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推動透明化協定之價值─代小結

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定的討論,才能讓愈多國家具備加入政府採購協定之能力,使其往多邊化之終極 目標前進。

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他協定之減讓互換的制度性問題,也無從降低會員開放市場可能面對之政治壓 力,故整體而言協定之實質幫助應屬有限。惟美加兩國尌政府採購議題展現彈性 之政治意義,對於其他會員繼續完成市場開放談判,應具有一定程度之指示作用。

有鑑於市場開放談判遭遇之阻礙,似乎在短期之內無法獲得解決,本文認為或許 鼓勵會員重新開啟政府採購透明化協定之談判有其價值。縱然會員礙於政府採購 措施經常被用於產業政策之現實,無法一步到位開啟不歧視之採購市場,但貣碼 應為有心參與政府採購之廠商在地主國謀求較佳之法規制度,避免採購程序缺乏 效率、造成貪污、或使採購單位擁有過度裁量權而恣意剝削廠商。透過程序面之 改革,更能使開發中國家未來欲進一步參與國際採購市場時,能夠與國際規範接 軌。如此,未來政府採購多邊化之終極目標或許更容易實現。

過去較少有文獻探討政府採購協定之市場開放談判,本文整理談判之發展脈絡與 其現狀,並分析其停滯原因以及美加政府採購協定可能帶來之助益,最後並提供 面對談判的僵局,未來可能採取之變通作法,希望對於政府採購協定之研究能夠 提供一些思考。

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States, WTO Doc. GPA/O/USA/2/Rev.2 (Feb. 18, 2010).

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Issues, 10 February 2010.

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