵 磷脂濃度對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間β— galactosidase比活性之影響 80 圖 4.19 明膠濃度對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間β— galactosidase比活性之影 響 81 圖 4.20 阿拉伯膠濃度對不同溫度預冷凍之 L. acidophilus 冷凍乾燥菌?於不同溫度下儲存三個月期間β— galactosidase 比活性之影響 82 圖4.21 儲存溫度對添加卵磷脂及不同預冷溫度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於儲存三個月期間存活率之影 響 84 圖4.22 儲存溫度對添加明膠及不同預冷溫度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於儲存三個月期間存活率之影響 85 圖4.23 儲存溫度對添加阿拉伯膠及不同預冷溫度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於儲存三個月期間存活率之影響 86 圖4.24 儲存溫度 對未添加保護劑及不同預冷溫度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於儲存三個月期間β—galactosidase比活性之影響 87 圖4.25 儲 存溫度對添加卵磷脂及不同預冷溫度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於儲存三個月期間β— galactosidase比活性之影響 88 圖4.26 儲存溫度對添加明膠及不同預冷溫度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於儲存三個月期間β— galactosidase 比活性之影響 89 圖4.27 儲存溫度對添加阿拉伯膠及不同預冷溫度之 L. acidophilus冷凍乾燥菌?於儲存三個月期間β— galactosidase 比活性 之影響 90 表目錄 表2.1 乳酸菌之分類 6 表2.2 乳酸菌所適用之培養基種類 13 表2.3 細菌保存於液體石蠟中的存活率 15 表2.4 冷凍乾燥保存所用之保護劑 22 表2.5 常見膠類之來源 35 表3.1 仿MRS broth培養基之組成分 39 表 4.1 菌體懸浮液冷 凍前之含水量 49 表 4.2 保護劑種類及濃度對 L. acidophilus 於不同溫度下預 冷凍再經冷凍乾燥後含水量影響 50 表 4.3 保護 劑種類及濃度對 L. acidophilus 於不同溫度下預 冷凍後存活率之影響 52 表 4.4 保護劑種類及濃度對 L. acidophilus 於不同溫 度下預 冷凍再經冷凍乾燥後存活率影響 53 表 4.5 添加不同濃度之各式保護劑之 L. acidophilus 懸浮液 經冷凍及冷凍乾燥後 β— galactosidase比活性之變化 55

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