專利聯盟不斷遭受到反托拉斯法的挑戰，部分學者認為其對於市場競爭會產 生不利的情形，而亦有學者認為專利聯盟可以為企業帶來好處；職是之故，本研 究藉由實證研究的方式，對 MPEG-4 Visual 專利聯盟進行分析探討，了解企業加 入專利聯盟後是否會帶來正面的影響。研究結果顯示研發能力越好的企業加入專 利聯盟之後對於研發績效的確有正向的影響，說明了專利聯盟著實能夠帶給企業 益處。
惟本研究僅針對 MPEG-LA 專利聯盟管理組織下的 1 個專利聯盟進行研究，
組織內尚有其他9 個專利聯盟，本研究受限於研究時間並未進行比較研究，因此，
後續研究者若有對專利聯盟的研發績效議題感興趣者，可以進行不同專利聯盟對 於企業研發績效影響之比較。再者，在各個專利聯盟成立的時間都不相同、聯盟 內成員也有差異的情形之下，後續研究者亦可比較企業參與專利聯盟數的多寡，
是否會帶給企業不同程度的研發績效進行探討。
最後，本研究在策略聯盟的定義之下探討專利聯盟，故僅針對專利聯盟內的 成員（授權者）做研究，並未討論專利聯盟對於被授權者研發績效之影響，因此，
有興趣的研究人員也能夠針對被授權者一方做研發績效的研究，甚至更進一步與 該技術領域內的企業做研發績效之比較。
68
參考文獻
中文文獻
期刊論文
王建惟、胡哲生，台灣中小企業策略聯盟運用現況，商職教育，第58 期，1994 年。
司徒達賢，策略管理，台北：遠流出版，1995 年。
何愛文，專利聯盟所生競爭法上爭議，公平交易季刊第11 卷第 4 期，頁 3，2003 年10 月。
何曜任，專利聯盟所涉及專利濫用問題之研究，國立政治大學智慧財產研究所碩 士論文，2010 年。
林昱君、陳厚銘，如何以企業聯盟開拓大陸市場之研究，經濟部國貿局委託中華 經濟研究院，1998 年。
洪萱，論我國技術授權與市場競爭之處理原則，國立政治大學智慧財產研究所，
2008 年。
侯文山，合作任務特性、共識凝聚與中小企業合作關係維持機制之關聯，國立政 治大學企業管理研究所論文，1994 年。
莊偌伶，台灣廠商成長、流動性與股權結構之分析，私立銘傳大學經濟學研究所，
2010 年。
高孔廉，中小企業之合作型態及其困難，企銀季刊，3(2)，頁 77-81，1979 年。
陳文章，企業技術創新績效影響因素之研究，長榮管理學院經營管理研究所，2001 年。
張惠真，廠商研發能力對績效影響之研究，國立台北大學博士論文，2005 年。
黃琡珺，策略聯盟之關係、信任、聯盟績效及未來繼續合作意願，國立中山大學 企業管理學系博士論文，1996 年。
蔡宜芯，專利集中授權 ( Patent Pools ) 之法律規範－以競爭法為重心，2003 年。
書籍
69
吳思華，知識經濟、知識資本與知識管理，遠流出版社，台灣產業研究，第四期，
2001 年。
許士軍，走向創新時代的組織績效評估，天下文化哈佛商業評論，頁3-9，2000 年。
劉蘊芳譯，作者：Thomas D. Kuczmarski，創新 k 管理，經典傳訊文化股份有限 公司，2000 年。
網站
O'Reilley, D. Patrick、林藝思、宋嘉瑜，第三方如何應對美國專利池，2010 年 2 月，網址：
http://www.finnegan.com/zh-CHS/resources/articles/articlesdetail.aspx?news=f69 33107-2e85-4ae7-b4b2-0f9dc7e0a6c4。
潘娟娟，專利聯營的分析與應對， 2007 年 6 月，http://www.giprs.org/ch/node/294。
70
外文文獻
期刊論文
Atuahene-Gima, K., Determinants of inward technology licensing intentions ? An empirical analysis of Australian engineering firms, Journal of Production Innovation Management, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp.230-240. (1993).
Baranson, J. Transnational Strategic Alliance: Why, what, where and how.
Multinational Businesses, 2, pp.54-61. (1990).
Bassi, L. J. and Van Buren, M. E., Valuing investment in intellectual capital, International Journal of Technology Management, 18( 5/6/7/8), pp.414-432.
(1999).
Coase, R. H. The Nature of the Firm, Economics, 4, pp.386-405. (1937).
Cohen, Wesley M & Klepper, Steven, Firm Size and the Nature of Innovation within Industries: The Case of Process and Product R&D, The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 78(2), pages 232-43. (1996).
Covin, J. G., Entrepreneurial versus conservative firms : A comparison of strategies and performance, Journal of Management Studies, Vol.28, Iss.5, Jul. 1991, pp.439-462. (1991).
Cohen,W. M. and Levinthal, D.A., Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), pp.128-152.
(1990).
Damanpour, F. and Evan, W.m., Organizational innovation and performance : the problem of organizationl lag, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 29, No. 3, pp.392-409. (1984).
Etemad, H. and Lee, Y, Technological capabilities and industrial concentration in NICs and industrial countries : Taiwanese SMEs versus Southern Korean chaebols, International Journal of Entrepreneur and Innovation Management, Vol.1, No. 3, pp.329-355. (2001).
Gilbert RJ.Economics, law, and history of patent pools and cross-licensing
71
arrangements. Presented at the Franco-American Conference on the Economics, Law, and History of Intellectual Property Rights, University of California, Berkeley, CA. 6 October. (2001).
Hall,L.A. and Bagchi-Sen, S.,A study of R&D, innovation and business performance in the Canadian biotechnology industry, Technovation, 22(4), pp.231-244. (2002).
Hamel, G., Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal, 12(1), pp.83-103. (1991).
Hamel, G. and Prahalad, C.K. Strategy as stretch and leverage. Harvard Business Review,71(2),75-84. (1993).
Harrigan,K.R., Strategic Alliance and Partner Asymmetries, Management International Review, pp.53-72. (1988).
Hitt,M.A., Hoskisson, R.E. and Ireland,R.D. and Harrison,J.S., Effects of acquisition on R&D inputs and outputs .Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), pp.693-706.
(1991).
Ireland, R. D., M. A. Hitt, D Vaidyanath, Alliance management as a source of competitive advantage, Journal of Management, 28 : pp.413-446. (2002).
James,B.P., Alliance : The new strategic focus, Long Range Planning, 18(3), pp.76-81.
(1985).
Jarillo,J.C. On strategic networks, Strategic Management Journal, 9, pp.31-41 (1988).
Kim, L. and Lim Y., Environment, generic strategies and performance in a rapidly developing country : A taxonomic approach, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 31, Iss.4, pp.802-827. (1988).
Kogut, B., Joint venture: Theoretical and empirical perspectives. Strategic Management Journal, 9(4), pp.319-332. (2001).
Kogut, P., Profile of Mexico’s textile and clothing industry, Textile Outlook International, Jan. (1999).
Konsynski, B.R. and McFarlan,F..W., Information partnerships-Shared data, shared size. Harvard Business Review, 68(5), pp.114-120. (1990).
Lee, C., Lee, K. and Pennings, J. M., Internal capabilities, external networks, and
72
performance : a study on technology-based ventures, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22, No.6, pp.615-640. (2001).
Lewis, J.D., Making strategic alliance to work. Research Technology Management , 33, pp.12-15. (1988).
Lichtenberg, F. and Siegel, D. The impact of R&D investment on productivity : new evidence using linked R&D-LRD data, Economic Inquiry, Vol. 29, No.2, pp.203-229. (1991).
Miller, A. and Dess, G. G., Assessing Porter’s model in terms of business strategy, The Journal of Management Studies, Vol.30, Iss.4, pp.239-254. (1993).
Moser, M. R., Achievement recognition in a research and development unit, Engineering Management International, Amsterdam, Vol.3, pp.49-55, Nov.
(1984).
Oliver,C.. Interorganizational relationships: Integration and future directions. Academy of Management Review, 15(2), pp.241-265. (1990).
Pappas,R.A. and Remer,D.S., Measuring R&D productivity. Research Management, pp.15-22. (1985).
Pappard, J. and Rylander, A., Using an intellectual capital perspective to design and implement a growth strategy: The case of ApiON, European Management Journal, 19(5), pp.510-525. (2001).
Pekar, P. and Allio,R., Making alliance work-Guidelines for success. Long Range Planning, 27(4), pp.54-65. (2002).
Penrose,E,T.,Limits to the growth of the firm. American of Management, 45(2), pp.531-543. (1959).
Provan, K.G., Interorganizational Cooperation and Decision Making Autonomy in a Consortium Multi Hospital System. Academy of Management Review, 9(3), pp497-504. (1984).
Sapienza, AM M., Assessing the R&D capability of Japanese pharmaceutical industry, R&D Management, Vol. 23, No.1, pp. 3-16. (1993).
Sher, P.J. and Yang, P.Y.The effects of innovative capabilities and R&D clustering on
73
firm performance : The evidence of Taiwan’s semiconductor industry, Technovation, 25(1), pp.33-43. (2005).
Ulrich, D. and Barney, J.B., Perspective in organizations: Resource dependence, efficiency, and population. Academy of Management Review , 9(3), pp.471-481.
(1984).
Varadarajan, P.R. and Cunningham, M.H., Strategic alliance: A synthesis of conceptual foundations. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 23(4), pp.282-296.
(1995).
Vickers, John,. Strategic Competition among the Few--Some Recent Developments in the Economics of Industry, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Oxford
University Press, vol. 1(3), pp. 39-62. (1985).
Wernerfelt,B., A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5, pp.171-180. (1984).
Williamson, O.E., The Economics of Organization: The Transaction Cost Approach.
The American Journal of Sociology, 87(.3), pp.548-577. (1981).
書籍
Barney, J.B., Gaining and sustaining competitive advantage ,New York:
Addition-Wesley Publishing Company. (1997).
De La Sierra,M.C.. Managing global alliance-key steps for successful collaboration, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. (1995).
Graham, C., The economics of industrial innovation, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Prentice-Hall. (1982).
Killing, J.P., Understanding alliance: The role of task and organizational complexity, in Contractor & Lorange eds.,Cooperative Strategies in International Business, Lexington: D.C. Heath and Company. (1988).
Link, A. N., Research and development activity in US manufacturing, New York:
Prager. (1981).
Porter, M.E. Competitive advantage, Free Press: New York (1985).
74
Porter,M.E. and Fuller,M.B.. Competition in Global Industries. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. (1986).
Root, F.R. Entry Strategies for International Markets, D.C., Health, MA : Lexington.
(1986).
Stewart, T. A., Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations, New York:
Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc. (1997).
其他
Standard Oil Co. v. United States, 283 U.S. 163 (1931).
Kobe, Inc. et al v. Dempsey Pump Co. et al. Dempsey Pump Co. et al. v. Kobe, Inc. et al (1952).
Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing of Intellectual Property, http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/guidelines/0558.htm
2000 年美國專利商標局（USPTO）發佈的專利聯盟白皮書，Patent Pool：A Solution to the Problem of Access in Biotechnology Patents,
http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/dapp/opla/patentpool.pdf 網站
美國司法部（USDOJ），http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/hearings/ip/222655.htm 美國專利商標局 ( USPTO )，http://www.uspto.gov
美國證券交易委員會 ( SEC )，http://www.sec.gov
MPEG LA 官方網站，http://www.mpegla.com/main/default.aspx