• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

第二節 未來建議

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需要數位化卻沒有資源的中小企業,都能從這個架構得到靈感,建構自家企業在 工業 4.0 進步浪潮裡的發展策略。

第二節 未來建議

本研究的研究個案主要為歐洲工業自動化的龍頭企業,係針對發展進程進行 個案比較與分析,所歸納出的一套發展架構。工業 4.0 發展的時間尚不長,整個 發展進程可能會延續二三十年以上,後續研究的面向也可能非常多元,本文試根 據本研究進行可能的延伸研究方向。

一、其他國家工業 4.0 的發展進程

目前美國、日本、韓國、中國均根據工業 4.0 的概念,推出符合自己國家的 工業 4.0 發展進化,如美國的「先進製造夥伴聯盟」、日本的「日本製造業白皮 書」、韓國的「製造業創新 3.0」、中國的「中國製造 2025」。世界各國其製造優 勢均不相同,例如可能已具備強大的虛實整合能力、或是工廠自動化程度已非常 成熟,或是有豐富的資源與市場待開發,正因為先天的產業優勢不同,其工業 4.0 的進程也會有差異。蒐集這些國家領導企業的實際作為,並佐以產業條件分 析,研究工業 4.0 在不同的產業背景會有怎樣的發展差異,可以更精確地調整我 國的細部發展進程。

除了產業優勢,另外一個造成發展差異的可能是各國企業文化的差異。美國 企業較為講求個人能力、強烈追求理性規畫;歐洲企業追求研發與設計,認為品 質是在良好設計中誕生而非檢驗,重視人的工作品質;日本追求企業對社會回饋,

並強調企業倫理,對公司有強烈的歸屬感,強調統一的表現;中國提倡艱苦創業,

並強調情義精神,以人為治。不同企業文化對於組織規劃,必然有其獨特性,工 業 4.0 亦牽涉到組織的變革轉型,企業文化對工業 4.0 發展的影響值得一探。

二、工業 4.0 資訊系統導入的案例研究

雖然從參考案例裡,能觀察到數位資訊系統的導入能讓生產效率提升,但資

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訊系統的導入引起組織的不適應是有可能的,組織面對可能的抗拒與衝突,實際 上如何解決,這點從次級資料並不容易取得分析的內容。過去許多常見的資訊系 統,如企業資源計畫、製造執行系統 等均已有系統特性與導入衝突的研究,工 業 4.0 的數位資訊系統應該也需要系統特性分析,與如何降低抗拒與衝突的方法,

讓後進者能夠在智慧化過程中更順利轉型。

工業 4.0 轉型過程裡,組織的變化與人力資源的需求也會跟著改變,可以推 想精通數據分析的人力需求會快速增加,而企業如何安排內部既有人員數位能力 的員工訓練,這些組織變革與人力資源變革層面會隨著工業 4.0 技術發展逐漸成 熟後,顯得日趨重要。

https://buzzorange.com/techorange/2017/04/12/siemens-and-german/

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Kaeser

2014 官方報告書:Siemens-Vision 2020

2 36 氪&科技 expansion in industrial software:

Siemens to acquire U.S. company Vistagy, Inc.

5 西門子官方 2011 新聞:Siemens adds eMeter, the U.S.

meter data specialist, to its smart grid portfolio

6 西門子官方 2013 新聞:Siemens to acquire TESIS PLMware, further enhancing its industry software portfolio.

7 西門子官方 2014 新聞:Siemens to Acquire Camstar, Extending Leadership in Industrial Digitalization.

8 西門子官方 2016 新聞:Siemens strengthens footprint in Additive Manufacturing.

9 西門子官方 2016 新聞:Siemens drives implementation of Vision 2020 with Mentor Graphics acquisition and Gamesa merger.

10 西門子官方 2017 產品報告書:Simens Mindsphere Whitepaper

11 西門子台灣

of MindSphere?

15 樊晉源 2018 專欄:西門子重點智慧製造專利技術分 析—以美國市場為例

16 Martin Hollender, Tone Grete Graven, Jeton Partini, Pierre Schäring

2017 專欄:Process Operaton 4.0

17 艾波比官方 2016 專欄:ABB AbilityTM Collaborative Operations

18 艾波比官方 2017 新聞:ABB completes acquisition of B&R

19 艾波比官方 2017 新聞:ABB completes acquisition of KEYMILE's communication networks business

20 施耐德台灣

of Italian water company with energy management solution by 30 percent 24 艾波比官方 2017 個案:STAR refinery -

Group effort to give STAR facility state-of-the-art systems

25 施耐德官方 2018 個案:Efficiency checks in at Hilton Hotels Worldwide

26 施耐德官方 2017 個案:Taking to the skies - Uninterrupted at Geneva Airport