• 沒有找到結果。

Sensation Seeking, Online Shopping and Impulsive Buying Behavior of University Students 劉玫君、黃德祥

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2022

Share "Sensation Seeking, Online Shopping and Impulsive Buying Behavior of University Students 劉玫君、黃德祥"

Copied!
4
0
0

加載中.... (立即查看全文)

全文

(1)

Sensation Seeking, Online Shopping and Impulsive Buying Behavior of University Students 劉玫君、黃德祥

E-mail: 359613@mail.dyu.edu.tw

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the statistical differences among sensation seeking, online shopping and impulsive buying behavior of undergraduate students from different backgrounds. The correlation among sensation seeking, online shopping and impulsive buying behavior were also discussed, and the predictability based on impulsive buying behavior and sensation seeking, online shopping were further analyzed. The study was conducted through the questionnaire-survey method. Subjects were 481 University students from central region of Taiwan. The questionnaires were evaluated by the instruments, used Sensation Seeking Scale, Online Shopping Scale and Impulsive Buying Behavior Scale. The data was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson’s Correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study were as follows: (a) There were significant differences in the different background variables of the undergraduate students concerning sensation seeking, online shopping and impulsive buying behavior. (b) There were significant positive correlations in terms of sensation seeking, online shopping and impulsive buying behavior. (c) Sensation seeking and online shopping could significantly predict impulsive buying behavior. The suggests for students, school, and future researchers were made according to the results in the study.

Keywords : University Students、Sensation Seeking、Online Shopping、Impulsive Buying Behavior Table of Contents

中文摘要...................... i 英文摘要......................

ii 誌謝辭....................... iii 內容目錄.....................

. iv 表目錄....................... vi 圖目錄....................

... viii 第一章 緒論..................... 1 第一節 研究動機.............

...... 1 第二節 研究目的................... 6 第三節 研究問題與假設.......

......... 7 第四節 名詞釋義................... 9 第五節 研究範圍與限制.....

........... 11 第二章 文獻探討................... 12 第一節 刺激尋求之相關理論 與研究........... 12 第二節 網路購物之相關理論與研究........... 23 第三節 衝動性購買行 為之相關理論與研究........ 32 第四節 刺激尋求、網路購物與衝動性購買行為之相關研究. 41 第三章 研究方 法................... 45 第一節 研究架構................... 45 第二節  研究對象................... 47 第三節 研究工具...................

50 第四節 資料處理與分析................ 60 第五節 實施程序...............

.... 61 第四章 結果與討論.................. 62 第一節 不同背景變項之大學生刺激尋求各層 面的差異分析. 62 第二節 不同背景變項之大學生網路購物各層面的差異分析. 68 第三節 不同背景變項之大學生衝動 性購買行為各層面的差異分析..76 第四節 大學生刺激尋求與衝動性購買行為各層面之相關分析....84 第五節  大學生刺激尋求與網路購物各層面之相關分析.......87 第六節 大學生網路購物與衝動性購買行為各層面之相關 分析....90 第七節 大學生刺激尋求、網路購物對衝動性購買行為各層面之相關分析..92 第五章 結論與建議...

............... 97 第一節 結論..................... 97 第二節 建議...

................. 102 參考文獻...................... 105 中文部份..

.................... 105 英文部份...................... 111 附錄A 預試問卷.................. 121 附錄B 正式問卷.................. 126 REFERENCES

一、中文部分 丁國章、曾相榮、潘昭儀(2010)。網路購物行為之消費者知覺風險研究。行銷評論,7(3),381-412。 王志仁(1997)。網路 大調查:族群分析,上班族領軍台灣網路。天下雜誌,198,124-129。2011年11月20日取自 http://www.cw. com.tw/。 王宗琳(2002年11 月16日)。網路商店印象的重要屬性大分析。電子商務時報。2011年11月22日取自 http://www.ectimes.org. tw/Shownews.aspx?id=3652。

王彩雲(2011年6月)。為什麼網購會快速興起?動腦雜誌,422。2011年11月21日取自 http://www.brain.com.tw/NewsealNe- wsContent.aspx?ID=15554。 尼爾森媒體大調查MI+LI (2009年1月8日)。不景氣環境加速台灣網購熱絡。2011年11月18日取自

(2)

http://www.brain.com.tw/news/NewsPublicContent.aspx?ID=11869。 石芳珊(2004)。消費者衝動性購買行為之決定性因素探討 (未出版之 碩士論文)。南華大學,嘉義縣。 朱國明(2008)。從網路的資訊豐富環境與訊息框架觀點探討網路購物行為之研究。管理研究學報,8,

81-105。 何育秀(1999)。影響消費者選擇電子商務購買決策因素之研 (未出版之碩士論文)。私立中國文化大學,台北市。 吳明隆、塗金 堂(2007)。SPSS統計應用實務,第3版。台北:松岡。 吳冠融(2002)。網路商店應用顧客關係管理之探討 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立東華大 學,花蓮縣。 吳靜吉(1990)。女性青少年的刺激尋求動機、社會支持與偏差行為、創造力之關係。教育與心理研究,13,35-60。 宋憶 萍(2005)。線上消費者享樂購物動機之探索性研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立嘉義大學,嘉義市。 巫宜倫(2004)。國中學生衝動性格、刺 激尋求、生氣情緒與攻擊行為之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化縣。 沈欣怡(2006)。不同促銷方式下衝動性購買行 為之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。東吳大學,台北市。 東方快線EOLembrain (2011年10月26日)。2011年9月網購行為大調查。2011年11 月17日取自 http://www.eolembrain.com.tw/La-test_View.aspx?SelectID=253。 東方快線EOLembrain (2011年11月9日)。2011年10月網購行 為大調查。2011年11月17日取自 http://www.eolembrain.com.tw/La-test_Index.aspx。 東方消費者行銷資料庫EICP(2003)。台灣消費者生 活型態白皮書。台北:東方線上股份有限公司。 林東泰(1999)。大眾傳播理論。台北:師大書苑。 林俊役(1998)。WWW使用者網路購物因 素之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,台北市。 林建煌、莊世杰、龔昶元、賴志松(2005)。消費者行為中衝動性購買的前因與 後果之模型探討。商管科技季刊,6(1),47-68。 林娟娟、林禹均、王舒民(2010)。網路消費者的知覺風隩對其購買態度及意願之研究。

電子商務研究,8(1),37-70。 林靈宏、張魁峰(2006)。消費者行為學。台北:五南。 邱皓政(1990)。認知需求、刺激尋求動機、社會焦慮 與個人創造性之關係研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。私立輔仁大學,新北市。 邱毓蘋(2001)。資訊豐富度對網路購物意願之研究 (未出版之碩 士論文)。國立交通大學,新竹市。 洪瑞蓮(2007)。衝動購買助長因素與抑制策略之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立中山大學,高雄市。

凌儀玲、傅豐玲、周逸衡(2000)。影響網路使用者上網購物決定因素之比較。中華管理評論,3(4),111-125。 唐瑋君(2011)。物質主義、

享樂主義、視覺美感中心性、流行意識與消費者創新性之關聯性研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。私立輔仁大學,新北市。 孫天佑(2006)。刺 激尋求特性及知覺風險影響東北角磯釣客釣點選擇之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。世新大學,台北市。 徐吉春(2003)。國中生刺激尋求、

冒險行為及相關因素之研究。 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化縣。 翁筱雲(2011)。大學生網路購物價值觀、網路購物行 為及相關因素之研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。大葉大學,彰化縣。 張秀慧(2001)。國中生刺激尋求、休閒意願、休閒無聊感與偏差行為之 相關研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。 張紹勳(2002)。網際網路行銷之成功模式。中華管理評論,3(2),17-38。

梁德馨(2011)。2011年台灣寬頻網路使用調查報告。財團法人台灣網路資訊中心,未出版。 莊世杰、鄭尹惠、王穗敏(2011)。產品來源國 對衝動性購買之影響。企業管理學報,88,23-38。 許嘉家(2004)。國中生刀槍不入、刺激尋求與偏差行為的相關研究 (未出版之碩士論 文)。國立高雄師範大學,高雄市。 郭貞、張卿卿(2003)。贈獎誘因、品牌差異、個人感官刺激需求對網路廣告效果之影響:一個線準上 實驗。管理評論,22(4),81-100。 陳秀卿(2008)。青少年刺激尋求動機、同儕關係、休閒阻礙與偏差行為相關之研究 (未出版之碩士論 文)。中國文化大學,台北市。 陳協勝、蔡璧卉(2010)。精品特質、衝動性特性、虛榮心對精品購買意願影響之研究。行銷評論,7(4)

,447-470。 陳建文、李有仁、嚴秀茹與鄭江宇(2008)。消費者使用購物網站之行為模式。資訊管理學報,15(3),1-27。 陳柏?(2005)。線 上購物之購買衝動研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,台北市。 陳陽晴、汪曼穎(2011)。心情不好就買東西?心情與情感預測訊息 對衝動購物行為之影響。中華心理學刊,53(2),191-207。 陳瑋玲、陳玫真(2010)。購物網站之內容分析-網站互動性觀點。電子商務研 究,8(1),123-152。 陶家珍、黃珮琪(2009年11月)。網路購物消費行?模式之研究—以上班族?例。「2009管理學術研討會」發表之論文

,國立勤益科技大學。 創市際市場研究顧問(2010)。網友網路購物調查。2011年11月18日取自 http://www.insightxplorer.com/index.html

。 曾英三(2005)。高中生刺激尋求與課業壓力相關之研究—以國立豐原高中為例 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化縣。 曾 麗英(2004)。亞洲上網人口之網路資訊搜尋模式與線上購買行為之性別差異探討 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立交通大學,新竹市。 黃德 祥(2011)。青少年發展與輔導。台北:五南。 黃麗婷(2003)。產品情感與自我認同對衝動性購買之影響 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立東華大學

,花蓮縣。 楊意菁(1998)。新科技、新滿足?網際網路媒體使用與滿足研究。「1998 中華傳播學會」發表之論文。 楊蕢芬(1987)。刺激 尋求動機與創造力、偏差行為之關係研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立政治大學,台北市。 楊蕢芬、吳靜吉(1988)。刺激尋求動機與創造 力、偏差行為之關係。政大學報,58,189-216。 萬事達卡國際組織(2011, January 5)。2011網路購物行為調查。2011年11月18日取自 http://www.nownews.com/2011/01/05/11490-2679411.htm。 資策會產業情報研究所(2010)。我國家庭寬頻現況與需求調查。2011年10 月30日取自 http://www.find.org.tw/find/home. aspx?page=many&id=279。 資策會產業情報研究所(2010年10月18日)。2010台灣線上購物 市場規模3,583億元。2011年11月17日取自 http://edn.gmg.tw/ne- ws/view.jsp?aid=327213&cid=47。 資策會產業情報研究所(2009年7月14 日)。2009年台灣網友線上購物行為分析直購成為網購趨勢網拍耐心逐漸流失。2011年11月17日取自

http://www.mic.iii.org.tw/intelligence/pressroom/pop_pressfull.asp?sno=174&type1=2。 達摩媒體BloggerAds (2010)。2010青少年部落格使 用行為調查。2011年11月21日取 http://www.brain.com.tw/News/NewsPu- blicContent.aspx?ID=13830。 劉仲矩(2011)。馬斯洛需求理論在 網路書局使用者之驗證。行銷評論,8(3),405-422。 劉仲矩、陳昱如(2006)。影響網路購物忠誠因素性別差異之比較研究。電子商務研 究,4(4),429-450。 劉佳蒨(2010)。網路消費者經驗組合廣告效果之研究:以認知需求、刺激尋求為干擾變數 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立 台北科技大學,台北市。 潘秉松(2001)。飆車少年與一般少年之社會連結及刺激尋求相關因素之比較研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。靜宜大 學,台中市。 蔡佳容(1991)。國中生刺激尋求動機與休閒取向之相關研究 (未出版之碩士論文)。國立彰化師範大學,彰化縣。 蔡美 瑛(1993)。電視廣告、人際互動與青少年的衝動性購買,廣告學研究,2,157-185。 蕭君華、張威龍、彭玲珍(2009)。大學生衝動性購買 行為前因後果的探索性研究。華人前瞻研究,5(2),41-60。 戴偉峻、施雅馨(2010)。探討性別差異使用網路購物之研究-以使用與滿足理 論為基礎。「第五屆數位教學暨資訊實務研討會」發表之論文,399-416。 薛凱?(2010)。網路購物之發展回顧與評析。運動健康與休閒 學刊,15,189-206。 韓佩珊(2006)。促銷及背景音樂對網路衝動性購買意圖之影響。(未出版之碩士論文)。東吳大學,台北市。 龔昶元

、黃偉哲(2008)。網路廣告促銷方式、衝動性特質對網路衝動性購買行為之影響。行銷評論,5(2),249-274。 二、英文部分 Acton, G. S.

(3)

(2003). Measurement of impulsivity in a hierarchical model of personality traits: Implications for substance use. Substance Use and Misuse, 38, 67-83. Agee, T., & Martin, B. A. S. (2001). Planned or impulse purchases?How to create effective infomercials. Journal of Advertising Research, 41(6), 35-42. Arnold, J. M., & Reynolds, E. K. (2003). Hedonic shopping motivations. Journal of Retailing, 79, 77-95. Babin, B. J., Darden, W. R.,

& Griffin, M. (1994). Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian value. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 644-656. Barratt, E., Orozco-Cabal, L. F., & Moeller, F. G. (2004). Impulsivity and sensation seeking: A historical perspective on current challenges. On the Psychobiology of Personality, 3-15. Batra, R., & Ahtola, O. T. (1991). Measuring the hedonic and utilitarian sources of customer attitudes.

Marketing Letters, 12(2), 159-170. Baumeister, R. F., & Heatherton, T. F. (1996). Self-regulation failure: An overview. Psychological Inquiry, 7(1), 1-15. Baumeister, R. F., & Vohs, K. D. (2004). Handbook of self-regulation: Research, theory, and applications. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Beatty, S. E., & Ferrell, M. E. (1998). Impulse buying: Modeling its precursors. Journal of Retailing, 74(2), 169-191. Bechara, A., Dolan, S., &

Hindes, A. (2002). Decision-making and addiction (part II): Myopia for the future or hypersensitivity to reward? Neuropsychologia, 40, 1690-705.

Bellenger, D. N., & Korgaonker, P. K. (1980). Profiling the recreational shopper. Journal of Retailing, 56, 77-92. Blackwell, R., Miniard, P., &

Engel, F. (2000). Consumer behavior. South-Western College Publishing. Cao, M., Zhang, Q., & Seydel, J. (2005). B2ce-commerce website quality:

An empirical examination. Industrial Management & Data System, 105(50), 645-661. Darian, J. C. (1987). In-home shopping: Are there consumer segments? Journal of Retailing, 63, 163-186. DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2003). The delone and mclean model of information systems success: A yen-year update. Journal of Management Information Systems, 19(4), 9-30. DeLone, W. H., & McLean, E. R. (2004). Measuring e-commerce success: Applying the delone & mclean information systems success model. International Journal of Electronic Commerce , 9(1), 31-47.

Dholakia, U. M. (2000). Temptation and resistance: An integrated model of consumption impulse formation and enactment. Psychology &

Marketing, 17(11), 955-982. Donthu, N., & Garcia A. (1999). The internet shopper. Journal of Advertising Research, 39(3), 52-58. Elliott, R.

(1994). Addictive consumption: Function and fragmentati on in postmodernity. Journal of Consumer Policy,17, 159-79. Engel, J. E., Kollat, D. T.,

& Blackwell, R. D. (1993). Consumer behavior. Fort Worth, Chicago: Dryden Press. Evenden, J. L. (1999). Varieties of

impulsivity.Psychopharmacology, 146, 348-361. Falk, P. (1997). The scopic regimes of shopping. In: P. Falk, & C. Campbell. (Eds.). The shopping experience (177-185). London: Saga Publications. Geetha, M., Sivakumaran, B., & Sharma, P. (2009). Role of store image in consumer impulse buying behavior. Advances in Consumer Research, 8, 194. Greenberg, B. (2010). Reinventing retail, Media week, 16. Gullette, D. L., & Lyons, M.

A. (2006). Sensation seeking, self-esteem, and unprotected sex in college students. Journal of the association of nurses in aids care, 17(5), 23-31.

Hamidovic, A., Dlugos, A., Skol, A., Palmer, A. A., & Wit, H. D. (2009). Evaluation of genetic variability in the dopamine receptor D2 in relation to behavioral inhibition and impulsivity/sensation seeking: An exploratory study with d-amphetamine in healthy participants. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 17(6), 374-383. Hansen, E. B., & Breivik, G. (2001). Sensation seeking as a predictor of positive and negative risk behaviour among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 627-640. Hausman, A. (2000). A multi-method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(5), 403-419. Herabadi, A. G., Verplanken, B., & Knippenberg, A. V.

(2009). Consumption experience of impulse buying in Indonesia: Emotional arousal and hedonistic considerations. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 12(1), 20-31. Hirschman, E. C., & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: emerging oncepts, methods and propositions.

Journal of Marketing, 46, 92-101. Hoffman, D. L., & Novak, T. P. (1996). Marketing in hypermedia computer-mediated environments: Conceptual foundations. J Mark, 60, 50-68. Hull, J. G., & Slone, L. B. (2004). Alcohol and self-regulation. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.). Handbook of selfregulation. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Iyer, E. S. (1989). Unplanned purchasing: Knowledge of shopping environment and time pressure.

Journal of Retailing, 65(1), 40-57. Jackson, C. (2005). The neuro psychological model of learning and its application to business education, training and clinical psychology. Australia: Cymeon. Jeon, J. O. (1990). An empirical investigation of the relationship between affective states, in the store browsing, and impulse buying (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). State Unitiversity of Alabama, Tuscaloosa. Jin, B., & Kim, J. O. (2003). A typology of Korean discount shoppers: Shopping motives, store attributes, and outcomes. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 14(4), 396-419. Joinson, C., & Nettle, D. (2005). Season of birth variation in sensation seeking in an adult population. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 859-870. Jones, B. C., DeBruine, L. M., Little, A. C., Conway, C. A., Welling, L. L. M., & Smith, F. (2007). Sensation seeking and men's face preferences. Evolution and Human Behavior, 28, 439-446. Kacen, J. J., & Lee, J. A. (2002). The influence of culture on consumer impulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 12(2), 163-176. Kalakota, R., & Whinston, A. B. (1997). Readings in electronic commerce (3-87). Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley Longman Inc. Kathleen, D. V., & Ronald, J. F. (2007). Spent resources: Self-regulatory resource availability affects impulse buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 33, 537-547. Kim, E. Y., & Knight, D. K. (2007). A path analytic exploration of consumer information search in online clothing purchases. J Korean Soc Clothing Textiles, 31(12), 1721-1732. Kumar, V., & Leone, R. P. (1988).

Measuring the effect of retail store promotions on brand and store substitution. Journal of Marketing Research, 25, 178-185. LaFreniere, L. A.

(1999). Shopping online, Link-Up, 16(5, 6), 20-21. Larose, R., & Eastin, M. S. (2002). Is online buying out of control? Electronic commerce and consumer self-regulation. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 46(4), 549-564. Lee, E., Moschis, G. P., & Mathur, A. (2001). A study of life events and changes in patronage preferences. Journal of Business Research, 54, 25-38. Lewis, P. C. (1997). Building a shared vision : A leader

’s guide for a ligning the organization. Portland : Productivity Press. Liao, S. L., Shen, Y. C., & Chu, C. H. (2009). The effects of sales promotion strategy, product appeal and consumer traits on reminder impulse buying behaviour. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(3), 274-284.

Lin, C. H., & Lin, H. M. (2005). An exploration of Taiwanese adolescents' impulsive buying tendency. Adolescenc, 40(157), 215-223. Lin, S. S. J.,

& Tasi, C. C. (2002). Sensation seeking and internet dependence of Taiwanese high school adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 18,

(4)

411-426. Madhavaram, S. R., & Laverie, D. A. (2004). Exploring impulse purchasing on the internet. Advances in Consumer Research, 31(1), 59-66. Martin, C. A., Thomas, H. K., Rayens, M. K., Brogli, B. R., Brenzel, A., Smith, W. J., & Omar, H. A. (2002). Sensation seeking, puberty and nicotine, alcohol and marijuana use in adolescence. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(12), 1495-1502.

Maslowsky, J., Buvinger, E., Keating, D. P., Steinberg, L., & Cauffman, E. (2011). Cost-benefit analysis mediation of the relationship between sensation seeking and risk behavior among adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 802-806. Mathwick, C., Malhotra, N., &

Rigdon, E. (2001). Experiential value: Conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and internet shopping environment. Journal of Retailing, 77(1), 39-56. McDaniel, S. R. (2000).An examination of demographic,lifestyle and personality influences on consumer preferences for participating in promotional games. Advances in Consumer Research, 28, 19. Miller, E. K., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An intergrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 24, 167-202. Moeller, F. G., Barratt, E. S., Dougherety, D. M., Schmitz, J. M., &

Swann, A. C. (2001). Psychiatric aspects of impulsivity. American Journal of Psychiatry, 158, 1783-1793. Mokhtarian, P. L. (2004). A conceptual analysis of the transportation impacts of B2C e-Commerce. Transportation, 31(3), 257-284. Mowen, J. C. (1990). Consumer behavior (2nd ed.).

New York: Macmillan, 332-333. Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9, 242-249.

Otnes, C., & McGrath, M. A. (2001). Perceptions and realities of male shopping behavior. Journal of Retailing, 77(1), 111-137. Overby, J. W., &

Lee, E. J. (2006). The effects of utilitarian and hedonic online shopping value on consumer preference and intentions. Journal of Business Research, 59, 1160-1166. Park, E. J., Kim, E. Y., Funches, V. M., & Foxx, W. (2011). Apparel product attributes, web browsing, and e-impulse buying on shopping websites, Journal of Business Research, doi:10.1016/ j.jbusres. 2011. 02.043. Piron, F. (1991). Defining imp ulse purchasing. Advances in Consumer Research, 18, 509-514. Puustinen, M., Kokkonen, M., Tolvanen, A., & Pulkkinen, L. (2004). Children’s help seeking and impulsivity.

Learning and Individual Differences, 14, 231-246. Roberti, J. W. (2004). A review of behavioral and biological correlates of sensation seeking.

Journal of Research in Personality, 38, 256-279. Rook, D. W. (1987). The buying impulse. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 189-199. Rook, D.

W., & Fisher, R. J. (1995). Normative influences on impulsive buying behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 305-313. Rook, D. W., &

Gardner, M. P. (1993). In the mood: Impulse buying's affective antecedents. Research in Consumer Behavior, 6, 1-28. Santesso, D. L., Segalowitz, S. J., Ashbaugh, A. R., Antony, M. M.,McCabe, R. E., & Schmidt, L. A.(2008). Frontal EEG asymmetry and sensation seeking in young adults.

Biological Psychology, 78, 164-172. Schalling, D. (1978). Psychopathy-related personality variables and the psychophysiology of socialization. In R.

D. Hare & D. Schalling (Eds.). Psychopathic behaviour: Approaches to research (85-105). New York, NY: Wiley. Sharma, P., Sivakumaran, B., &

Marshall, R. (2010). Impulse buying and variety seeking : A traitcorrelates perspective. Journal of Business Research, 63(3), 276-283. Sparta, C.

(2000). Incentive banner ads entice E-shoppers with Primo Offers, Media Week, 10(15), 108. Steinberg, L. (2007). Risk taking in adolescence: New perspectives from brain and behavioral science. Current Directions in Psychological Science,16, 55-59. Steinberg, L. (2008). A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-taking. Developmental Review, 28, 78-106. Steinberg, L., Albert, D., Cauffman,E., Banich, M., Graham, S., &

Woolard, J. (2008). Age differences in sensation seeking and impulsivity as indexed by behavior and self-report: Evidence for a dual systems model.

Developmental Psychology, 44(6), 1764-1778. Stern, H. (1962). The significance of impulse buying today. Journal of Marketing, 26(2), 59-62. To, P. L., Liao, C., & Lin, T. H. (2007). Shopping motivations on internet: A study based on utilitarian and hedonic value. Technovation, 27(12), 774-787. Verplanken, B., Herabadi, A. G., Perry, J. A., & Silvera, D. H. (2005). Consumer style and health: The role of impulsive buying in unhealthy eating. Psychology and Health, 20(4), 429-441. Weinberg, P., & Gottwald, W. (1982). Impulsive consumer buying as a result of emotions.

Journal of Business Research, 10(1), 43-57. Weiser, J., & Reynolds, B. (2011). Impulsivity and adolescence. En-cyclopedia of Adolescence, 1, 187-192. Westbrook, R., & Black, W. C. (1985). A motivation-based shopper typology. Journal of Retailing, 61(1), 78-103. Wood, S. L. (2001).

Remote purchase environments the influence of return policy leniency on two-stage decision processes. Journal of Marketing Research, 38(2), 157-169. Zhang, X., Prybutok, V. R., & Strutton, D. (2007). Modeling influences on impulse purchasing behaviors during online marketing transactions. Journal of Marketing Theory & Practice, 15(1), 79-89. Zuckerman, M. (1979). Sensation seeking: Beyond the optimal level of arousal.

Hillsdale, NJ: LEA. Zuckerman, M. (1990). The psychophysiology of sensation seeking. Journal of Personality, 58(1), 313-345. Zuckerman, M.

(1994). Behavioral expressions and biosocial bases of sensation seeking. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Zuckerman, M. (2006).

Sensation seeking in entertainment. In J. Bryan & P. Vorderer (Eds.), Psychology of entertainment (367-387). New York: Routledge. Zuckerman, M., & Kuhlman, M. D. (2000). Personality and risk-taking : common biosocial factors. Journal of Personality, 68, 999-1029. Zuckerman, M., Eysenck, S. B. G., & Eysenck, H. J. (1978). Sensation seeking in England and America : Cross-cultural, age, and sex comparisons. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 46, 139-149.

參考文獻

相關文件

• Formation of massive primordial stars as origin of objects in the early universe. • Supernova explosions might be visible to the most

2-1 註冊為會員後您便有了個別的”my iF”帳戶。完成註冊後請點選左方 Register entry (直接登入 my iF 則直接進入下方畫面),即可選擇目前開放可供參賽的獎項,找到iF STUDENT

Basing on the observation and assessment results, this study analyzes and discusses the effects and problems of learning the polynomial derivatives on different level students

information on preventive measures, youth online culture, relevant community and online resources for e-learning. –Most of Students were asking the tips of healthy use of

• Children from this parenting style are more responsive, able to recover quickly from stress; they also have better emotional responsiveness and self- control; they can notice

(Another example of close harmony is the four-bar unaccompanied vocal introduction to “Paperback Writer”, a somewhat later Beatles song.) Overall, Lennon’s and McCartney’s

Microphone and 600 ohm line conduits shall be mechanically and electrically connected to receptacle boxes and electrically grounded to the audio system ground point.. Lines in

Seeking to depart from Zheng Xuan and Zhu Xi’s different takes on the theory: “The paintwork is executed on top of the white background”, this paper attempts to reexamine