第五章 結論
5.2 未來研究方向
由於本研究只探討市場上有一家供應商與零售商間的策略定價模型,因此實 務上還有許多可延伸之部分,以下提供一些未來可研究之方向:
考慮多家零售商彼此競爭:本研究為便於分析不同策略模型,假設市場上只 有一家壟斷的零售商,然而實際上市場同時會出現許多競爭廠商,並互相做
差別取價來吸引顧客,例如銷售蘋果iPhone 手機的零售廠商除了直營店外,
還有其他電信業者像是台灣大哥大、中華電信等廠商。
新產品價格、批發價格變動性:本研究為簡化複雜度,將新產品價格與批發 價做為外生變數,未來可考慮將批發價設為內生變數,由供應商透過最佳化 模型決策最適批發價,而零售商可藉此批發價來調整新產品定價。
多期動態模型:由於一個世代的產品可在市場上存活的週期時間不僅止於一 期或兩期,因此考慮每個世代產品在市場上的價值並判斷其產品生命週期,
未來研究上可應用多期的世代交替模型。
參考文獻
1. C. Billington, H. L. Lee, C. S. Tang (1998). “Successful Strategies for Product Rollovers”. Spring 1998, Vol.39(3)
2. G.P. Cachon, M.A. Lariviere (1999b). “Capacity allocation using past sales: When to turn-and-earn”. Management Science, Vol.45(5): 685–703
3. E. Koca, G. C. Souza, C. T. Druehl (2010). “Managing Product Rollovers”.
Decision Sciences, Vol.41(2)
4. P. Ghemawat, J.L. Nueno (2003). “Zara: Fast fashion. Case study”. Harvard Business School. Boston, MA
5. M.A. Cusumano, K. Nobeoka (1998). “Thinking Beyond Lean: How Multi-Project Management is Transforming Product Development at Toyota and Companies”.
Simon and Schuster, Free Press, New York
6. F. Erhun, P. Concalves, J. Hopman (2007). “The art of managing new product transitions”. MIT Sloan Management Rev., Vol.48(3): 73–80
7. G.E. Greenley, B.L. Bayus (1994). “ A comparative study of product launch and elimination decisions in UK and US companies.”. European Journal of Marketing, Vol.28(2):5–29
8. L. Chao, C. Metin, P. S. Suresh (2014). “Analysis of Product Rollover Strategies in the Presence of Strategic Customers”. Management Science, Vol.60(4):805-1081 9. A. Dhebar (1994). “Durable-Goods Monopolists, Rational Consumers, and
Improving Products”. Marketing Science, Vol.13(1): 100-120
10. G.P. Cachon, M.A. Lariviere (1999a). “An equilibrium analysis of linear, proportional and uniform allocation of scarce capacity”. IIE Transaction, Vol.31(9):
835-849
11. G.P. Cachon, M.A. Lariviere (1999c). “Capacity choice and allocation: Strategic behavior and supply chain performance”. Management Science, Vol.45(8): 1091–
1108
12. S. Mallik, P.T. Harker (2004). “Coordinating supply chains with competition:
Capacity allocation in semiconductor manufacturing”. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.159(2): 330-347
13. H. Zou, J.Z. Ding (2008). “Analysis of capacity allocation for sea cargo based on revenue management”. IEEE
14. D. Sturm, K. Fischer (2019). “A cabin capacity allocation model for revenue management in the cruise industry”. Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, Vol.18:441-450
15. M. L. Fisher (1997). “What is the right supply chain for your product?”. Harvard Bus. Rev., Vol.75:28-40
16. E. J. Durango-Cohen, C. A. Yano (2006). “Supplier commitment and production decisions under a forecast-commitment contract”. Management Science, Vol.52(1):
54-67
17. P. L. Abad (1996). “Optimal pricing and lot-sizing under conditions of perishability and partial backordering”. Management Science, Vol.42(8)
18. A.V. Iyer, V. Deshpande, Z. P. Wu (2003). “A postponement model for demand management.”. Management Science, Vol.49(8) : 983-1002
19. A. K. Chakravarty, N. Balakrishnan (2004). “Real-time revision of order quantities with capacity constraints: A single period model.”. Production Operation Management, Vol.13(2) :171-1
20. H.L. Lee, V. Padmanabhan, S.J. Whang (1997). “Information distortion in a supply chain: The bullwhip effect”. Management Science, Vol.43(4): 546-558
21. Z. Liu (2012). “Equilibrium Analysis of Capacity Allocation with Demand Competition”. Naval Research Logistics, Vol.59(3-4): 254-265
22. J. Li, N. Yu, Z. iu, X. Cai (2017). “Allocation with Demand Competition: Uniform, Proportional, and Lexicographic Mechanisms”. Naval Research Logistics, Vol.64(2): 85-107
23. L. X. Lu, M.A. Lariviere (2012). “Capacity Allocation over a Long Horizon: The Return on Turn-and-Earn”. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Vol.14(1): 24-41
24. D. Cohen-Vernik, D. Purohit (2014). “Turn-and-Earn Incentives with a Product Line”. Management Science, Vol.60(2): 400-414
25. J.A. Norton, F.M. Bass (1987). “A diffusion theory model of adoption and substitution for successive generations of high-technology products”. Management Science, Vol.33(9) : 1068-1086
26. A. Yossi, P. Amit (2008). “Optimal Pricing of Seasonal Products in the Presence of Forward-Looking Consumers”. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Vol.10(3):339-359
27. C.W. Kuo, K.L. Huang (2011). “Dynamic pricing of limited inventories for multi-generation products”. European Journal of Operational Research, Vol.217(2): 394-403
28. N. Kilicay-Ergin, C-Y Lin, G.E. Okudan (2015). “Analysis of dynamic pricing scenarios for multiple-generation product lines”. Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, Vol.24(1):107-129
29. J.C. Liu, X. Zhai, L.H. Chen (2018). “The interaction between product rollover strategy and pricing scheme”. International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.201:116-135
30. C.K. Anderson, J.G. Wilson (2003). “Wait or Buy? The Strategic Consumer: Pricing and Profit Implications”. Cornell University School of Hotel Administration, http://scholarship.sha.cornell.edu/articles/440
31. X.M. Su (2007). “Intertemporal Pricing with Strategic Customer Behavior”.
Management Science, Vol.53(5)
32. Y.T. Lin, A. K. Parlaktürk, J. M. Swaminathan (2018). “Are Strategic Customers Bad for a Supply Chain?”. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, Vol.20(3) : 389-600
33. J.C. Liu, X. Zhai, L.H. Chen (2018). “The interaction between product rollover strategy and pricing scheme”. International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.201:116-135
附錄
#12 = 𝐶 ∗ 𝛽 ∗ 𝑤1∗ #13 ∗ #18
#13 = 𝑠𝑞𝑟𝑡((𝐶2𝛽−#17+#20−#16+3𝐶𝛽∗#24−#33−#22−4𝐶𝑝22∗#24+#21+𝐶𝛽𝑤1∗#24−#19+#23)2
#142 +
4∗(𝐶2𝛽−4𝛽∗#152+#20−3𝛽2𝑞∗#15+3𝐶𝛽∗#15−#33−#22−4𝐶𝑝22∗#15+#21+𝐶𝛽𝑤1∗#15−#19+#23)
#14 )
#30 = #323