• 沒有找到結果。

第四章 綜合討論與建議

第二節 未來建議

在本節將利用實驗的結果,對未來的研究以及試字教學提出參考的建議。Gough 和 Tunmer(1986)曾用「閱讀簡單觀點模式」來解釋識字的重要性,即 R(reading)

= D(decoding) × C(linguistic comprehension),由公式可得出若識字的基礎為零則 閱讀不可能發生。而在 Chall(1983)的閱讀發展前三階段將學以讀(learn to read)

視為目標,兒童需學習的是識字解碼的技巧。當識字的技能能夠自動化,也可以減少 在閱讀時耗費認知資源。過去在研究閱讀障礙(Dyslexia)的領域中,研究也發現弱 讀者(poor reader)對文字的解碼歷程有困難,會連帶影響後續的閱讀理解(Vellutino, Fletcher, Snowling, & Scanlon, 2004)。

過去在中文的識字教學策略分為集中識字和分散識字兩大主流,目前學校國語文 的識字教學多屬於分散識字,以將字、詞、文句三者融入的方式進行教學,讓初學者 能夠在閱讀的情境中瞭解文意(王瓊珠,2012)。但現在也有採用「集中識字法」的 策略,以教導一般的字彙知識為主,將生字依照相同的部首、聲旁作歸類進行教學,

這是偏向由下而上模式的閱讀理念,並獲得不錯的成效(呂美娟,2000;胡永崇,2001;

黃道賢,2003)。集中識字法透過分析一組字(如:請、情、晴、清)中帶有相同的 部件(如:青)來強化兒童對於字形的辨認。但是在這樣的教學法上,教師多著重在 合體字的部件分析,但獨體字部件分析卻是缺少的。根據本研究的實驗三結果顯示,

兒童對於獨體字的部件組成結構會有知覺,研究者認為若在集中識字的教學法上可以 納入對獨體字作結構成分的分析,以相同部件作歸類,很可能會對初學者在識字學習 上會有幫助。

43

再者,未來研究的建議上,本研究分為以下兩點作闡述。第一,由於目前對於獨 體字的定義還未有統一的說法,本研究的獨體字是為研究者自行整理文獻定義之,包 括單筆畫或多筆畫構成結構不可分割的整字(如:乙、由)、單獨的點或筆劃附於整 字(如:良)、平行或對稱的相離筆畫整字(如:非)、過去約定成俗或具特殊意義之 成字部首(如:金)以及因字形變化使組成部件無法單獨存在的整字(如:全)。然 而對於不同定義下的獨體字是否仍會得到初學者對於獨體字的內部結構也有分析的 歷程,有待後續的研究繼續探討。第二,本研究是為探討初學者的識字發展議題,但 受試者的樣本僅選擇以國小二年級的學童進行實驗。雖然得到了獨體字的辨識表現優 於合體字,但這樣的結果僅能對國小低年級的兒童作推論,之後的發展趨勢為何並不 清楚。因此本研究者認為可以在後續的研究將受試者的年齡層擴大至中、高年級的階 段,以瞭解國小學童在獨體字和合體字的識字發展表現。

44

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54 學生姓名:________________

學校:____________班級:_______ 年 _______ 班 _______號

□ 同意 讓我的孩子參與測試

□ 不同意 讓我的孩子參與測試

家長姓名:___________(請於此處簽名) 中華民國 年____月____日

55

56

附錄三 實驗三所使用的刺激材料

獨體字 合體字

組成部件促發組 無關部件促發組 組成部件促發組 無關部件促發組 促發字 目標字 促發字 目標字 促發字 目標字 促發字 目標字

亠 交 乙 主 又 取 刁 仍

儿 兔 子 乎 夕 外 乜 叫

入 全 寸 史 宀 完 厶 打

八 具 巾 母 彡 形 支 幼

勹 包 廾 民 攵 收 斗 如

勹 包 廾 民 攵 收 斗 如

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