作記憶，5,7-DHT (25 µg/brain)於訓練前7天縫核 (raph)給藥會造 成大鼠於水迷宮參考、工作記憶之障礙，而梓醇於學習操作腦室 給予(CAT 10 µg/brain i.c.v.)，亦不具改善5,7-DHT (25 µg/brain)造 成大鼠於水迷宮參考、工作記憶之再學習與記憶再現障礙(如Fig.
5,7-DHT 25µg/brain CAT 10µg/brain+5,7-DHT
Time to hidden platform(sec)
Days
Fig. 41. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) on the spatial learning in the water maze test in 5,7-DHT treated rats.0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time spent in the target ring (sec)
**
VEH VEH CAT 5,7-DHT (25µg/brain)
Fig. 42. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) on the reference memory in the water maze test in 5,7-DHT-treated rats. (n=12).**P<0.01 compared with VEH group.
0 20 40 60 80 100
V E H
5,7-DHT 25µg/brain
CAT 10µg/brain+5,7-DHT
Reacquisition R e t r i e v a l
Time to hidden platform(sec)
* *
Fig. 43. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) on the working memory in the water maze test in 5,7-DHT-treated rats. (n=12).*P<0.05 compared with VEH group.
2. 梓醇對海馬迴輸注中樞膽鹼神經毒素AF64A誘發水迷宮學
µg/brain i.c.v)，可改善 AF64A (3 µg/brain)造成大鼠於水迷宮參
考、工作記憶之再學習與記憶再現障礙(如 Fig. 45、Fig. 46)。AF64A 3µg/brain
CAT 10µg/brain+AF64A
Time to hidden platform(sec)
#
*
Fig. 44. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) on the spatial learning in the water maze test in AF64A-treated rats. (n=12). *P< 0.05 compared with VEH group. #P < 0.05 compared with AF64A group.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time spent in the target ring (sec)
###
***
VEH VEH CAT AF64A (3µg/brain)
Fig. 45. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the reference memory in the water maze test in AF64A-treated rats. (n=12).
***P < 0.001 compared with VEH group. ###P < 0.001 compared with AF64A/VEH group.
0 10 20 30 40 50
VEH
AF64A 3µg/brain
CAT 10µg/brain +AF64A
Time to hidden platform(sec)
Reacquisition Retrieval
**
#
#
**
Fig. 46. Effects of catalpol (CAT,10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the working memory in the water maze test in AF64A-treated rats. (n=12). **P < 0.01 compared with VEH group. #P < 0.05 compared with AF64A group.
3.梓醇對藍斑核輸注中樞catecholamine 神經毒素6-OHDA誘 發水迷宮學習記憶障礙之影響
6-OHDA (6 µg/brain)於訓練前7天藍斑核 (locus coeruleus)給 藥，水迷宮之學習操作記憶出現障礙，而梓醇於學習操作腦室給 予10
µ
g/brain，可改善6-OHDA (6 µg/brain)造成大鼠於水迷宮學習 操作之障礙 (如Fig. 47)，進一步探討於參考、工作記憶，6-OHDA (6 µg/brain)於訓練前7天locus coeruleus給藥會造成大鼠於水迷宮 參考、工作記憶之障礙，而梓醇於學習操作腦室給予(CAT 10 µg/brain i.c.v.)，可改善6-OHDA (6 µg/brain)造成大鼠於水迷宮參 考、工作記憶之再學習與記憶再現障礙(如Fig. 48、Fig. 49)。CAT 10 mg/brain+6-OHDA
*
#
Time to hidden platform(sec)
Fig. 47. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) on the spatial learning in the water maze test in 6-OHDA-treated rats. (n=12). *P < 0.05 compared with VEH group, #P < 0.05 compared with 6-OHDA group.0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time spent in the target ring (sec)
##
**
VEH VEH CAT 6-OHDA (6 µg/brain)
Fig. 48. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the reference memory in the water maze test in 6-OHDA-treated rats. (n=12).
**P< 0.01 compared with VEH group. ##P< 0.01 compared with 6-OHDA/VEH group.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
VEH
6-OHDA 6µg/brain
CAT 10µg/brain+6-OHDA
Time to hidden platform(sec)
Reacquisition Retrieval
**
**
##
#
Fig. 49. Effects of catalpol (CAT,10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) on the working memory in the water maze test in 6-OHDA-treated rats.(n=12).**P<0.01 compared with VEH group. #P< 0.05, ##P <
0.01 compared with 6-OHDA group.
4. 梓醇對海馬迴輸注腎上腺素 ß 拮抗劑 propranolol 誘發水迷 宮學習記憶障礙之影響
PROP(80 ng/brain)於訓練前雙側海馬回給藥，水迷宮之學習 操作能力出現障礙，而梓醇於學習操作腦室給予(CAT 10 µg/brain i.c.v.)，並不能改善 PROP (80 ng/brain)造成大鼠於水迷宮學習操作 之障礙 ( 如 Fig.50) ， 進 一 步 探 討 於 參 考 、工 作 記 憶 ，PROP
Time to hidden platform(sec)
*
*
Days
Fig. 50. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) on the spatial learning in the water maze test in propranolol (PROP)-treated rats.*P<0.05 compared with VEH group.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
*
Time spent in the target ring (sec)
VEH VEH CAT PROP (80 ng/brain)
Fig. 51. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the reference memory in the water maze test in propranolol (PROP)-treated rats. (n=12). *P< 0.05 compared with VEH group.
0 20 40 60 80 100
VEH
PROP 80ng/brain CAT 10µg/brain+PROP
Time to hidden platform(sec)
Reacquisition Retrieval
*
*
Fig. 52. Effects of catalpol (CAT,10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the working memory in the water maze test in propranolol (PROP)-treated rats. (n=12).
*P<0.05 compared with VEH group.
5.梓醇對海馬迴輸注腎上腺素 a 2 拮抗劑 yohimbine 誘發水迷宮 學習記憶障礙之影響
Yohimbine (YOH，80 ng/brain)於訓練前雙側海馬迴給藥，水迷 宮之學習操作能力出現障礙，而梓醇於學習操作前腦室給予(CAT 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.)，並不能改善 YOH (80 ng/brain)造成大鼠於水迷宮學 習操作之障礙 (如 Fig.53)，進一步探討於參考、工作記憶，YOH (80ng/brain)於訓練前雙側海馬迴給藥會造成大鼠於水迷宮參考、工 作 記 憶 之 障 礙 ， 而 梓 醇 於 學 習 操 作 腦 室 給 予 (CAT 10µ
g/brain i.c.v.) ，並不具改善的作用(如 Fig.54、Fig.55)。由此可知梓醇改善 學習障礙作用與中樞血中樞腎上腺素 a2神經系統無關。Fig. 53. Effects of catalpol (CAT,10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the spatial learning in the water maze test in yohimbine(YOH)-treated rats.
(n=12). *P<0.05 compared with VEH group.
Days
CAT 10µg/brain +YOH
*
*
Time to hidden platform(sec)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
*
Time spent in the target ring (sec)
VEH VEH CAT YOH (80 ng/brain)
Fig. 54. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the reference memory in the water maze test in yohimbine(YOH)-treated rats.
(n=12).*P< 0.05 compared with VEH group.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
140 VEH
YOH 80ng/brain
CAT 10µg/brain +YOH
Time to hidden platform(sec)
Reacquisition Retrieval
***
***
Fig.55. Effects of catalpol (CAT,10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the working memory in the water maze test in yohimbine (YOH)-treatad rats.
(n=12). ***P<0.001 compared with VEH group.
6. 梓醇對海馬迴輸注乙醯膽鹼拮抗劑scopolamine誘發水迷宮 學習記憶障礙之影響
scopolamine(SCOP 3.2 ng/brain)於訓練前雙側海馬迴給藥，水 迷宮之學習操作記憶出現障礙但並不顯著，而梓醇於學習操作腦 室給予(CAT 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) ，可改善scopolamine (SCOP 3.2 ng/brain) 造成大鼠於水迷宮學習操作之障礙但並不顯著(如Fig.56)，進一步探討對參考、工作記憶之影響，scopolamine(SCOP 3.2 ng/brain)於訓練前雙側海馬迴給藥會造成大鼠於水迷宮參考、工 作記憶之障礙，而梓醇於學習操作腦室給予(CAT 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.)，可明顯改善Scopolamine(SCOP 3.2 ng/brain)造成大鼠於水 迷宮參考、工作記憶之再學習與記憶再現障礙(如Fig. 57、Fig.Time to hidden platform
Fig. 56. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the spatial learning in the water maze test in scopolamine (SCOP)-treated rats .
Time spent in the target time (sec)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
***
###
VEH VEH CAT SCOP (3.2 ng/brain)
Fig. 57. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the reference memory in the water maze test in scopolamine (SCOP)
-treated rats. (n=12). ***P< 0.001 compared with VEH group.
###P<0.001 compared with SCOP/VEH group.
Time to hidden platform(sec)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
VEH
SCOP 3.2ng/brain CAT 10µg/brain +SCOP
Reacquisition Retrieval
#
##
***
***
Fig. 58. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) on working memory in the water maze test in scopolamine(SCOP)-treated rats.(n=12).***P< 0.001 compared with VEH group. #P< 0.05, ##P< 0.01 compared with SCOP group.
7. 梓醇對海馬迴輸注腎上腺素 a1拮抗劑 phenoxybenzamine 誘 發水迷宮學習記憶障礙之影響
phenoxybenzamine (PHEN 80 ng/brain)於訓練前雙側海馬迴 給藥，水迷宮之學習操作能力出現障礙，而梓醇於學習操作前 腦室給予(CAT 10
µ
g/brain i.c.v.) ， 能明顯改善 PHEN (80 ng/brain)造成大鼠於水迷宮學習操作之障礙 (如 Fig. 59)，進一 步探討於參考、工作記憶，PHEN (80 ng/brain)於訓練前雙側海 馬回給藥會造成大鼠於水迷宮參考、工作記憶之障礙，而梓醇CAT 10µg/brain +PHEN
Time to hidden platform(sec) ***### ***###
Fig. 59. Effects of catalpol (CAT, 10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the spatial learning in the water maze test in phenoxybenzamine (PHEN)-treatad rats.
***P< 0.001 compared with VEH group .###P< 0.001 compared with PHEN group.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Time spent in the target ring (sec)
*** ##
VEH VEH CAT PHEN (80 ng/brain)
Fig. 60 .Effects of catalpol (CAT 10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the reference memory in the water maze test in phenoxybenzamine (PHEN)-treated rats. (n=12). ***P< 0.001 compared with VEH group. ##P< 0.01 compared with PHEN /VEH group.
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
VEH
PHEN 80ng/brain CAT 10µg/brain+PHEN
Time to hidden platform(sec)
Reacquisition Retrieval
**
**
##
#
Fig. 61. Effects of catalpol (CAT,10 µg/brain i.c.v.) on the working memory in the water maze test in phenoxybenzamine (PHEN)- treated rats.
**P< 0.01 compared with VEH group. #P<0.05, ##P<0.01 compared with PHEN group.