K T S S S S D N D L P A E Y L N 243 CCTCTAGCACGTTCCTGGCCATCACCATCAGATGGAATTTCCAATG 1045 P L A R S W P S P S D G I S N 302 GTTCATCAAGCTTAAGCAGCAAATTGTATTCACCAGCTACATATGA 1091 G S S S L S S K L Y S P A T Y D 318 TGAAGAGCCTGAAACTGCAGATATGGACCCTGATCTTGCAAGATA 1136 E E P E T A D M D P D L A R Y 333 CTTGAATCGTTCATACTGGGAAGATAGACATGAACAGCAGTCATAC 1182 L N R S Y W E D R H E Q Q S Y 348 CCTCCTCCATTTGCNCCAGAACAATTAGTGAGTGATGGTCCAGCN 1227 P P P F A P E Q L V S D G P A 363 CCTTATAGCAATCACGCAGAGGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
P Y S N H A E E K K K K K K K AAAAAAAA K K
圖 1.
ApHRS 的部分 cDNA 序列和預測的胺基酸序列。轉譯起始密碼子 用粗體表示。55kDa 43kDa 34kDa 26kDa
17kDa 10kDa SP TP
圖 2.
藉由西方點墨法來分析 ApHRS 於美麗海葵蛋白質樣品的表現情 形。使用一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：5,000 稀釋比) 和二抗 HRP-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (1：10,000 稀釋比)來偵測 ApHRS 蛋白質。SP，是指美 麗海葵 soluble proteins (1.35 μg/μl)；TP，指美麗海葵 total proteins (1.77 μg/μl) 。跑於 14 % SDS-PAGE，詳細步驟見材料方法。N
N ApHRS 實驗組
A. B. C.
ApHRS 二抗控制組
D. E. F.
圖 3.
美麗海葵 HRS 蛋白(ApHRS)胞內分佈的免疫螢光染色分析。實驗組使用一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：100 稀釋比) 和二抗 cy3-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (1：400 稀釋比)來標定美麗海葵細胞內生性的 ApHRS (A,B,C)。而控制組不使用一抗 rat anti-ApHRS 且只加二抗 cy3-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (1：400 稀釋比)來執行此實驗(D,E,F)。箭號，是指共生 小體的膜。N，是指宿主細胞的核。A 和 D，是指明視野下拍攝。B 和 E，
是指 UV 光下拍攝。C 和 F，是指綠光下拍攝。Bar：10 μm。
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
0 10 30 60 120
DCMU處理時間(分鐘) ApHRS免疫螢光訊號之共生小體的 比例
圖 4.
DCMU 處理與共生小體染上 ApHRS 免疫螢光訊號的比例分析。使 用一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：150 稀釋比)，而二抗 cy3-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (1：400 稀釋比)來辨識美麗海葵細胞內生性的 ApHRS。橫軸是 DCMU 處理時間(濃度為 4~5 μM)，有五個時間點(0，10，30，60 和 120 分鐘)，縱軸是具有 ApHRS 免疫螢光訊號的共生小體的比例。
ApHRS (A) ApRab5 (B) Merge (C)
ApHRS (D) ApRab5 (E) Merge (F)
圖 5.
以二重免疫螢光染色法分析美麗海葵宿主細胞內的 ApHRS 和 ApRab5 分佈情形。同時加入一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：100 稀釋比) 和 rabbit anti-ApRab5 (1：30 稀釋比) ，再加入二抗 cy3-conjucated goat anti-rabbit IgG 用 1：600 (標定 ApRab5) 和 Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rat IgG 用 1：400 (標定 ApHRS) 來標定美麗海葵細胞內生性的 ApHRS。A 和 D，是染 ApHRS。B 和 E，是染 ApRab5。C 和 F，是 merge 的圖。Bar：10 μm。
ApHRS (A) ApRab7 (B) Merge (C)
ApHRS (D) ApRab7 (E) Merge (F)
圖 6.
藉由二重免疫螢光染色法來分析美麗海葵宿主細胞內的 ApHRS 和 ApRab7 分佈情形。同時加入一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：100 稀釋比) 和 rabbit anti-ApRab7 (1：30 稀釋比) ，再加入二抗 cy3-conjucated goat anti-rabbit IgG 用 1：600 (標定 ApRab7) 和 Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rat IgG 用 1：400 (標定 ApHRS) 來標定美麗海葵細胞內生性的 ApHRS。箭 號，是指 ApHRS 和 ApRab7 同時坐落在一起。A 和 D，是染 ApHRS。B 和 E，是染 ApRab7。C 和 F，是 merge 的圖。Bar：10 μm。ApHRS (A) Ub-proteins (B) Merge (C)
ApHRS (D) Ub-proteins (E) Merge (F)
圖 7.
藉由二重免疫螢光染色法來分析美麗海葵宿主細胞內的 ApHRS 和 Ub-proteins 分佈情形。同時加入一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：25 稀釋比) 和 mouse anti-Ub-proteins (1：100 稀釋比)，再加入二抗 cy3-conjucated goat anti-mouse IgG 用 1：300 (標定 Ub-proteins) 和 Dylight 488 donkey anti-rat IgG 用 1：200 (標定 ApHRS) 來標定美麗海葵細胞內生性的 ApHRS。箭 號，是指 ApHRS 和 Ub-proteins 同時坐落在一起。A 和 D，是染 ApHRS。B 和 E，是染 Ub-proteins。C 和 F，是 merge 的圖。Bar：10 μm。
ApHRS (A) ApRab3 (B) Merge (C)
ApHRS (D) ApRab3 (E) Merge (F)
圖 8.
藉由二重免疫螢光染色法來分析美麗海葵宿主細胞內的 ApHRS 和 ApRab3 分佈情形。同時加入一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：50 稀釋比) 和 rabbit anti-ApRab3 (1：30 稀釋比) ，再加入二抗 cy3-conjucated goat anti-rabbit IgG 用 1：400 (標定 ApRab3) 和 Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rat IgG 用 1：200 (標定 ApHRS) 來標定美麗海葵細胞內生性的 ApHRS。箭號，是指
ApHRS 和 ApRab3 同時坐落在一起。A 和 D，是染 ApHRS。B 和 E，是 染 ApRab3。C 和 F，是 merge 的圖。Bar：10 μm。
ApRab5 (A) biotin-avidin (B) Merge (C)
ApRab5 (D) biotin-avidin (E) Merge (F)
圖 9.
藉由 cell surface-bound biotin 螢光染色法來分析美麗海葵宿主細胞 內的 biotin-avidin 所標定蛋白質和 ApRab5 分佈情形。加入一抗 rabbit anti-Rab5 以 1：50，加入二抗 cy3-conjucated goat anti-rabbit IgG 用 1：400 (標定 ApRab5) ，再加入 Alexa Fluro 488 conjugate avidin 以 1：2000 的 稀釋比。箭號，是指 biotin-avidin 所標定的蛋白質和 ApRab5 同時坐落在 一起。A 和 D，是染 ApRab5。B 和 E，是染 biotin-avidin。C 和 F，是merge 的圖。A，B 和 C，是回溫 20 分鐘；D，E 和 F 是回溫 30 分鐘。
Bar：10 μm。
ApRab4 (A) biotin-avidin (B) Merge (C)
圖 10.
藉由 cell surface-bound biotin 螢光染色法來分析美麗海葵宿主細 胞內的 biotin-avidin 所標定蛋白質和 ApRab4 分佈情形。加入一抗 rat anti-ApRab4 以 1：50，加入二抗 cy3-conjucated goat anti-rat IgG 用 1：400 (標定 ApRab4) ，再加入 Alexa Fluro 488 conjugate avidin 以 1：2000 的 稀釋比。箭號，是指 biotin-avidin 所標定的蛋白質和 ApRab4 同時坐落在 一起。A，是染 ApRab4。B，是染 biotin-avidin。C，是 merge 的圖。A，B 和 C，是回溫 30 分鐘。Bar：10 μm。
ApHRS (A) biotin-avidin (B) Merge (C)
圖 11.
藉由 cell surface-bound biotin 螢光染色法來分析美麗海葵宿主細 胞內的 biotin-avidin 所標定蛋白質和 ApHRS 分佈情形。加入一抗 rat anti-ApHRS 以 1：100，加入二抗 cy3-conjucated goat anti-rat IgG 用 1：400 (標定 ApHRS) ，再加入 Alexa Fluro 488 conjugate avidin 以 1：2000 的稀 釋比。箭號，是指 biotin-avidin 所標定的蛋白質和 ApHRS 同時坐落在一起。A，是染 ApHRS。B，是染 biotin-avidin。C，是 merge 的圖。A，B 和 C，是回溫 30 分鐘。Bar：10 μm。
N
N 游離的酵母菌
(A) (B) (C)
已吞噬酵母菌的消化細胞
(D) (E) (F)
已吞噬酵母菌的共生藻宿主細胞
(H) (I) (J)
圖 12.
藉由酵母菌餵食實驗之免疫螢光染色法來觀察美麗海葵細胞內生 性 ApHRS 分佈情形。使用一抗 rat anti-ApHRS 以 1：50 (ApHRS depletion 完後的抗體) 和二抗 cy3-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG 以 1：400 來染色。N：是指消化細胞(E)和宿主細胞(I)的核。箭頭：是指圍繞在共生小體和 酵母菌的膜。A，D 和 H，是明視野下的細胞。B，E 和 I，是用 H33258 染核之圖。C、F 和 J，是指 ApHRS 的紅色訊號。Bar：10 μm。
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10 30 60 120
酵母菌餵食時間點 (分鐘) ApHRS在吞噬小體上的分佈(%)
圖 13.
利用酵母菌餵食來執行吞噬作用經由免疫螢光染色法來觀察美麗 海葵細胞內生性的 ApHRS，在消化細胞內包著酵母菌的胞噬小體膜上分 佈趨勢圖表。橫軸是酵母菌餵食的時間長度 (10，30，60 和 120 分鐘) ， 縱軸是帶有 ApHRS 免疫螢光訊號的胞噬小體的百分比。2000 bp 1650 bp 1000 bp 850 bp 650 bp 500 bp 400 bp 300 bp 200 bp 100 bp
圖 14.
從美麗海葵 cDNA library 選殖出來的部分 LC3 序列之 PCR 產物。圖 15.
美麗海葵與其他物種的 LC3 蛋白之多重序列比對親源分析圖。結果顯示 ApLC3 蛋白質序列與人類 LC3 蛋白質序列有 72 %相同。黑色 區塊表示物種之間具有相同胺基酸序列，灰色區塊表示物種之間有相似 的胺基酸。所選擇各物種 LC3 蛋白的 GenBank accession number 為 Human (NP_115903) ， Human (NP_073729) ， Human (NP_001004343) ， Rat (NP_955794) ，Mouse (NP_080011) ，Frog (NP_001079866) ，Zebrafish (NP_999904) 和 Nematostella (XP_001635124) 。
Amino Acid Substitutions (x100) GenBank accession number 為 Human (NP_115903) ， Human (NP_073729) ， Human (NP_001004343) ， Rat (NP_955794) ， Mouse (NP_080011) ， Frog (NP_001079866) ， Zebrafish (NP_999904) 和 Nematostella (XP_001635124) ，建構之樹狀親源關係圖。
72kDa 55kDa 43kDa 34kDa 26kDa
17kDa 10kDa HeLa rLC3 SP TP
圖 17.
藉由西方點墨法來分析 ApLC3 於美麗海葵蛋白質樣品的表現情 形。使用一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：5,000 稀釋比) 和二抗 HRP-conjugated goat anti-rat IgG (1：10,000 稀釋比) 來偵測 ApHRS 蛋白質。HeLa，是指 HeLa 細胞總蛋白 (正控制) ；rLC3，是指美麗海葵的 ApLC3 重組蛋白 (1.63 μg/ul ) ；SP，是指美麗海葵 soluble proteins ( 1.35 μg/μl ) ；TP，指 美麗海葵 total proteins ( 1.77 μg/μl ) 。不同分子量的蛋白質以 14 % SDS-PAGE 加以分離，詳細步驟見材料方法。N N
ApLC3 (A) ApHRS (B) Merge (C)
(D) (E)
圖 18.
以二重免疫螢光染色法分析美麗海葵宿主細胞內的 ApHRS 和 ApLC3 分佈情形。同時加入一抗 rat anti-ApHRS (1：100 稀釋比) 和 rabbit anti-LC3 (1：100 稀釋比) ，再加入二抗 cy3-conjucated goat anti-rabbit IgG 用 1：700 (標定 ApLC3) 和 Alexa Fluor 488 donkey anti-rat IgG 用 1：200 (標定 ApHRS) 來標定美麗海葵細胞內生性的 ApHRS。A，是染 ApLC3。B，是染 ApHRS。C，是 merge 的圖。D，是用 H33258 染核之圖。E，是 明視野下的細胞。Bar：10 μm。
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