臺灣西南海域現代沈積物之傳輸途徑與機制

1

୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢ౛Ꮲଣੇࢩࣴز܌

ᅺγፕЎ

Graduate Institute of Oceanography College of Science

National Taiwan University Master Thesis

ᆵ᡼Ջࠄੇୱ౜ж؇ᑈނϐ໺ᒡ೼৩ᆶᐒڋ Modern Sediment Dispersal Paths and Mechanisms off

Southwestern Taiwan

৪ဃ൛ Sheng-Ting Hsu

ࡰᏤ௲௤Ǻ᝵ד݇ റγ Advisor: Chih- Chieh Su, Ph.D.

ύ๮҇୯ 104 ԃ 7 Д

July 2015

i

α၂ہ঩཮ቩۓਜ

ii

ठᖴ

ٿԃޑਔ໔ᇥߏόߏǴᇥอόอǶՠ೭ٿԃࢂךΓғന෇ޑਔڅϐ΋Ƕֹԋ ፕЎǴ૱Јགᖴ᝵ד݇ԴৣٿԃϣคਔคڅǴᆶךॺϩ٦ӧᏢೌаϷғࢲ΢΋ၡ وٰޑЈளǴᖴᖴԴৣಒЈޑࡰᏤǶགᖴ 305 аϷ 014 ޑ܌ԖუՔॺǴӧٿԃϣ ԖգॺޑഉՔаϷ؂ԛӧᜢᗖਔڅ೿ૈϷਔڐշךǴᖴᖴգॺ!٠Ъགᖴ؂ঁӧಭ

΢ٌधπբޑಭ঩ॺǴԖգॺωԖ೭٤ࣴزԋ݀ǶΨགᖴα၂ہ঩೚ᐋڷԴৣǵ

݅྅໩Դৣǵ஭ຐ⊭Դৣӧα၂΢ޑࡰᏤǴ๏ϒךߚதӭޑࡌ᝼Ƕ

ߚதᖴᖴךޑݿ༰ғΠΑךǴᖴᖴգॺЍ࡭ךᝩុ᠐ਜǴΨགᖴգॺޑх৒Ǵ ᗨฅؒᒤݤதӣৎഉՔգॺǴՠ࣮ډྣТаϷႝ၉ٗᓐޑ၉ᇟǴᕴࢂᡣךࡐܫЈ գॺ΋ϪѳӼǴёаӼЈᝩុ଺ࣴزǶ

നಖךाགᖴۊۊӧᅺ΋ਔ஥ךၶـΑ ֮ᕝৣР! གᖴ ৣРаϷ܌Ԗӵ

ٰჴ᛾ޗޑεৎǴεৎޑ੿ЈᜢᚶаϷഉՔǴᡣך੿ޑܴқϞғޑཀကǴΨှ໒ Јύคኧޑ่Ǵᗨฅᗋό୼੿ЈǵаϷߚதߚதӭޑόىǴᜫཀ׳уँઇ!

iii

ύЎᄔा

җܭᆵ᡼ߏԃڙډረ॥ϷӦ᎜ޑቹៜǴ٠ܭѦੇЇวᝄख़ޑੇۭӦ፦ؠ্Ǵ ӢԜҁࣴزԑӧᙶమӚ٣ҹჹܭ؇ᑈނޑ୴ᑈϷ໺ᒡԖՖቹៜǴ٠჋၂Кၨόӕ ٣ҹΠ؇ᑈނޑ໺ᒡᐒڋࢂցόӕǶ೸ၸ 2006~2015 ԃ໔ 31 ঁૐԛӅ 178 ઠՏ܌

ԏ໣ޑ۟޻Ǵ೸ၸಈ৩ύॶǵX-ray ឪቹǵ֖Нໆ܄፦Ϸႉ-Β΋˝ޑϩ݋ीᆉ؇

ᑈೲ౗ǵᓯໆǵಕᑈ፦ໆǴ૸ፕՋࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނ܄፦ϩѲᆶ໺ᒡϐ໔ޑᜢ߯Ƕҗ ܭᆵ᡼ߏԃڙډረ॥ϷӦ᎜ޑቹៜǴӚ٣ҹჹܭ؇ᑈނޑ୴ᑈϷ໺ᒡԖՖቹៜǴ ٠຾΋؁Кၨόӕ٣ҹΠ؇ᑈނޑ໺ᒡᐒڋࢂցόӕǶ

ҁࣴز୔ୱጄൎ఼ᇂଯࡀഌැǵଯࡀഌڵǵଯࡀੇۭ৙كǵܽቧੇۭ৙كа ϷుੇੇࣧǴ௖૸ᆵ᡼ՋࠄੇୱόӕӦ׎ൂϡ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈϐϩѲǶ

۟޻ಈ৩ύॶޜ໔ϩѲ่݀ᡉҢǴՋࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނಈ৩ύॶЬाࣁ 6-7phiǴಉ ᗭಈ(3-5phi)߾໣ύܭഌැϷΠܽቧࣧӦǶ௢ෳՋࠄੇୱǴ྽Ԗ٣ҹวғਔǴಉᗭ ಈ؇ᑈނ཮ᙖҗܽቧੇۭ৙ك໺ᒡԿΠܽቧࣧӦǶႉ-Β΋˝ᓯໆܭՋࠄੇୱޜ໔ ϐϩѲ่݀ᡉҢǴ؇ᑈނόѝࢂ୴ᑈܭଯࡀੇۭ৙كٿ਒ǴԶว౜ќ΋ঁ୴ᑈ୔

ՏܭΠܽቧࣧӦǶ຾΋؁ճҔ٣ҹ؇ᑈނಕᑈ፦ໆ่݀Ǵёـረ॥ᆶӦ᎜฻٣ҹ

؇ᑈނЬा໺ᒡ೼৩Ϸ୴ᑈ୔όӕܭߚ٣ҹਔයϐ؇ᑈނǶረ॥٣ҹ؇ᑈނЬा

ᙖҗଯࡀੇۭ৙كբࣁ໺ᒡ೼৩Ǵ٠୴ᑈܭഌැϷଯࡀ৙كٿୁǹӦ᎜٣ҹ؇ᑈ ނЬाᙖҗܽቧੇۭ৙كբࣁ໺ᒡ೼৩Ƕ

ࣴز่݀ᡉҢǴ؇ᑈނܭଯࡀੇۭ৙كЬा೸ၸଯࡀྛޑНࢬ໺ᒡǴ྽Ԗረ

॥٣ҹߟ᠍ᆵ᡼Ǵଯࡀྛ؇ᑈނ೯ໆΨᒿϐቚуǴߦ٬ረ॥٣ҹ୴ᑈނЬा୴ᑈ ܭଯࡀ৙كٿୁǶܽቧੇۭ৙كҗܭคݞοගٮ؇ᑈނٰྍǴረ॥٣ҹวғਔቹ ៜόεǴԶ৙ك؇ᑈނ໺ᒡЬाࣁӦ᎜٣ҹϐวғ܈ᜐڵόᛙۓǴ೷ԋ؇ᑈނڙ ډᘋ୏Ǵ٠٬ಉᗭಈ؇ᑈނᒿ๱ܽቧੇۭ৙ك໺ᒡǵ୴ᑈԿΠܽቧࣧӦǶ

ᜢᗖӷǺಈ৩ǵႉ-Β΋˝ǵੇۭ৙كǵ٣ҹ୴ᑈǵ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡ

iv

Abstract

Typhoons and earthquakes are one of the most common natural disasters in Taiwan and usually triggered severe submarine geohazards offshore Taiwan. This study is aimed to clarify how these events influenced the deposition and transportation of sediments and attempt to compare the discrepancy between different types of events.In this study, 178 cores in 31 cruises were collected from 2006 to 2015 and using the particle size, X-radiography and excess ²¹⁰Pb chronology analysis result to study the sediment dispersal paths and mechanisms off southwestern Taiwan.

The study area covers the Gaoping continental shelf, the Gaoping slope, the Gaoping Submarine Canyon, the Fangliao Submarine Canyon, and abyssal plain for discussing the distribution of sediments on different topographic units.

The spatial distribution of sediment median size showed the sediments were mainly composed by 6-7phi, belonging to the fine silt. The coarse sediments (3-5phi) were distributed on continental shelf and the lower Fangliao Basin. It suggested during the event periods, coarse-grained sediments will be transferred through the Fangliao Submarine Canyon to lower Fangliao Basin. The inventory of excess ²¹⁰Pb results showed the sediments were not only flanked the Gaoping Submarine Canyons, but also accumulated in the lower Fangliao Basin. Furthermore, the sediment cumulative mass calculated form event-layers in cores showed the differences of transport paths between typhoon and earthquake events. For the typhoon events, the Gaoping Canyon played as an important sediments transport conduit. In contrast, the gravity flows which generated by seismic events transported sediments through the Fangliao Submarine Canyon and into the lower Fangliao Basin.

The results of this research indicate during the typhoon invaded periods, the Gaoping Submarine Canyon is the major conduit for fast delivering sediments into abyssal plain. On contrary, the Fangliao Submarine Canyon, without river connected to the canyon head, the earthquake triggered seafloor instability generated large scale sediment-laden flows delivered sediments through the Fangliao Submarine Canyon and deposited in the lower Fanliao Basin or further transported into abyssal plain.

Key pointǺlead-210ǵgrain sizeǵsubmarine canyonǵevent depositǵsediment transport

v

Ҟᒵ

α၂ہ঩཮ቩۓਜ ... i

ठᖴ ... ii

ύЎᄔा ... iii

Abstract... iv

Ҟᒵ ... v

კҞᒵ ... vii

߄Ҟᒵ ... ix

ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ ... 1

1.1߻ق ... 1

1.2ࣴزङඳࢎᄬ ... 4

1.3߻Γࣴز ... 8

1.4ੇࢩӦ፦ؠ্ ... 8

1.5ࣴزҞޑ ... 9

ಃΒക ࣴزБݤ ... 10

2.1۟޻௦ኬ ... 10

2.1.1௦ኬ୔ୱ ... 10

2.1.2௦ኬБݤ ... 10

2.2۟޻ೀ౛Ϸϩ݋ ... 21

2.2.1XӀឪቹ ... 23

2.2.2֖Нໆ(water content)... 23

2.2.3ಈ৩ ... 24

2.2.4ຬໆ²¹⁰Pbۓԃ... 25

ಃΟക ჴᡍ่݀ ... 30

3.1؇ᑈނಈ৩ϩ݋ ... 30

3.1.1ಈ৩ύॶ(median)... 30

3.1.2ిᒧࡋ(sorting) ... 30

3.2؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋϩ݋ ... 31

3.2.1಍ᡏஏࡋ(Bulk density) ... 31

3.3؇ᑈނ²¹⁰Pbۓԃϩ݋... 31

3.3.1ᓯໆϩѲკ ... 31

3.3.2୴ᑈໆϩѲკ ... 31

3.3.3ؠ্୴ᑈϩѲკ ... 32

ಃѤക ૸ፕ ... 58

ಃϖക ่ፕ ... 64

vi

ୖԵЎ᝘ ... 65

vii

კҞᒵ

კ΋ ᆵ᡼Ӧᡏᄬ೷Ƕ ... 1

კΒ ᆵ᡼ӭख़ਔ໔Ёࡋϐߟᇑ౗Ƕ ... 2

კΟ ᆶগᇑࠠᄊԖᜢϐӦ᎜ǵНЎᆶӦ׎฻௓ڋӢηǶ ... 3

კѤ ೏୏Ϸࢲ୏݈༧ᜐጔϐᅹশᙒᐒڋǶ ... 4

კϖ ᆵ᡼ՋࠄੇୱӦ׎Ƕ ... 6

კϤ ؇ᑈނεೕኳ໺ᒡኳԄǶ ... 7

კΎ A.۟޻ઠՏკǶB.؇ᑈೲ౗ϩѲკǶ... 8

კΖ ࡀܿӦ᎜(Ѱ)Ϸವ܎լӦ᎜(ѓ)ੇۭႝᢑᘐ຋ҢཀკǶ... 9

კΐ ҁࣴز୔ୱკϷઠՏᗺ(आᗺ)Ƕ ...11

კΜ ۟޻ೀ౛ำׇǶ ... 22

კΜ΋ Uranium-238 ိᡂᗗǶ... 25

კΜΒ ؇ᑈނಈ৩ύॶϩѲკǶ ... 33

კΜΟ ؇ᑈނಈ৩ిᒧࡋϩѲკǶ ... 34

კΜѤ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋϩѲკǶ ... 35

კΜϖ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނ²¹⁰PbexcessᓯໆϩѲკǶ ... 36

კΜϤ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނߚ٣ҹਔය؇ᑈނ୴ᑈໆϩѲკǶ ... 37

კΜΎ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނᕴ୴ᑈໆϩѲკǶ ... 38

კΜΖ ՋࠄੇୱԖ૶ᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐ۟޻Ǵځಕᑈ፦ໆ(g/cm²)ϩѲკǶ ... 39

კΜΐ OR1-893-GCC ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋǵ ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 40

კΒΜ OR1-915-8 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋǵ ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 41

კΒΜ΋ OR1-923-B6 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 41

კΒΜΒ OR5-1302-MT7 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ ࢲࡋǵᐨѨໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 42

კΒΜΟ OR1-1070-C8 ۟޻ϐಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋǵ֖Нໆ ుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 42

კΒΜѤ ՋࠄੇୱԖ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐ۟޻Ǵځಕᑈ፦ໆ(g/cm²)ϩѲკǶ .... 43

კΒΜϖ ࣁკΒΜΟύ຀ጕ୔ୱܫεࡕǴइᒵವ܎լረ॥۟޻ϐಕᑈ፦ໆϩѲ კǶ ... 44

კΒΜϤ OR1-915-K1 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 45 კΒΜΎ OR1-915-L11 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ

viii

ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 46

კΒΜΖ OR1-915-L26 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 46

კΒΜΐ OR1-1032-H2-G ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ ࢲࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 47

კΟΜ OR1-1032-C1-1 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 48

კΟΜ΋ OR1-1032-S9 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 49

კΟΜΒ OR1-1032-S8 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 50

კΟΜΟ OR1-1032-S7 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 51

კΟΜѤ OR1-1032-S6 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 52

კΟΜϖ OR1-1032-S4 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 53

კΟΜϤ OR1-1032-S3 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 54

კΟΜΎ OR1-1032-S2 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 55

კΟΜΖ OR1-1032-S1 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 55

კΟΜΐ OR1-915-L9 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 56

კѤΜ OR1-915-K15X ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 56

კѤΜ΋ OR1-1032-2-MT7 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋ ˝ࢲࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 57

კѤΜΒ OR1-1070-C8 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕ ... 57

კѤΜΟ ୔ୱϣݝೣΕᡏϩѲკǶ ... 60

კѤΜѤ ࡀܿӦ᎜߻ࡕ۟޻ওय़КၨǶ ... 61

კѤΜϖ ᆵ᡼ੇ৙؇ᑈނಈ৩ϩѲკǶ ... 62

კѤΜϤ ۟޻ύ૶ᒵੇ඾ረ॥٣ҹ؇ᑈނϐઠՏϩѲკǶ ... 63

ix

߄Ҟᒵ

߄΋ ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄Ƕ ... 12-20 ߄Β इᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐӚ۟޻ၗ਑Ƕ ... 40 ߄Ο इᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐӚ۟޻ၗ਑Ƕ ... 45 ߄Ѥ OR1-785-BC2ǵOR1-785-GC2A ᆶ OR1-851-GCC ۟޻ઠՏၗ਑߄Ƕ ... 61

1

ಃ΋ക ᆣፕ

1.1 ߻ق

ᆵ᡼Տܭኻ٥εഌ݈༧ᆶ๷ࡓᇯੇ݈༧ҬࣚೀǴ๷ࡓᇯੇ݈༧؂ԃа 80mm ೲࡋ۳ՋчБӛᔒᓸǴ٠೷ԋᆵ᡼৞؂ԃа 5~7mm ೲ౗ܩϲǶፄᚇޑӦᡏᄬ೷ว

৖рٿঁ۱ഌᗦؒس಍ɡ๷ࡓᇯੇ݈༧ᗦؒኻ٥εഌ݈༧ޑ੥ౚ৞۱ᆶύ୯ࠄੇ

ђੇ༧ᗦؒܭ๷ࡓᇯੇ݈༧ϐΠ׎ԋֈֺ৞۱(კ΋)(Liu et al., 2008)Ƕࠄύ୯ੇ݈

༧ᗦؒࡕǴኻ٥εഌ݈༧ᆶ๷ࡓᇯੇ݈༧࡭ុޑ࿘ና೷൩рᆵ᡼ξଯǵݞοอλ

෱࡚ޑ੝ՅǶ

ќ΋Бय़Ǵᆵ᡼ՏܭՋчϼѳࢩୋ዗஥Ӧ୔Ǵ؂ԃ 5ǵ6 ДఘߘۑӢࡾহۑᙯ ඤਔයǴܿчۑ॥෧১ǵՋࠄۑ॥ቚமǴӧ๮ࠄӦ୔׎ԋ΋ၰᅉ੮᎔य़Ǵ೷ԋ࡭

ុޑफ़ߘǴఘߘۑफ़ߘໆэᆵ᡼ᕴफ़ߘໆޑԭϩϐΟΜǶԜѦ؂ԃহۑǴ዗஥ե ᓸܭϼѳࢩଯᓸ஥׎ԋǴଯྕޑу዗ϷՔᒿεໆН਻ว৖ԋረ॥Ǵ؂ԃѳ֡Ԗ 3 Կ 4 ঁረ॥ߟ᠍ᆵ᡼Ƕᗨฅረ॥ޑߟ᠍཮೷ԋΓ঩໾Ϋǵၭ཰ཞѨ……฻฻Ǵࠅ ࣁᆵ᡼஥ٰനЬाޑНၗྍٰྍǶ

კ΋ ᆵ᡼Ӧᡏᄬ೷(Liu et al., 2008)

2

ᆵ᡼Ӧೀ੟ઞǴଯξӦ׎ߦ٬ݞοอλ෱࡚ǴуаߏԃڙډӦ᎜کረ॥ޑቹ ៜǴߟᇑೲࡋזǴуೲεໆ؇ᑈނᒡрԿੇύǶLi (1976)ว߄ܭ Geology ޑࣴزࡰ

рǴᆵ᡼Ӣफ़ߘໆк؊Ǵ٬؇ᑈނগᇑ౗ගଯǴ؇ᑈނൂՏ೯ໆᇻଯܭӄౚКٯǶ

߻ΓࣴزࡰрǴᆵ᡼ΟΜԃѳ֡؇ᑈނߟᇑೲ౗ࣁ 3.9mm/yrǴӧ 1970-1999 ԃ໔Ǵᆵ᡼ගٮ 384 ԭ࿤Ꮢᝌੌ؇ᑈނԿੇࢩǴ՞ӄౚ 1.9%(Dadson et al., 2003)Ƕ კΒ৖Ңӭख़ਔ໔ЁࡋΠᆵ᡼ഌӦޑߟᇑ౗ϩѲǴځύკΒ aǴёܴᡉ࣮рݞοᝌ

ੌ؇ᑈނᒡрଯॶ໣ύӧܿ೽аϷՋࠄ೽Ӧ୔Ǵ٠ว౜ӧࠄ೽᜾ξ஥ࢲ୏଍ፂᘐ ቫ஥ύߟᇑ౗ёаଯၲ 60mm/yrǶკΟᡉҢগᇑ౗ᆶεࠠӦ᎜ǵረ॥Ԗமਗ਼ޑᜢ߯Ǵ ٿޣ೿཮ߦ٬εໆޑ؇ᑈނᒡଌԿݞၰύ(კΒ a)(Dadson et al., 2003)Ƕ

კΒ ᆵ᡼ӭख़ਔ໔Ёࡋϐߟᇑ౗Ƕa.ݞοᝌੌ؇ᑈނ೯ໆǴ໵Յጂᓐࣁԃѳ֡ᝌ

ੌᒡр؇ᑈނ೯ໆǴ໵ᗺࣁНЎઠՏǶ b.ݞكϪᇑೲ౗ (strath incision)Ǵ c.ᇘ៛

ೲ౗( exhumation rates)(Dadson et al., 2003)Ƕ

3

კΟ ᆶগᇑࠠᄊԖᜢϐӦ᎜ǵНЎᆶӦ׎฻௓ڋӢηǶa.ಕᑈӦ᎜ં(cumulative seismic moment, M0)ीᆉԾ 1900 ԃԿ 1998 ԃೕኳεܭ MW=5.0ϐᐕўӦ᎜૶ᒵȐ҂

ीΕ 1999 ԃ໣໣Ӧ᎜ȑǶb.೵ࢬسኧ(runoff coefficient)ޑᡂϯǴځۓကࣁѳ֡೵ࢬ ޑ኱ྗৡ/ѳ֡೵ࢬໆǶ೵ࢬȐm yr^-1ȑࢂݞࢬԃѳ֡೵ࢬໆ/ࢬୱय़ᑈǶc. ൂՏݞ οф౗(unit stream-power)Ҕ 1km ᆛ਱߄Ң(Dadson et al., 2003)Ƕ

ᆵ᡼ൂՏय़ᑈ؇ᑈނౢ౗ଯޑΟঁЬाӢનԖ(1)ଽว܄٣ҹ(episodic events)Ǻ ٣ ҹ ޑ ว ғ Ї ว อ ය ܈ ߏ ය ؇ ᑈ ނ ໺ ᒡ ᐒ ཮ Ǵ (2) ౦ ख़ ࢬ ᐚ ࡋ (hyperpycnal concentration)Ǻଯᐚࡋ؇ᑈނޑ໺ᒡբҔǴ(3)ΓࣁӢન(anthropogenic)ǺΓࣁբҔ

೷ԋӦ߄গᇑᝄख़Ǵගଯ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡໆ(Kao and Milliman, 2008)Ƕ

৞ᔁࠠଯξλݞݱࡰ৞ᔁᕉნύڀԖଯ؇ᑈނ೯ໆޑ੟λ෱࡚ݞοǶନଯ؇

ᑈނ೯ໆѦǴ৞ᔁࠠଯξλݞჹܭ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡᗋתᄽќ΋ঁख़ाޑفՅǴӢݞο อλǵࢬೲזǴ؇ᑈނ൳ЯؒԖӧݞαଶ੮Ǵޔௗёа۳ుੇ໺ᒡǴӢԜёа຾

΋؁זೲஒԖᐒᅹশᙒǴԖշܭᅹޑൻᕉ(Milliman and Syvitski, 1992)Ƕ

4

კѤ ೏୏Ϸࢲ୏݈༧ᜐጔϐᅹশᙒᐒڋǶ(Blair and Aller, 2012)

1.2 ࣴزङඳࢎᄬ

ᆵ᡼Ջࠄੇୱҗ੟ઞεഌැǵቨቶεഌڵϷѤঁЬाੇۭ৙ك-ዋ෫ੇۭ৙كǵ ტξੇۭ৙كǵଯࡀੇۭ৙كǵܽቧੇۭ৙كಔԋ(კϖ)Ƕ

ଯࡀഌැǺឦܭอǵ੟ઞǵНుభϐεഌැǶԜࠠᄊЬाҗܭᆵ᡼೷ξၮ୏

аϷ߻ഌࣧӦޑ୴ᑈ܌೷ԋǶεഌැ΋ၡவමЎྛрੇαݮ๱Ջࠄݮ۞ԿܽቧǴ ߏࡋऊࣁ΋ԭϦٚǵቨࡋλܭΒΜϦٚǵНుऊࣁΖΜϦЁǶଯࡀഌැаଯ໢ѱ ࣁࣚǴчᜐഌැ׎ᄊᜪ՟ᆵ໘;ࠄᜐഌැ߾ࢂ΋ঁၨభϷઞޑѳᆵ(Yu and Chiang, 1997)Ƕ

ଯࡀഌڵǺҗଯࡀεഌැ຋ӛՋࠄۯ՜ԿࠄੇനчᆄǴ่״ܭዋ෫ੇۭ৙كǴ ቨࡋऊ 110 ϦٚǴय़ᑈຬၸ 1600 ѳБϦٚǶుࡋጄൎவ 80 ϦЁډ 3000 ϦЁǴ٠ аНు 1000 ϦЁࣁࣚǴϩࣁ΢೽ഌڵᆶΠ೽ഌڵǶ΢೽ഌڵቨऊ 40 ϦٚǴڵࡋ ऊ 1.4^לǴΠ೽ഌڵቨऊ 70 ϦٚǴڵࡋऊ 1.7^ל(Yu and Wen, 1992)Ƕ

ዋ෫ੇۭ৙كǺࣁᆵ᡼߻ഌࣧӦЬा؇ᑈނ໺ᒡᆅၰϐ΋Ǵዋ෫ੇۭ৙كவ ଯࡀ௹ڵᆶࠄύ୯ੇ௹ڵа൳߈ࠄ-чوӛ۳ࠄۯ՜Ǵᕴߏऊ 180 ϦٚǶ৙كᓐ೽

ଆྍܭᆵ᡼ੇ৙ഌැᜐጔǴ٠ӛࠄۯ՜Կଭѭ܎ੇྎǶа 2500 ϦЁНుࣁࣚёϩ ԋ΢Πٿ೽ϩǴ΢೽׎ᄊ੝ቻࣁӦ׎ଆҷεǵ৙كଥ৘ࣁ V ࠠǵ௹ڵفࡋ 1.42^ל;

5

Π೽׎ᄊ੝ቻࣁቨቶࣧӦǵӦ׎ଆҷλǵ௹ڵفࡋ 0.5^לǵؒԖځд৙كϩЍ(Yu and Chang, 2002)Ƕ

ტξੇۭ৙كǺ৙كᓐ೽วػܭ΢೽ഌڵǴܭНు 1800 ϦЁೀ༊Εዋ෫ੇۭ

৙كǴᕴߏ 50 ϦٚǴЬाࣁܿч-Ջࠄوӛ(Yu and Huang, 1998)Ƕ

ଯࡀੇۭ৙كǺՏܭଯ໢ѱܿࠄБऊϤΜϦٚೀǴ৙كᓐ೽Տܭଯࡀྛᆶܿ

ෝྛрੇα΋ϦٚೀǴ೏ຎࣁଯࡀྛޑۯ՜Ƕଯࡀੇۭ৙كΠϪଯࡀഌැǴ຾Ε ഌڵϐࡕݮ๱΢೽௹ڵҬࣚೀӛࠄࢬǴᙯ۳Ջࠄ೴ᅌᡂԋԔࢬǴܭчጎ21 ࡋǵܿ

࿶120 ࡋ༊Εଭѭ܎ੇྎǴᕴߏ 240 ϦٚǶ৙كᜐጔډ৙كۭ೽Ӧ׎ᡂϯёၲϤ ԭϦЁǴӦ༈੟ߏԶԔשǴНుᡂϯቃਗ਼ǴੇۭӦ׎ᡂϯ࡚ᗊଥ৘(Liu et al., 1993)Ƕ

ܽቧੇۭ৙كǺ৙كᓐ೽วػ൪ΕഌැǴаНు 600 ϦЁࣁࣚёϩ΢Πٿ೽

ϩǴ΢೽ࣁࠄ-чوӛǴ৙كওय़ࣁ V ׎ǴΠ೽ࣁܿч-Ջࠄوӛޑ U ׎৙ك(Yu and Lu, 1995)Ƕ

ଯࡀྛࣁՋࠄੇୱനЬा؇ᑈނගٮٰྍǴଯࡀྛӄߏ 171 ϦٚǴࢬୱय़ᑈ 3257 ѳБϦٚǴࣁᆵ᡼ࢬୱय़ᑈനεޑݞοǶଯࡀྛวྍԾύѧξેǴҗܿч۳ ՋࠄБӛݙΕՋࠄੇୱǶ

6

კϖ ᆵ᡼ՋࠄੇୱӦ׎Ƕ

7

ᆵ᡼Ջࠄੇୱܭߚ٣ҹਔයǴ؇ᑈނޑ໺ᒡЬाࢂڙ௓ܭ؇ᑈނᗭಈελǴ ёа୔ϩԋΟঁ໺ᒡБԄǺ(1)ᝌੌ(suspension)Ǵ(2)ၢ୏(saltation)Ǵ(3)ᄾ୏(rolling transport)Ƕ྽Нࢬࢬೲᆶεໆ؇ᑈނቚуਔǴ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡ߾ᙯаᐜࢬȐturbidity currentȑ܈౦ख़ࢬȐhyperpycnal flowȑޑБԄ໺ᒡǶᐜࢬᆶ౦ख़ࢬϐ؇ᑈނᐚࡋଯ ܭ΋૓Нᡏύᝌੌ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡǴ໺ᒡਔᐜࢬ؇ᑈނϐ؇ᑈׇӈև౜җಉډಒޑಈ ભቫȐgraded beddingȑ୴ᑈǶԶ؇ᑈނᐚࡋଯܭ 40g/L ޑ౦ख़ࢬǴځ༟܄ࢬᡏȐplastic flowȑޑ໺ᒡБԄ߾཮ܭ٣ҹቫۭ೽׎ԋϸಈભቫޑ؇ᑈׇӈǶੇࢩεೕኳ؇ᑈނ

໺ᒡᐒڋёϩࣁྖ౽(slide)ᆶ؇ᑈނख़Κࢬ(sedment gravity flow)ǴӚ໨ಒϩϷ໺ᒡ ᐒڋӈܭკϤύǶ

კϤ ؇ᑈނεೕኳ໺ᒡኳԄǶ(Boggs, 2006)

8

1.3 ߻Γࣴز

ᆵ᡼Ջࠄੇୱϐ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡᆶ୴ᑈࣴزύǴύѧࣴزଣ௑ݯӼࣴز঩ϐࣴز ი໗ճҔӭᅿܫ৔܄ਡᅿीᆉଯࡀੇۭ৙كڬᎁ؇ᑈނೲ౗Ǵ٠ճҔ؇ᑈೲ౗՗

ᆉ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈໆǴளډவଯࡀྛᒡр؇ᑈނύѝ 18%཮୴ᑈܭځࣴز୔ୱ(კΎ A)Ƕ ܭଯࡀੇۭ৙كڬᜐ୔ୱǴຬໆ²¹⁰Pbीᆉ܌ளϐ؇ᑈೲ౗่݀ᡉҢǴଯࡀੇۭ৙

كٿୁࣁ౜ж؇ᑈނϐ؇ᑈύЈ(კΎ B)Ƕ

A. B.

კΎ A.۟޻ઠՏკǶB.؇ᑈೲ౗ϩѲკǶ(Huh et al., 2009)

1.4 ੇࢩӦ፦ؠ্

Ѡ᡼ߏԃڙډረ॥ϷӦ᎜ߟ᠍Ǵόѝഌ΢ڙؠǶೱ஥๱ੇࢩύΨ཮ڙډؠ্

٣ҹቹៜǶ߈ԃനڙᢋҞޑ٣ҹࣁ 2006 ԃ 12 Д 26 Вೕኳ 7.0 ޑࡀܿӦ᎜аϷ 2009 ԃ 8 Дޑವ܎լ॥ؠǴٿ٣ҹࣣวғӭచੇۭႝᢑޑᘐ຋(ᎄӿ໡, 2012)Ƕጰۧଈ ᅺγፕЎ္Ǵीᆉ۟޻ύ٣ҹϷߚ٣ҹ؇ᑈቫԖᐒᅹޑশᙒǴ่݀ᡉҢ٣ҹ؇ᑈ ჹܭ؇ᑈނԖᐒᅹশᙒໆၨܭߚ٣ҹ؇ᑈଯрऊ 10~100 ७ǶҗԜёޕ٣ҹ؇ᑈᗨ

཮೷ԋؠ্ǴՠΨჹܭᅹޑশᙒໆԖ຾΋؁ޑଅ᝘Ƕ

9

კΖ ࡀܿӦ᎜(Ѱ)Ϸವ܎լӦ᎜(ѓ)ੇۭႝᢑᘐ຋ҢཀკǶ(ᎄӿ໡, 2012)

1.5 ࣴزҞޑ

ᆵ᡼Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނЬाٮᔈٰྍࣁଯࡀྛǴࣁᕕှவଯࡀྛ໺ᒡԿՋࠄੇ

ୱ؇ᑈނϐ܄፦ϩѲࠠᄊǵ୴ᑈ௃׎Ϸ٣ҹวғਔ؇ᑈނܭՋࠄੇୱޑ໺ᒡǵ୴ ᑈᐒڋϐ౦ӕǶҁࣴزճҔ 2006 ԃԿ 2015 ԃ໔܌௦໣ऊ 178 Ѝ۟޻Ǵ຾Չ؇ᑈ ނಈ৩ǵႉ-Β΋˝ǵ֖Нໆ฻ϩ݋Ǵᙖҗޜ໔ϩѲკ຾΋؁௖૸୔ୱϣ؇ᑈނ໺

ᒡᐒڋϷ୴ᑈࠠᄊǶ

10

ಃΒക ࣴزБݤ

2.1 ۟޻௦ኬ

2.1.1 ௦ኬ୔ୱ

ҁࣴزՏܭᆵ᡼ՋࠄੇୱǴӦ׎ൂϡх֖ଯࡀഌැǵଯࡀഌڵǵଯࡀੇۭ৙

كǵܽቧੇۭ৙كϷుੇੇࣧǶҁЎϩ݋ϐ۟޻ځ௦ኬઠՏӵკΐ܌ҢǴԶ۟޻

ӚઠՏ၁ಒၗ਑ӈܭ߄΋Ƕ

2.1.2 ௦ኬБݤ

ҁࣴز೸ၸੇࣴ΋ဦǵΟဦǵϖဦࣴزಭǴճҔࢲ༞Ԅ۟޻௦ኬᏔ(Piston core)ǵ ख़ΚԄ۟޻௦ኬᏔ(Gravity core)ǵጃࠠԄ۟޻௦໣Ꮤ(Box core)Ϸ Shipek ௽ᙯԄ׬

ݝᏔ(Sediment grab)௦໣۟޻Ϸ߄ቫ؇ᑈނኬҁǶஒখڗள۟޻΢ᆄᇂ΢ᇂηǵΠ ᆄҔᇂη࠾ӳǴߥ࡭ޔҥǴܭ۟޻΢኱ҢૐԛǵઠՏǵ௦ኬБԄǵ۟޻ߏࡋǴ΢

ᆄ኱Ңӛ΢ጂᓐ٠ቪ΢ TȐTopȑǴΠᆄ߾ቪ΢ BȐBottomȑǶࡑ΢ቫ؇ᑈނᛙۓࡕǴ ௨р΢ቫੇНǴճҔ༝ᒯϪନ΢೽ӭᎩᆅߏǴࣁᗉխ؇ᑈނᘋ୏Ǵ΢೽؇ᑈނᆶ

۟޻ᆅޜሜೀ߾ܫΕߥ᜽ᓪǴӆஒ΢೽ᇂη࠾ӳǴջёၮԿ୯ࣴଣѠ᡼ੇࢩࣽמ

ࣴزύЈ຾ՉΠ΋؁ޑೀ౛Ƕ߄ቫ؇ᑈނኬҁǴ߾ஒ؇ᑈނኬҁܫΕஏ࠾೓ϣǴ ջёଌӣჴᡍ࠻଺ࡕុϩ݋Ƕ

11

კΐ ҁࣴز୔ୱკϷઠՏᗺ(आᗺ)Ƕ

12

߄΋ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: Gravity coreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ MD-052912119.8083 22.3583-1093P.CCGS MD-052911119.8513 22.2603-1076P.CCGS MD-052913119.9881 22.1526-1095P.CCGS MD-052914119.8497 22.0327-1635P.CCGS OR1-0697G-23-P1119.8145 22.3528-1228P.CCGS OR1-0697G-17-P1119.9273 22.3302-1011 P.CCGS OR1-0697G-15-P1119.9778 22.3118 -962P.CCGS OR1-0697G-19-P1119.8748 22.2883-1172 P.CCGS OR1-0697G-1-P1120.105722.2748-724P.CCGS OR1-0697G-10-P2119.9582 22.2637-767P.CCGS OR1-0697G-21-P1119.8815 22.2545-1279P.CCGS OR1-0697G-6-P1119.9510 22.2253-563P.CCGS OR1-0697G-2-P2120.078322.1913-718P.CCGS OR1-0697G-5A-P1119.9877 22.1538-1090P.CCGS OR1-0697G-3-P1120.026522.1412-1362P.CCGS OR1-0718G-N8-P119.8282 22.4272-908P.CCGS OR1-0718G-N6-P1119.8875 22.2967-1164 P.CCGS OR1-0718G-N9-P1120.013222.2833-963P.CCGS OR1-0718G-22-P119.8513 22.2600-1104 P.CCGS

13

߄΋(ុ) ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: Gravity coreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ OR1-0718G-N4-P119.9747 22.1845-973P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-8-P119.8608 22.5308-1088P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-7-P119.8325 22.4752-927P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-22-P120.038322.3689-639P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-6-P1119.8077 22.3397-1316P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-3-P1119.8099 22.2802-1671P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-2-P1119.8215 22.2626-1432P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-10-P119.8424 22.2450-1216P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-20-P1120.170822.2189-1020P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-11-P1119.7674 22.1578-1487P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-16-P119.9853 22.1117 -1012P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-15-P119.8642 22.0966-1353P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-13-P119.7895 22.0816-1668P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-14-P1119.8495 22.0320-1648P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-18-P120.122921.8385-1762P.CCGS OR1-0758GH-19-P1120.128521.8325-1756P.CCGS OR1-07851A120.2110 21.85002006/3/12 04:122291B.Cමᓉە OR1-07852A120.191721.90252006/3/12 09:402040B.Cමᓉە OR1-07852A120.191721.90252006/3/12 09:402040G.Cමᓉە OR1-07855A120.082822.07422006/3/12 18:481807G.Cමᓉە

14

߄΋(ុ) ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: Gravity coreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ OR1-07857A120.224322.29852006/3/13683G.Cමᓉە OR1-07858A120.271522.31252006/3/13 03:02507B.Cමᓉە OR1-07859A120.207722.35632006/3/13 06:20410B.Cමᓉە OR1-07859A120.207722.35632006/3/13 07:10410G.Cමᓉە OR1-0792GS-12-P119.8495 22.0326-1648P.CCGS OR1-082514120.540222.17992007/3/22 11:08669B.Cමᓉە OR1-082514120.540222.17992007/3/22 14:18668G.Cමᓉە OR1-082515120.465822.24022007/3/22 19:43183B.Cමᓉە OR1-082515120.465822.24022007/3/22 20:20190G.Cමᓉە OR1-082516120.510322.25052007/3/22 21:30127G.Cමᓉە OR1-082516120.510322.25052007/3/22 21:56128B.Cමᓉە OR1-0825BC17120.525522.26892007/3/23 00:4378B.Cමᓉە OR1-0825GC17120.525522.26892007/3/23 01:3772G.Cමᓉە OR1-0828GT-11-G120.264022.1878-825G.CCGS OR1-0828GT-6A-G120.479021.9408-712G.CCGS OR1-0828GT-5-G120.488621.9005-888G.CCGS OR1-0834GT-M2B-P120.534522.2720-60P.CCGS OR1-0834GT-S4-P120.396922.0491-751P.CCGS OR1-0834GT-S1-P120.459522.0428-843P.CCGS OR1-0834GT-24-P120.500021.9894-283P.CCGS

15

߄΋(ុ) ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: Gravity coreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ OR1-0834GT-22-P120.521321.9183-1024P.CCGS OR1-0834GT-4-P120.443321.8204-631P.CCGS OR1-0851GCC120.192321.90232007/12/8 04:202008G.Cමᓉە OR1-0853GT5120.488721.85002007/12/202008G.Cමᓉە OR1-08605-P119.8338 22.4532-950P.CCGS OR1-08604-P119.8312 22.4378-962P.CCGS OR1-08603-P119.8301 22.4294-922P.CCGS OR1-086014-P119.8493 22.4260-1405P.CCGS OR1-08602-P119.8220 22.3984-1158 P.CCGS OR1-086026-P119.8804 22.2893-1178 P.CCGS OR1-086027-P119.8726 22.2753-1130 P.CCGS OR1-086024-P3119.8587 22.2632-886P.CCGS OR1-086028-P119.8657 22.2477-1166 P.CCGS OR1-086021-P119.8298 22.2369-1472P.CCGS OR1-0888C2120.563222.22082008/12/27580B.Cමᓉە OR1-0888C1120.563222.22102008/12/27244B.Cමᓉە OR1-0893C120.582022.20302009/3/31 06:28246G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0893C120.582022.20302009/3/31 05:30244B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-089817120.014722.99752009/5/14 10:4679B.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-0915K15X120.204022.00822009/10/3 11:34914B.Cጰۧଈ

16

߄΋(ុ) ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: Gravity coreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ OR1-09158120.479522.10932009/9/29 06:41825B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0915L9120.361322.18402009/10/3 04:38495B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0915K8X120.285722.29522009/10/3 08:55914B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0915K8120.254722.33252009/9/28 13:40711 G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0915L26120.217522.39522009/9/28 04:20307B.Cጰۧଈ OR1-0915K1120.414722.45822009/9/30 17:20152G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0915K12A120.408522.40532009/9/28 17:52350B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0915L11120.258522.33252009/9/29 23:17729B.Cഋࢅ׍ OR1-0923B8G120.332721.91722010/4/6 06:001276G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923B6G120.317821.95822010/4/6 03:001195 G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923B4G120.270022.06732010/4/5 23:57718G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923B1G120.234822.15132010/4/5 16:00857G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923B9120.583322.20212010/4/4 16:26228G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923L9120.360922.18352010/4/4 19:28495B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923B7120.309322.10172010/4/5 21:25718G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923K31120.192321.88372010/4/6 11:092007G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923L28120.127822.49772010/4/5 11:09374B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923L26120.218022.39482010/4/5 3:00305B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0923L11120.258222.22652010/4/4 21:50733B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-09428120.029822.1112 2010/10/4 16:59828G.Cᎄӿ໡

17

߄΋(ុ) ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: Gravity coreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ OR1-0942K31120.190221.88432010/10/3 19:562061G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0942L28120.127722.49722010/10/6 08:49375G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0951GCC120.405522.20232010/12/14 02:36245B.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0951C1120.410722.18422010/12/14 18:15407G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0955C5120.405522.10172011/3/22 05:00521G.Cᎄӿ໡ OR1-0983L31120.180022.35082011/11/19 03:55374G.C OR1-0983L28120.127322.49832011/11/19 01:05493G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1032S1120.264722.18382013/4/8 09:05822G.Cጰۧଈ OR1-1032C1-1120.326322.31732013/4/9 12:15168G.C OR1-1032H2-G120.418222.3118 2013/4/9 10:18107G.C OR1-1032S2120.288022.21352013/4/8 05:25639G.C OR1-1032S3120.290522.21582013/4/7 17:45650G.C OR1-1032S4120.296922.22422013/4/8 01:40524G.C OR1-1032S5120.300822.22872013/4/7 19:25524G.C OR1-1032S6120.304822.23572013/4/8 04:00437G.C OR1-1032S7120.307522.23792013/4/7 23:10452G.C OR1-1032S8120.319322.25232013/4/7 14:50368G.C OR1-1032S9120.337622.27662013/4/7 12:06286G.C OR1-1032S10120.360722.30342013/4/7 10:00135G.C OR1-1038E2120.049722.81682013/6/1 15:30114 G.C৪ဃ൛

18

߄΋(ុ) ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: GravitycoreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ OR1-1038E3120.024122.90092013/6/1 19:35140G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1038E4119.9832 22.95122013/6/1 20:37113 G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1038E7120.001822.74902013/6/1 14:13154G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1049HG2D-23G120.380521.02882013/9/14 09:512867G.C OR1-1070C2120.505221.09252014/4/18 22:501647P.C OR1-1070C3120.457321.06772014/4/18 19:051835P.C OR1-1070C4120.374221.02832014/4/17 15:202988P.C OR1-1070C8120.231321.05502014/4/16 9:052964P.C OR1-1070C9120.164721.1155 2014/4/16 22:312772P.C OR1-1070C10120.636021.46052014/4/19 10:12742P.C OR1-1070C11120.570621.42612014/4/19 6:341408P.C OR1-1070C12120.424521.35702014/4/18 18:102846P.C OR1-1070C13120.674921.57842014/4/19 17:30848P.C OR1-1070C14120.609321.54222014/4/19 14:451079P.C OR1-1070C15120.085521.26582014/4/16 13:403089P.C OR1-1070C16120.000421.22322014/4/16 6:223303P.C OR1-1070C17119.9782 21.31542014/4/15 18:253098P.C OR1-1070C19120.639121.26852014/4/18 7:33977P.C OR1-1070C20120.579321.23732014/4/18 13:001597P.C OR1-1073aS4119.8627 22.21632014/5/9 05:051400G.C৪ဃ൛

19

߄΋(ុ) ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: Gravity coreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ OR1-1073aS3119.8665 22.23802014/5/9 00:561070G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1073aS2119.8703 22.24692014/5/8 21:361236G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1073aS1119.8966 22.25822014/5/8 19:401330G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1073bS6120.043022.36702014/5/14 14:02659G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1073bS6-0120.075322.37482014/5/14 15:55727G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1073bS8120.026422.40492014/5/14 19:32879G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1073bS7120.1190 22.55652014/5/15 07:15250G.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1102GC-4120.192822.29802015/4/6 20:061077B.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1102GC-3120.266422.34822015/4/6 15:08655B.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1102GS-3120.300122.18312015/4/7 0:27690B.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1102GS-4120.329322.13932015/4/7 3:40849B.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1102GS-2120.329722.21672015/4/7 8:20462B.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1102GC-2120.332722.40102015/4/6 12:03488B.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1102GS-1120.400522.23282015/4/7 11:04277B.C৪ဃ൛ OR1-1102GC-1120.4115 22.42672015/4/6 7:58321B.C৪ဃ൛ OR3-1237St11120.459122.05372007/12/8 03:23838G.Cමᓉە OR3-1237St1120.155722.39722007/12/7 13:30632G.C৪ဃ൛ OR3-1253C7120.200722.482439379.0313310G.C৪ဃ൛ OR3-1262C01120.651022.18502007/11/22107S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C02120.610522.25122007/11/2250S.Gමᓉە

20

߄΋(ុ) ࣴزઠՏ۟޻ၗ਑߄ǶP.C: Piston coreǴG.C: Gravity coreǴB.C: Box coreǴS.G: Surface grab ૐԛઠՏ࿶ࡋጎࡋ௦ኬਔ໔ుࡋ௦ኬБԄኬҁϩ݋ OR3-1262C03120.578922.05582007/11/22365S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C04120.509222.20292007/11/22370S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C05120.436022.25032007/11/22158S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C06120.536022.33592007/11/2229S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C07120.493922.36512007/11/2227S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C08120.392022.27182007/11/23201S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C09120.372622.31012007/11/23137S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C10120.455422.39352007/11/2327S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C11120.320622.44162007/11/2431S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C12120.294722.46142007/11/2443S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C13120.234322.52042007/11/2478S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C14120.202622.57672007/11/24114 S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C15120.188022.65762007/11/2436S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C16120.141722.72272007/11/2462S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C17120.1104 22.79552007/11/2481S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C18120.346322.46282007/11/2421S.Gමᓉە OR3-1262C19120.321022.48342007/11/2422S.Gමᓉە OR5-1302-2MT6120.060221.29202013/3/6 19:563078P.Cጰۧଈ OR5-1302-2MT7120.088721.30452013/3/7 02:482654P.Cጰۧଈ

21

2.2 ۟޻ೀ౛Ϸϩ݋

ஒ௦໣ϐ۟޻ଌԿੇࢩࣽמࣴزύЈ຾Չ۟޻߻ೀ౛Ƕ२ӃǴӆԛዴᇡૐԛ ઠՏࢂցԖ኱ҢమཱǴዴᇡֹ߾ஒ۟޻ওъԋߥӸъᆅȐarchive-halfȑϷπբъᆅ Ȑworking-halfȑǶওъࡕޑ۟޻Ǵ຾Չଯှ݋ࡋ߄य़ឪቹǴ೸ၸ۟޻߄य़ᚑՅǵಈ ৩ǵᄬ೷уаඔॊइᒵǴനࡕᗉխ۟޻ύНϩࢬѨ߾ճҔߥᗲጢхᇗ۟޻ӆҔࠆ

༟ጤ೓࠾းֹ౥Ǵπբъᆅଌӣჴᡍ࠻຾ՉΠ΋؁ೀ౛Ƕ

۟޻ၮӣჴᡍ࠻ࡕǴѐନ࠾း೓ǴճҔߏ 25cmǵቨ 5cmǵࠆ 1cm ޑᓸլΚ݈

ᓸΕ؇ᑈނ߄य़Ǵ٠ڗр 1 Ϧϩࠆޑኬҁ຾Չ X ӀឪቹǴځᎩ؇ᑈނኬҁ߾а 1cm ࣁ໔႖ϩձးΕᚆЈᆅύǴջё଺ࡕុჴᡍϩ݋Ƕ۟޻߻ೀ౛ֹ᏾ࢬำӵკΜ܌

ҢǶ

22

௦ኬ

↓

MSCL

↓

ওъ

ɫ ɪ

ߥӸъᆅ πբъᆅ

↓

۟Ј߄य़ឪቹ

↓

۟Јඔॊ

↓

Itrax

ɫ ɪ

ϩኬ X Ӏឪቹ

↓

հএଳᔿ

↓

ಈ৩ǵႉۓԃǵځд

კΜ ۟޻ೀ౛ำׇǶ

23

2.2.1X Ӏឪቹ

XӀឪቹऊவ 19 Шइ҃໒ۈቶݱ೏٬ҔӧࣽᏢǵπ཰کᙴᕍ΢ǶHamblin(1962) ࣁಃ΋Տӧࣳ۟؇ᑈނύ຾Չ X ӀឪቹǴHamblin ᇡࣁ؇ᑈނӧ؇ᑈၸำύǴҗ ܭಈ৩΢ޑৡ౦೷ԋ όӕஏࡋǴ٬ X Ӏ ऀ೸ޑໆ൩཮ό΋ኬ Ƕ Calvert and Veevers(1962)߾ஒԜБݤ஥Εੇࢩ؇ᑈނύǶ

ҁࣴزճҔኧՏ X Ӏឪቹس಍(AXR MODEL M160NH Cabient X-ray System)

຾Չ۟޻ X ӀឪቹπբǴځ؁ᡯӵΠǶԾ؇ᑈނ۟޻аᓸլΚ݈ڗ 1 Ϧϩࠆࡋ؇

ᑈނ٠ਥᏵ؇ᑈނ੝܄Ǵፓ᏾ႝᓸ(kV)ǵႝࢬ(mA)ǵឪቹਔ໔ߏࡋ຾ՉឪቹǶ೸

ၸ X ӀቹႽёа߃؁ᕕှ۟ЈύӚቫՏ໔ޑᡂϯǵаϷࢂցԖᐜࢬ٣ҹቫǵߟᇑǵ ғނᘋ୏ǵنෘǵ۟ҡ฻౜ຝǶ

2.2.2 ֖Нໆ(water content)

२Ӄஒຠ኱ᠸϐᚆЈᆅગޜख़ǴӆஒးΕኬҁᚆЈᆅગᔸख़ǴճҔհএଳᔿ ᐒǴѐନ؇ᑈނύޑНϩ٠ӆஒςಥН؇ᑈނϷᚆЈᆅગଳख़Ƕ೸ၸΠӈ֖Нໆ ϦԄीᆉ؇ᑈނޑ֖НໆǶ೸ၸ֖Нໆёа຾΋؁ीᆉ؇ᑈނޑ಍ᡏஏࡋ(bulk densityǹg/cm³)ǵϾሜࡋ(porosityǹ%)ᆶಕᑈ፦ໆ(cumulative massǹg/cm²)Ƕ

ݓܽݐ݁ݎܿ݋݊ݐ݁݊ݐ ൌ  ݓ݁ݐ െ ݀ݎݕ

ݓ݁ݐ െ ݐݑܾ݁ൈ ͳͲͲΨ

ɀԄύ wet ߄Ң؇ᑈނуޜᚆЈᆅࡕޑᔸख़Ǵdry ߄Ң؇ᑈނуᚆЈޜᆅࡕޑଳ ख़Ƕ

ҁࣴز܌٬Ҕϐհএଳᔿᐒࣁ Kingmech Ϧљ฿ރပӦࠠհএଳᔿᐒǴӧ-50 ɗǴ੿ޜܭ 200millitor аΠǴܫ࿼ 4-5 ϺǶ

y ಍ᡏஏࡋ(bulk densityǹg/cm³)

ܤݑ݈݇݀݁݊ݏ݅ݐݕሺߩ_௪௘௧ሻ  ൌ ܹ_{௪௔௧௘௥}൅ ܹ_௦௘ௗ൅ ܹ_௦௔௟௧

ܸ_{௪௔௧௘௥}൅ ܸ_௦௘ௗ ൅ ܸ_௦௔௟௧ y Ͼሜ౗(porosityǹ%)

ܲ݋ݎ݋ݏ݅ݐݕ ൌ  ܸ_{௪௔௧௘௥}

ܸ_{௪௔௧௘௥}൅  ܸ_௦௘ௗ ൅  ܸ_௦௔௟௧ y ಕᑈ፦ໆ(cumulative massǹg/cm²)

ߩ_௪௘௧ൈ ο ൈ ሺͳ െ ™ƒ–‡”Ψሻ

24

οǺኬҁڗኬࠆࡋሺ…ሻ

2.2.3 ಈ৩

೸ၸ؇ᑈނಈ৩ୖኧёа௢ෳǴ؇ᑈނӧ໺ᒡၸำύ܌࿶ᐕޑН୏ΚచҹϷ ځ؇ᑈᕉნǶ

ಈ৩ϩ݋܌ளϐЬाୖኧϷځཀကӵΠǺ

ύॶಈ৩(median)Ǻҗܭ؇ᑈނಈ৩ϩѲ΋૓ό཮և౜தᄊϩѲǴύॶಈ৩࣬

ၨܭѳ֡ಈ৩Ǵၨόܰڙډୃᄊ܌ቹៜǴӢԜ؇ᑈᏢύத٬Ҕύॶಈ৩ж߄؇ᑈ ނಈ৩Ƕ

ిᒧࡋ(sorting)Ǻջ؇ᑈނಈ৩ϩѲϐ኱ྗৡǴᙖԜж߄؇ᑈނಈ৩ϐϩණǵ

໣ύำࡋǶኧॶλ߄Ң؇ᑈނಈ৩ϩѲຫ໣ύǴϸϐ߾ж߄؇ᑈނಈ৩ຫϩණǶ ҁࣴز܌٬Ҕႜ৔ಈ৩ሺࣁ Beckman Coulter LS13 320 Laser Diffraction Particle AnalyzerǴځୀෳጄൎёаவ0.375μm ډ 2000μmǶ

ԜሺᏔࢂճҔӀޑණ৔চ౛Ǵ྽ኬࠔ຾ډሺᏔύǴ೸ၸႜ৔ӀѺӧ؇ᑈᗭಈ

΢ǴճҔණ৔فࡋޑελٰ௢՗؇ᑈނಈ৩ޑελǴණ৔فࡋຫεǴ؇ᑈނᗭಈ λ;ණ৔فࡋຫλǴ؇ᑈނᗭಈεǶ

ಈ৩ϩ݋ኬҁ߻ೀ౛؁ᡯǺ 1. ڗኬǺ

ऊ 0.3 լޑ؇ᑈނǴܫΕᚆЈᆅύ 2. ࢱᡶǺ

уΕ 40ml RO НǴᚆЈ 5000rpmǵ3 ϩដǴॹр΢ቫНኬǶ 3. ѐԖᐒނǺ

ஒуΕᚈ਼Н(15%)ޑᚆЈᆅǴܫΕຬॣݢ᎜ᕏᐒύٿϺࡕǴуΕ 40ml RO НǴ ᚆЈ 5000rpmǵ3 ϩដǴࢱᚈ਼НӅٿԛǶ

4. ѐᅹለᡶǺ

25

ஒуΕᡶለ(10%)ޑᚆЈᆅǴܫΕຬॣݢ᎜ᕏᐒύ΋ϺࡕǶҔуΕ 40ml RO НǴ ᚆЈ 5000rpmǵ3 ϩដǴࢱᡶለӅΟԛǴճҔ၂રዴᇡࢂցࢱృǶ

5. ΢ᐒǺ

уΕϤୃᕗለ໊(1%)7.5ml ࡕջё΢ᐒǶ

2.2.4 ຬໆ

Pb ۓԃ

ຬໆ²¹⁰Pbۓԃখ໒ۈࣁ Goldberg (1986)٬ҔܭӇ޻ኬҁǴԜࡕԜБݤ೏ቶݱ ޑ٬Ҕӧ෫ݲϷੇࢩ؇ᑈނۓԃ΢Ƕ

კΜ΋ Uranium-238 ိᡂᗗǶ(ЇҔԾ USGS)

210Pbࣁ²³⁸U࿶ၸ΋سӈ૰ᡂࡕȐკΜ΋ȑǴౢғޑηਡᅿǶҗܭ²¹⁰Pbޑъ૰

යࣁ 22.3 ԃЪࣁᒃᗭಈਡᅿǴ٬ځԋࣁෳۓ౜ж؇ᑈނȐɦ150 ԃȑϐ؇ᑈೲ౗

኱ྗБݤǶӧ΋ঁ࠾ഈس಍ύǴ྽҆ਡᅿޑъ૰යᇻεܭηਡᅿǴٿޣࢲࡋܭ΋

26

ۓਔ໔ࡕ཮ၲډ҉Шѳᑽ(secular equilibrium)ǴԶ²²⁶Raᆶ²¹⁰PbջԖԜᜢ߯Ƕ ܭჴሞੇࢩ߄ቫ؇ᑈނύෳளϐ ²¹⁰Pb ࢲࡋଯܭ ²²⁶RaǴຬрޑࢲࡋᆀࣁຬໆ (excess)Ǵ߄ҢԜᕉნόࢂ΋࠾ഈس಍ǴԶࢂԖѦӧӢનᏤठ²¹⁰PbࢲࡋޑቚуǶ

ੇࢩ؇ᑈނύຬໆ²¹⁰PbЬाԖΟঁٰྍǺ(1)ε਻ޑଳǵᔸ؇फ़ᒡΕǴ(2)ੇН ύ²²⁶Ra૰ᡂౢғޑ²¹⁰PbǴ(3)ݞࢬᒡрǶ

210PbޑीᆉǺ

ճҔ²¹⁰Pbࢲࡋᆶుࡋޑᜢ߯Ǵаჹࢬ—ᘉණኳԄीᆉ؇ᑈނ؇ᑈϷషӝೲ౗Ƕ аΠࣁीᆉࢬำǺ

ჹࢬᆶᘉණኳԄ

߲^ଶܥ

߲ܼ^ଶ െ ߲ܵܥ

߲ܼെ ߣܥ ൌ Ͳሺͳሻ DǺషӝೲ౗ (cm²/yr)

SǺ؇ᑈೲ౗ (cm/yr)ǵ፦ໆಕᑈೲ౗(g/cm²/yr) ZǺኬҁుࡋ (cm)ǵ፦ໆుࡋ(g/cm²)

CǺ²¹⁰Pbӧుࡋ Z ਔޑࢲࡋ (dpm/g) λǺ²¹⁰Pbိᡂதኧ 0.0311 yr^-1

ଷ೛Ǵ

Z=0ਔǴC=C0(ջ۟޻؇ᑈނύ²¹⁰Pbex ࢲࡋ߃ۈॶ)ǹZ→∞ਔǴC=0(ջ۟޻ుࡋᖿ ܭคज़εਔǴ²¹⁰Pbexࢲࡋࣁ 0)Ǵ߾ C ޑှࣁǺ

 ൌ _଴‡š’ ቆ െ ξ^ଶ൅ Ͷɉ

ʹ ቇ ሺʹሻ

܈

Ž ൌ Ž_଴൅ െ ξ^ଶ൅ Ͷɉ

ʹ ሺ͵ሻ ճҔࢲࡋჹుࡋբკǴளډޑ௹౗ࣁ െ ξ^ଶ൅ Ͷɉ

ʹ Ƕ

ԶԜБำԄԖٿঁ҂ޕኧȐS Ϸ DȑǴନΑ²¹⁰PbѦᗋሡाќ΋ਡᅿଛӝǴωૈϩձ

ीᆉр S Ϸ DǶ

ӧीᆉ؇ᑈೲ౗ਔǴऩଷ೛؇ᑈނషӝೲ౗ࣁ႟ (D=0)ǴБำԄ (1)ёׯቪԋ

െ^డ஼

డ௓െ ߣܥ ൌ ͲሺͶሻ

27

Զ C ှ߾ёᙁϯࣁǴ

 ൌ _଴‡š’ ൬െɉ

൰ ሺͷሻ

܈

Ž ൌ Ž_଴െɉ

ሺ͸ሻ ӢԜࢲࡋჹుࡋբკਔǴளډޑ௹౗ջࣁ െߣ

ǶӢ ɉ ࣁςޕǴ߾ёа؃р Ƕ

Ԝ؃ளϐ؇ᑈೲ౗ࣁ߄ᢀ؇ᑈೲ౗(apparent sedimentation rate)Ǵࣁ؇ᑈೲ౗നεॶǶ ӵ۟޻ύ֖Ԗ٣ҹቫ؇ᑈނǴӧ؇ᑈೲ౗ޑीᆉ΢཮ԌନځቫՏǴӆ຾Չ؇ᑈೲ

౗ीᆉǶ

210PbޑෳໆࢂճҔα ૈ᛼ሺ(α-spectrometry)Ǵа²⁰⁹PoࣁҢᙫᏊीෳ²¹⁰Pb ޑηਡ ᅿ²¹⁰Po܌ளǶ

ࢲࡋीᆉБำԄǴӵΠ

ܥ

ܥ

ൈ ܵ

ܹ ൈ ݁

ൈ ݁

ୖኧǺ

ܥ_ଶଵ଴Ǻ²¹⁰Po ᕴीኧ ܥ_ଶ଴ଽǺ²⁰⁹Po ᕴीኧ

ܵ_ଶ଴ଽǺబуϐ²⁰⁹PoҢᙫᏊޑࢲࡋ

Ǻ؇ᑈނख़ໆ

ߣ_{ଶଵ଴ು೚}Ǻ²¹⁰Po ૰ᡂதኧ ߣ_{ଶଵ଴ು್}Ǻ²¹⁰Pb ૰ᡂதኧ

ݐ_{௖௢௨௡௧௜௡௚}Ǻ΢ᐒෳໆਔ໔

ݐ_{௣௟௔௧௜௡௚}ǺᗓТਔ໔

ݐ_{௦௔௠௣௟௜௡௚}Ǻ௦ኬਔ໔

΢ॊࣁ²¹⁰PbᕴࢲࡋޑीᆉǴԶ²¹⁰Pbtotal=²¹⁰Pbsupported+²¹⁰PbexcessǴ²¹⁰Pb supported

ࣁ؇ᑈނύவ ²²⁶Ra ૰ᡂౢғޑ ²¹⁰PbǴёճҔ۟޻ύς૰ᡂԿۓॶޑङඳॶբࣁ

210PbsupportedࢲࡋǶ

28

ჴᡍ؁ᡯǺ

1. ӧλڴᗙύуΕऊ 0.5g ؇ᑈނኬҁǴܫΕ੗ጃύуྕ 105ɗԿ႖ВǶ

2. ஒуྕ 105ɗޑኬҁǴவ੗ጃύ৾рગख़ࡕӆܫΕଯྕ᝗ύуྕ 550ɗԿϿ 6 λਔа΢Ƕ

3. ஒуྕ 550ɗޑኬҁǴவଯྕ᝗৾рગख़Ƕ

4. ྗഢ៓ࢧᓪ݆Ǵ٩ׇ኱ဦǴуΕऊ 0.1g²⁰⁹PoҢᙫᏊ٠ᆒગख़ໆࡕуΕ؇ᑈނ ኬҁύǶ

5. ஒ៓ࢧᓪ݆ܫډу዗ᆵ΢ǴуΕฮለ(HNO3)ऊ 5mlǴуྕ 150ɗऊ 1~2 λਔǶ 6. уΕణࢧለ(HF)ऊ 5mlǴуྕ 150ɗܫ࿼႖ڹǶ

7. уΕၸෛለ(HClO4)ऊ 1~2mlǴуྕ 180ɗऊ 6-8 λਔǶ

8. ஒྋనаྕࡋ 150ɗ໒ᇂฆଳࡕǴуΕऊ 15ml ޑ RO НǴӆуΕ਽Н(NH4OH)

٬ྋనύکǴ٠٬Ҕҡᑮ၂રዴᇡྋనࢂցύکֹӄǴӧύکޑၸำύ཮Ԗ

໳ලՅޑ؇ᐘނౢғǴஒྋనϷ؇ᐘނॹΕᚆЈᆅύ

ɀݙཀǺӵ݀ஒྋనฆԿ੘ขǴӆуΕ 5ml ޑฮለǴܫ࿼у዗ᆵ΢уᇂуྕǴྋనև౜໳

Յࡕջёӆ໒ᇂฆଳǶ

9. ࢱ਽НǴஒᚆЈᆅ္ޑྋనуΕ 30ml RO НǴᚆЈ 5000rpmǵ3 ϩដǴӅ 4 ԛǶ 10. ዴᇡค਽НښࡕǴуΕ 2ml 9N ᡶለ(HCl)ԿᚆЈᆅύǴ᎜ᕏǴܫ࿼႖ВǶ 11. ஒኬҁྋనа RO НۓໆԿ 20ml ࡕǴӆуΕ 1ml 9N ᡶለ(HCl)ԿᚆЈᆅύǴ

٠ዴᇡ؇ᐘނֹӄྋှǶ

12. ѐନᚇ፦ǴᚆЈ 5000rpmǵ3 ϩដǴӅ 1 ԛǶ

13. ᗉխᚇ፦ॹΕǴᚆЈᆅύޑྋన໪λЈӦॹΕᐨ݆ύǴуΕᆢдڮ CǴ٬ྋన և౜మᅒ೸ܴރᄊǶ

14. ܫΕς኱ҢဦዸሌТǴа 85-90ɗ዗ᗓ 1-2 λਔǶ

15. ஒሌТڗрǴճҔ RO Нమࢱ߄य़ǴӆаЧ✉మࢱ΋ԛǴሌТබଳࡕǴջё΢

ᐒǶ

29

16. ς࿶Ҕֹޑ៓ࢧᓪ݆ሡуΕ 5ml ฮለǴለࢱၸࡕǴωёӆ຾ՉჴᡍǶ

ຬໆ

Pb ᓯໆ(inventory)ीᆉ

 ൌ ෍ ܯ ൈ ܣ_ூ

௡

௜ୀ଴

IǺinventory (dpm/cm²) MǺmass (g/cm²)

AǺactivity of ²¹⁰Pbexcess(dpm/g) iǺinterval (cm)

౛ፕ΢؇ᑈނவݞο໺ᒡډੇࢩਔǴ؇ᑈނӧ࣬߈ੇୱϷНుೀޑ ²¹⁰Pbexcess

ಕᑈໆ(ᓯໆ)࣬՟ǴՠӢੇࢬϷӦ׎ቹៜǴ٬؇ᑈނޑ୴ᑈ୔ୱԖ܌όӕǶӢԜճ Ҕ؇ᑈނύຬໆ²¹⁰PbޑᓯໆǴКၨᓯໆ΢ޑৡ౦ջёளډ؇ᑈނЬा୴ᑈՏ࿼ޑ ϩѲ௃׎Ƕ

30

ಃΟക ჴᡍ่݀

ҁࣴزճҔ 2006 ԃԿ 2015 ԃᕴӅ 31 ૐԛǵ178 Ѝ۟޻Ǵ຾Չಈ৩ǵ֖Нໆǵ

؇ᑈೲ౗ǵᓯໆ฻ၗ਑ϩ݋Ϸ᏾ӝǴ٠ճҔԜၗ਑ᛤᇙᆵ᡼ՋࠄੇୱӚঁ؇ᑈނ

܄፦ϐޜ໔ϩѲǴ٠຾΋؁૸ፕ୔ୱϣ؇ᑈނޑ໺ᒡᐒڋǶҁࣴز٬Ҕၗ਑х֖

߻Γϩ݋ኬҁමᓉە(2009)ǵᎄӿ໡(2012)ǵጰۧଈ(2014)ǵഋࢅ׍(2014)ϷύѧӦ

፦ፓࢗ܌Ծ 2004 ԃଆ௢୏ϐ΋سӈϺฅ਻Нӝނፓࢗीฝԋ݀Ƕ

3.1 ؇ᑈނಈ৩ϩ݋

3.1.1 ಈ৩ύॶ(median)

؇ᑈނಈ৩ύॶޜ໔ϩѲ่݀ᡉҢǴ୔ୱϣ؇ᑈނಈ৩ύॶऊౣՏܭ 6-7phi ϐ໔Ǵಉᗭಈ؇ᑈނ(3-5phi)Ьाр౜ܭ΢೽ഌැǵΠܽቧࣧӦǵࡡࡾੇૉܿୁ฻

Οঁ୔ୱ(კΜΒ)Ƕ΢೽ഌැϐಉᗭಈ؇ᑈނϩѲ௢ෳёૈচӢԖΒǴ΋ࣁමЎྛ

܌ᒡрϐಉᗭಈ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈܭԜ୔ୱǴΒࣁᆵࠄѦੇ؅ࢪϐۯ՜Ƕҗܭܽቧ৙ك ᓐ೽٠҂ೱௗЬाݞοගٮ؇ᑈނٰྍǴ௢ෳ྽วғ٣ҹؠ্ਔǴಉᗭಈ؇ᑈނ

཮ᒿ๱ܽቧ৙ك໺ᒡǵ୴ᑈԿΠܽቧࣧӦύǶࡡࡾੇૉܿୁ؇ᑈނǴ௢ෳёૈࢂ

வੇૉ஝༥܈ٰԾࡡࡾъ৞ύѧξેനࠄᆄ؇ᑈނᒡрԶ୴ᑈܭԜǶ

3.1.2 ిᒧࡋ(sorting)

ిᒧࡋޑϩ݋ගٮךॺёа຾΋؁ܴқ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡਔНࢬ୏ΚǴკΜΟᡉҢ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނЬाӧଯࡀ৙كٿୁࣧӦϷుੇੇࣧిᒧࡋၨӳǴଯࡀ৙كٿୁ

ࣧӦϷుੇੇࣧаᝌੌ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈࣁЬǴߦ٬ځ؇ᑈᗭಈిᒧࡋၨ٫Ƕ

31

3.2 ؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋϩ݋

3.2.1 ಍ᡏஏࡋ(Bulk density)

؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋᆶ؇ᑈނޑಈ৩ελᆶ֖НໆӭჲԖᜢǶკΜѤύёаว౜Ǵ ߈۞ഌැᆶ΢೽ഌڵೀ؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋॶၨଯǴ௢ෳᏤӢܭ؇ᑈނಈ৩ॶၨεǴ

٬؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋ࣬ჹၨଯǶќ΋Бय़ǴՏܭ΢೽௹ڵ҃ᆄೀ؇ᑈނΨёૈӢੇ

׉ઇᚯ (؇ᑈނྖ༥ǵख़Κࢬǵ፦ໆࢬ฻)ǴᏤठ؇ᑈނಥНԶ೷ԋၨଯ಍ᡏஏࡋǶ

3.3 ؇ᑈނ

Pb ۓԃϩ݋

3.3.1 ᓯໆϩѲკ

ᆵ᡼Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނЬाٰྍࣁǴٰԾଯࡀྛϐᒡрǶߚ٣ҹਔයǴ؇ᑈނ ޑ୴ᑈᔈ၀வഌැډѦࢩᘉණǵሀ෧ǶճҔႉъ૰යࣁ 22.3 ԃǴ՗ᆉ 150 ԃ໔

210Pbexcess ᓯໆǴёаΑှ୔ୱύ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈໆϐ࣬ჹᜢ߯ǶკΜϖύᡉҢǴՋࠄ

ੇୱ؇ᑈނЬाٿঁ୴ᑈ୔ୱǴϩձՏܭଯࡀ৙كٿୁᆶΠܽቧࣧӦǶ

3.3.2 ୴ᑈໆϩѲკ

೸ၸ۟޻ύ؇ᑈނޑಈ৩ύॶୃಉǵᕴႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋୃեǵ֖ࣳໆКٯε൯ ቚуᆶ X Ӏឪቹύᐜࢬ٣ҹቫբࣁ٣ҹޑղᘐǶीᆉ۟޻ύޑߚ٣ҹਔයᕴӅಕ ᑈޑ؇ᑈނໆǴளډၸѐ 150 ԃ໔ߚ٣ҹ؇ᑈނϐ୴ᑈໆࣁ 632Mt/km²ǶԶӧߚ٣ ҹਔය؇ᑈނЬाΨࢂ୴ᑈܭଯࡀ৙كٿୁࣧӦ(კΜϤ)Ƕ೸ၸ²¹⁰Pbexcessওय़ёள ޕ؇ᑈނܭ 150 ԃ໔ᕴ୴ᑈుࡋǴಕу؇ᑈނӧԜుࡋΠϐӚుࡋಕᑈ፦ໆջள

32

ډԜઠՏ؇ᑈނϐᕴ୴ᑈໆ(ߚ٣ҹਔයɠ٣ҹਔය)ࣁ 1922 Mt/km²ǴளډՋࠄੇ

ୱ؇ᑈނᕴ୴ᑈໆޜ໔ϩѲკǶკΜΎύёа࣮р؇ᑈނЬा୴ᑈܭഌැӦ୔Ǵ Кၨߚ٣ҹϷ٣ҹޑ୴ᑈໆ຾΋؁ᡉҢрՋࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނٰྍЬाڙ௓ܭ٣ҹޑ วғǴ֨஥εໆ؇ᑈނᒡଌԿѦੇǶ

3.3.3 ؠ্୴ᑈϩѲკ

೸ၸ؇ᑈނޑಈ৩ύॶǵᕴႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯᆶ۟޻ X Ӏ ឪቹǴёගٮךॺ׳ӭၗૻҔаղᘐ۟޻္܌૶ᒵډዴϪޑ٣ҹቫՏǶ೸ၸ٣ҹ ቫՏಕᑈ፦ໆޑीᆉǴё຾΋؁૸ፕ٣ҹ؇ᑈނܭՋࠄੇୱ୴ᑈޑ௃ݩϷ໺ᒡБ ӛǶ

კΜΖࣁࡀܿӦ᎜ύ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈໆޑϩѲǴ೸ၸԜკёа࣮рࡀܿӦ᎜؇ᑈ ނЬाࢂ٩ൻܽቧੇۭ৙كǴ࿶ΠܽቧࣧӦᆶΠࢤଯࡀੇۭ৙ك໺ᒡԿుੇǶԶ ವ܎լረ॥؇ᑈނ୴ᑈՏ࿼߾ᒥൻ๱ଯࡀੇۭ৙كǴ΋ၡԿుੇੇࣧȐკΒΜѤȑǶ ԜѦܭ OR5-1302-2-MT7 Ϸ OR1-1070-C8 ٿઠՏ۟޻ࣣ૶ᒵډٰԾࡀܿӦ᎜Ϸವ

܎լረ॥ޑ٣ҹ؇ᑈނǴ߄Ң྽Ԗᜪ՟ܭࡀܿӦ᎜Ϸವ܎լረ॥ӵԜεೕኳ٣ҹ ޑวғਔǴ؇ᑈނ཮೸ၸ৙ك໺ᒡԿుੇੇࣧύǶԜѦٿ஭კΨᡉҢረ॥ਔය٣ ҹ؇ᑈނЬा೸ၸଯࡀੇۭ৙ك໺ᒡǴԶӦ᎜٣ҹ؇ᑈނ߾Ьा೸ၸܽቧੇۭ৙

ك຾Չ໺ᒡǴҗܭ໺ᒡޑ೼৩όӕԶځ୴ᑈՏ࿼ΨόӕǶ

33

კΜΒ ؇ᑈނಈ৩ύॶϩѲკǶphi ຫλ߄Ң؇ᑈಈ࿶εǹϸϐǴphi ॶຫε߄ Ң؇ᑈಈ৩λǴკύ໵ᗺࣁઠՏǶ

34

კΜΟ ؇ᑈނಈ৩ిᒧࡋϩѲკǶᚑՅவᙔԿआՅж߄ిᒧࡋॶեԿଯǴిᒧ ࡋኧॶե߾߄ҢిᒧࡋؼӳǹϸϐǴిᒧࡋኧॶଯ߾߄ҢిᒧࡋৡǴკύ໵ᗺࣁ ઠՏǶ

35

კΜѤ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋϩѲკǶᚑՅவᙔԿआՅǴж߄؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏ ࡋவեԿଯǴკύ໵ᗺࣁઠՏǶ

36

კΜϖ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނ²¹⁰PbexcessᓯໆϩѲკǶᚑՅவᙔԿआՅǴж߄²¹⁰Pbexcess

ᓯໆவեԿଯǴკύ໵ᗺࣁઠՏǶ

37

კΜϤ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނߚ٣ҹਔය؇ᑈނ୴ᑈໆϩѲკǶᚑՅவᙔԿआՅǴж ߄؇ᑈނಕᑈ፦ໆவեԿଯǴკύ໵ᗺࣁઠՏǶ

38

კΜΎ Ջࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނᕴ୴ᑈໆϩѲკǶᚑՅவᙔԿआՅǴж߄؇ᑈނಕᑈ፦

ໆவեԿଯǴკύ໵ᗺࣁઠՏǶ

39

კΜΖ ՋࠄੇୱԖ૶ᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐ۟޻Ǵځಕᑈ፦ໆ(g/cm2)ϩѲკǶಕᑈ፦ໆ ޑଯե٩ׇࣁआՅǵ໳ՅǵᆘՅǵ๋ՅǶ೸ၸ߄(Β)ёа׳మཱӚ۟޻ϐಕᑈ፦ໆǶ

40

߄Β इᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐӚ۟޻ၗ਑Ƕ௨ӈ໩ׇࣁ٩Ᏽ؇ᑈނҗഌැԿుੇ໺ᒡБ ӛǶ୴ᑈుࡋࣁ૶ᒵܭ۟޻ޑϦϩኧǴ؇ᑈނܭԜుࡋ୴ᑈϐ፦ໆǴջᆀբಕᑈ

፦ໆǶ

ૐԛ ઠՏ ࿶ࡋ ጎࡋ ୴ᑈుࡋ

(cm)

ಕᑈ፦ໆ (g/cm²) OR1-893 GCC 120.582 22.203 23-75 62.54 OR1-915 8 120.4795 22.10933 5-17 17.97 OR1-923 B6 120.3178 21.95817 9-12 3.37 OR5-1302-2 MT7 120.0887 21.3045 13-21 7.2

OR1-1070 C8 120.2313 21.0550 10-23 12.18

კΜΐ OR1-893-GCC ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋǵ

֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐుࡋǶ(ၗ਑ٰྍǺ ᎄӿ໡Ǵ2012)Ƕ

41

კΒΜ OR1-915-8 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋǵ

֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐుࡋǶ

კΒΜ΋ OR1-923-B6 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐుࡋǶ

42

კΒΜΒ OR5-1302-MT7 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝

ࢲࡋǵᐨѨໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐుࡋǶ(ၗ਑ٰྍǺጰۧ

ଈǴ2014)Ƕ

კΒΜΟ OR1-1070-C8 ۟޻ϐಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋǵ֖Нໆ

ుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵࡀܿӦ᎜ϐుࡋǶ

43

კΒΜѤ ՋࠄੇୱԖ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐ۟޻Ǵځಕᑈ፦ໆ(g/cm2)ϩѲკǶಕᑈ

፦ໆޑଯե٩ׇࣁआՅǵ໳ՅǵᆘՅǵ๋ՅǶ೸ၸ߄Οёа׳మཱӚ۟޻ϐಕᑈ

፦ໆǶ

44

კΒΜϖ ࣁკΒΜΟύ຀ጕ୔ୱܫεࡕǴइᒵವ܎լረ॥۟޻ϐಕᑈ፦ໆϩѲ კǶಕᑈ፦ໆޑଯե٩ׇࣁआՅǵ໳ՅǵᆘՅǵ๋ՅǶ೸ၸ߄Οёа׳మཱӚ۟

޻ϐಕᑈ፦ໆǶ

45

߄Ο इᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐӚ۟޻ၗ਑Ƕ୴ᑈుࡋࣁ૶ᒵܭ۟޻ޑϦϩኧǴ؇ᑈނ ܭԜుࡋ୴ᑈϐ፦ໆǴջࣁಕᑈ፦ໆǶ

ૐԛ ઠՏ ࿶ࡋ ጎࡋ ୴ᑈుࡋ

(cm)

ಕᑈ፦ໆ (g/cm²)

OR1-915

K1 120.41467 22.45817 0-45 68.56 K15K 120.204 22.00817 0-13 17.09 L11 120.25847 22.33250 0-7 8.36

L9 120.3613 22.184 0-19 24.33 L26 120.2175 22.3952 0-19 24.56

OR1-1032

S1 120.2647 22.18383 0-7 6.11 S2 120.288 22.2135 0-11 9.72 C1 120.3263 22.31728 0-12 12.56 H2 120.4182 22.3118 0-13 14.85 S3 120.2905 22.21583 0-7 6.62 S4 120.2969 22.22415 0-11 11.28 S6 120.3048 22.23567 0-15 15.7 S7 120.3075 22.23792 0-17 18.49 S8 120.3193 22.25228 0-13 14.05 S9 120.3376 22.2766 10-18 11.24 OR1-1070 C8 120.2313 21.055 0-10 8.93 OR5-1302-2 MT7 120.0887 21.3045 0-13 11.56

კΒΜϤ OR1-915-K1 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

46

კΒΜΎ OR1-915-L11 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

კΒΜΖ OR1-915-L26 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

47

კΒΜΐ OR1-1032-H2-G ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝

ࢲࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

48

კΟΜ OR1-1032-C1-1 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

49

კΟΜ΋ OR1-1032-S9 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

50

კΟΜΒ OR1-1032-S8 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

51

კΟΜΟ OR1-1032-S7 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

52

კΟΜѤ OR1-1032-S6 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

53

კΟΜϖ OR1-1032-S4 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

54

კΟΜϤ OR1-1032-S3 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

55

კΟΜΎ OR1-1032-S2 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

კΟΜΖ OR1-1032-S1 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

56

კΟΜΐ OR1-915-L9 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

კѤΜ OR1-915-K15X ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

57

კѤΜ΋ OR1-1032-2-MT7 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋

˝ࢲࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

კѤΜΒ OR1-1070-C8 ۟޻ϐ X Ӏឪቹǵಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲ ࡋǵ֖Нໆుࡋওय़Ƕკύ໳Յ୔ୱࣁ૶ᒵವ܎լረ॥ϐుࡋǶ

58

ಃѤക ૸ፕ

ҁࣴز೸ၸ᏾ӝ 2006 Կ 2015 ԃ໔߻Γᆶբޣ௦ኬϩ݋่݀Ǵख़ཥीᆉՋࠄ

ੇୱӚ໨؇ᑈނୖኧǴ຾΋؁૸ፕ᏾ঁՋࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނୖኧ໔ޑᜢ߯ᆶ٣ҹวғ ਔය؇ᑈނޑ໺ᒡᆶ୴ᑈ௃׎Ƕ

೸ၸᆵ᡼ੇ৙؇ᑈނಈ৩კѤΜϖύǴчෝྛрੇα؇ᑈނಈ৩ಉǴ௢ෳࣴ

ز୔ч೽ϐ΢ഌැ؇ᑈނёૈࣁᆵࠄѦੇࣳࢪϐۯ՜Ǵᆶଯࡀྛ؇ᑈނၨคϼε

࣬ᜢǶ

ӧ؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋБय़Ǵ྽಍ᡏஏࡋεਔёж߄ٿᅿཀကǴ΋ࣁεᗭಈޑ۟

ቫ፦؇ᑈނ೷ԋ؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋεǹΒࣁ֖Нໆեਔ؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋΨ཮࣬ჹၨ

εǶ྽ךॺ຾΋؁མଛಈ৩ύॶޜ໔ϩѲკǴ߾׳మཱ୔ୱ؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋЬा

ࣁڙډϙሶ௓ڋӢનǶܭഌැ΋஥؇ᑈނಈ৩ၨಉǴ߄Ңഌැ୔ୱ؇ᑈނϐ಍ᡏ ஏࡋёૈЬाڙ௓ܭಈ৩ϐελǶԶଯࡀ΢೽௹ڵ؇ᑈނಈ৩ಒǴёૈ߄ҢԜ୔

ୱ؇ᑈނёૈӢԜ୔ୱڙډݝೣΕᡏ(კѤΜΟ)ޑቹៜ٬ள؇ᑈނԖಥНբҔǴߦ

٬؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋॶεǶ

ҁࣴز೸ၸ²¹⁰PbexcessᓯໆϐीᆉǴளډ؇ᑈނܭՋࠄੇୱԖٿঁЬा୴ᑈ୔Ǵ ϩձࣁଯࡀ৙كٿୁϷΠܽቧࣧӦǶՏܭଯࡀ৙كٿୁϐ୴ᑈೀ่݀ᆶ Huh et al.

(2009)ϐ่ፕ΋ठȐკѤΜϤȑǴՠҁࣴزࡰрନଯࡀੇۭ৙كٿୁǴܽቧੇۭ৙

كΨࢂќ΋ख़ा୴ᑈ୔Ƕ

ҁࣴزճҔ۟޻ύᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋեǵX ӀឪቹύᐜࢬቫՏǵಈ৩ύॶܴ

59

ᡉಉᗭಈǵ֖ࣳໆεቚޑղᘐჹܭ٣ҹϷߚ٣ҹբࣁ୔ձǶ೸ၸߚ٣ҹ؇ᑈቫՏ

ीᆉՋࠄੇୱϐѳВ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈໆǴளډӧ <150 ԃϣѳВ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈໆࣁ 632Mt/km²Ǵ೭٤؇ᑈނЬाࢂݞࢬᒡрϐᝌੌ؇ᑈނᙖҗዊԤǵੇࢬ฻բҔ೴؁

ӛѦੇᘉණ؇ᑈ(კΜΖ)ǶკΜΐ߾ж߄؇ᑈނӧх֖ߚ٣ҹϷ٣ҹ؇ᑈբҔΠǴ

؇ᑈނᕴ୴ᑈໆޑϩѲ௃ݩǴीᆉᕴ୴ᑈໆࣁ 1922Mt/km²Ǵ՞ଯࡀྛ؇ᑈނѳ֡

ԃ໺ᒡໆޑ 40%Ƕᆶߚ٣ҹ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈໆӧޜ໔ϩѲᆶኧໆ΢ৡ౦ࣗᇻǴ௢ෳՋ ࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈЬाࢂڙ௓ܭ٣ҹޑቹៜǴவკύΞӕኬёаว౜Ջࠄੇୱ؇

ᑈނϐЬा୴ᑈ୔ୱࣁଯࡀੇۭ৙كٿୁϷΠܽቧࣧӦǶ

ࡀܿӦ᎜ᆶವ܎լረ॥٣ҹ؇ᑈނಕᑈ፦ໆϩѲკύȐკΒΜ΋ǴკΒΜϖȑǴ ёа࣮рረ॥٣ҹΠ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡࣁ೸ၸଯࡀྛ஥Εଯࡀ৙كǴ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈܭ৙ك ٿୁǶԶӦ᎜٣ҹΠǴ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡЬाᙖҗܽቧੇۭ৙ك໺ᒡǶӧವ܎լረ॥٣ ҹ؇ᑈނಕᑈ፦ໆϩѲკύǴᆶკѤΜϤੇ඾ረ॥܌૶ᒵډ۟޻ޑઠՏ(Huh et al., 2009)Ǵځ୴ᑈ୔ୱऊౣ΋ठǴࣣϩѲӧଯࡀ৙كٿୁǶӧࡀܿӦ᎜߻ࡕܭଯࡀ৙

كύࢤख़ፄ௦ኬǴᆶკ c ύКၨ߻ࡕૐԛᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋওय़Ǵว౜คࡀܿӦ

᎜܌୴ᑈϐ؇ᑈނ(Su et al., 2012)ǴԜࣴز่݀ᡉҢǴวғࡀܿӦ᎜ਔଯࡀੇۭ৙

ك؇ᑈނࣁ྽Ӧ஝༥Ǵ҂Ԗ؇ᑈނεೕኳவଯࡀ৙ك໺ᒡǶ

OR5-1302-2-MT7 Ϸ OR1-1070-C8 ٿঁઠՏࣣइᒵډࡀܿӦ᎜аϷವ܎լ॥

ؠ٣ҹǴЪٿޣᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋკ׎΋ठ(კѤΜǴკѤΜΒ)Ǵ۟޻ഗ೽ࣣࣁ ٣ҹቫǴԶ೸ၸಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵ֖Нໆǵ֖ࣳໆКٯύёа୔ձٿঁ٣ҹǶ җܭ OR1-1070-C8 ۟޻ӧϩኬਔǴಈ৩ϩ݋ኬҁ໔਱ࣁ 5cmǴӢԜคݤճҔ֖Н ໆϷಈ৩ܴዴ୔ձٿ٣ҹǴԶࢂ೸ၸ OR5-1302-2-MT7 ܌ளډϐၗ਑ٰ୔ϩǶ೸ၸ ೭ٿঁઠՏǴ຾΋؁ᡣךॺܴқǴ྽Ԗᜪ՟ܭࡀܿӦ᎜Ϸವ܎լረ॥ೕኳϐ٣ҹǴ ځ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡ཮΋ၡ୴ᑈԿుੇǴЪ୴ᑈࠆࡋऊౣࣣࣁ 10cmǴҗܭుੇКၨό৒

60

ܰڙډᕉნᘋ୏Ǵωёа૶ᒵډεೕኳ٣ҹޑ୴ᑈǶ

კѤΜΟ ୔ୱϣݝೣΕᡏϩѲკǶ(Lin et al., 2008)

61

კѤΜѤ ࡀܿӦ᎜߻ࡕ۟޻ওय़КၨǶ(a)OR1-785-BC2ǵOR1-785-GC2A ᆶ OR1-851-GCCઠՏᗺ(b)OR1-785-BC2ǵOR1-785-GC2A ۟޻ϐಈ৩ύॶǵిᒧࡋǵ ᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋওय़(c) OR1-785-BC2 ᆶ OR1-851-GCC ᕴໆႉ-Β΋˝ࢲࡋওय़ ޑКၨǶ

߄Ѥ OR1-785-BC2ǵOR1-785-GC2A ᆶ OR1-851-GCC ۟޻ઠՏၗ਑߄Ƕ

ૐԛ ઠՏ ௦ኬਔ໔ ௦ኬБԄ

OR1-0785 2A 2006/3/12 09:40 B.C OR1-0785 2A 2006/3/12 09:40 G.C OR1-0851 GCC 2007/12/8 04:20 G.C

62

კѤΜϖ ᆵ᡼ੇ৙؇ᑈނಈ৩ϩѲკǶ(໳Ͽᖚ ᆶ ᝵ד݇, 2010)

63

კѤΜϤ ۟޻ύ૶ᒵੇ඾ረ॥٣ҹ؇ᑈނϐઠՏϩѲკǶआՅ߄ҢԖ૶ᒵઠՏǶ (Huh et al., 2009)

64

ಃϖക ่ፕ

Ջࠄੇୱ؇ނಈ৩ύॶࣁ 6-7phiǴԶଯࡀഌැǵΠܽቧ৙كǵࡀܿੇૉԜΟ୔

༧ಈ৩ύॶࣁ 4-5phiǴಉᗭಈ؇ᑈނЬा୴ᑈܭഌැǶҗܭଯࡀഌැ؇ᑈނಈ৩ၨ

ಉǴ٬؇ᑈނ಍ᡏஏࡋଯǴ࣬ϸޑՏܭ΢೽ଯࡀഌڵϐ؇ᑈނڀԖၨଯޑ಍ᡏஏ ࡋࠅԖၨಒޑύॶಈ৩ǴᡉҢёૈᆶ؇ᑈނԖಥНբҔԖᜢǶ

Huh et al. (2009)ࣴزࡰрǴՋࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނЬा୴ᑈܭଯࡀ৙كٿୁǴҁࣴز

຾΋؁ว౜ΠܽቧࣧӦࣁќ΋ख़ा؇ᑈނ୴ᑈ୔Ǵ٠Ъ᛾ܴՋࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈ Ьाڙ௓ܭ٣ҹ؇ᑈբҔޑቹៜǶ

Ӧ᎜Ϸረ॥٣ҹΠՋࠄੇୱ؇ᑈނ໺ᒡᐒڋԖ܌όӕǴҗܭܽቧੇۭ৙كᓐ

೽୔ୱӦ፦ၨόᛙۓǴ΋ՠวғӦ᎜Ǵջёૈ཮วғβᝆనϯǴ٠೸ၸܽቧੇۭ

৙ك໺ᒡనϯϐ࿗৕ࢬ؇ᑈނǴ٠୴ᑈԿΠБޑܽቧࣧӦǶଯࡀੇۭ৙كࣁഌ΢

ଯࡀྛޑۯ՜Ǵ྽ረ॥٣ҹวғਔǴଯࡀྛ཮֨஥εໆ؇ᑈނᒡрԿଯࡀੇۭ৙

كǴ؇ᑈނջ୴ᑈܭଯࡀੇۭ৙كٿୁ܈຾΋؁ᙖҗ৙ك໺ᒡԿుੇੇࣧǶᙖҗ

ుੇੇࣧᛙۓᕉნϷమཱ૶ᒵϐ٣ҹ؇ᑈނ୴ᑈǴ٬ளךॺ׳ܴқ؇ᑈނനಖޑ ࢬӛǶ

65

ୖԵЎ᝘

मЎ೽ϩ

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ύЎ೽ϩ

ഋࢅ׍, 2014, ᆵ᡼ՋࠄѦੇख़Κࢬ୴ᑈނϐёૈނྍ, ୯ҥᆵ᡼εᏢੇࢩࣴز܌

ᅺγፕЎ 79 p.

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ز܌ᅺγፕЎ, 76 p.

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ᆛ।೽ϩ

http://www.usgs.gov/ ऍ୯Ӧ፦ፓֽࢗ (United States Geological Survey,USGS) http://www.wra.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=20085&CtNode=7773 ࿶ᔮ೽Нճ࿿ଯࡀྛ