• 沒有找到結果。

和共變異數矩陣皆不同。 給定兩投資者的絕對風險趨避係數 (Absolute Risk Aversion Coefficients, ARA) 為 1, θ2) = (3, 3), (4, 2), (2, 4)。 假設兩個投資

0.0269 0.0044 0.0082 0.0044 0.0142 0.0035 0.0082 0.0035 0.0653

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6 結語

本文透過Banerjee (2008)的理論模型, 使用台灣股市資料求出投資者對於個

別公司股價的參考密度(rho值), 當rho值大時, 代表投資者在投資時愈會參 照個別公司的股價。 相反地,rho值小時, 代表投資者在投資時僅依據自己 所持有的私人資訊進行。

結果發現,

1. 市場上對於淨值市價比 (Book to Market ratio)大的大公司,參考密度 較穩定地大,而小公司的價格參考密度較小。 這可能是由於淨值市價比 大的公司,其表現變動都較大。 投資者常無法單靠自己的私人資訊便可 進行投資。 因此, 才造成投資者對於其他人的資訊參考密度增加。

2. 以預測次數來看, 若是被預測次數多的公司, 代表資訊流通快速, 投資 者在當期, 接收到較多部份的私人訊息, 因為私人訊息相對多, 所以不 須參考更多的公開訊息 (價格), 造成投資者對公司股價的參考密度便 會降低。

相反地, 若是被預測次數小的公司, 代表資訊流通緩慢, 投資者在當期, 接收到較少部份的私人訊息,也因為私人訊息不足,所以必須參考更多 的公開訊息 (價格),造成投資者對該公司的股價參考密度便會增加。

3. 在影響ρ值因素的過程中, 我發現若將市值當成自變數, 它並未統計顯 著。 因此,市值並非是一個會影響rho值大小的因素。 這也代表,投資者 在決策過程中, 並未因公司的市值大小而對其股價有不同的參考密度。

更多時候, 是淨值市價比、 預測次數等因素影響。

4. 由5.1小節的結果表格可以發現,disp 項來說, 無論是以何種方式

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權重,disp 項對於E(R)E(V )Var(R)、COV(|R|, V )、AR(1)的影響皆為 正。

這也說明出, 當市場意見愈紛歧時, 會造成交易量急遽變動, 因此使得 股票價格上下起伏, 報酬率的期望值和變異數增加。 此外, 異質信念的 存在也解釋金融異象時也有幫助。 根據式(3.9),我們得知當ρ值愈大時, 報酬率的自我相關程度會增加。 也就是說,當市場上的投資者在投資時 愈參考股價,而非一味以自己的私人資訊進行投資,使得市場上的投資 者行為愈一致,將會進一步造成股票的報酬率愈易自我相關。 投資者更 容易從時間序列的資料中,判斷未來的股價。

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The Journal of Finance, 40(1), 309–317.

E(R) std b1 0.3092

(18.09) std/price b1 0.4037 (16.94)

std/med b1 0.4201

(19.08) std/price b1 0.6115 (26.17)

std/med b1 0.4972

(21.35)

Var(R) std b1 0.4843

(20.95) std/price b1 0.5588 (23.40)

std/med b1 0.4828

(20.24) std/price b1 0.4357 (18.58)

std/med b1 0.5158

(22.21)

AR(1) std b1 0.1270

(9.93) std/price b1 0.4051 (17.52)

std/med b1 0.2212

(13.13)

Series : SDF9[["daily"]]

Lag

ACF

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

Series : SDF9[["weekly"]]

Lag

ACF

0 5 10 15 20 25

0.00.20.40.60.81.0

Series : SDF9[["monthly"]]

Lag

Partial ACF

0 10 20 30

-0.04-0.020.00.020.040.060.080.10

Series : SDF9[["daily"]]

Lag

Partial ACF

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

-0.050.00.050.10

Series : SDF9[["weekly"]]

Lag

Partial ACF

0 5 10 15 20 25

-0.10-0.050.00.050.10

Series : SDF9[["monthly"]]

5: 報酬率自我相關-日報酬率、 週報酬率、 月報酬率

Series : SDF9[["quarterly"]]

Lag

ACF

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

-0.4-0.20.00.20.40.60.81.0

Series : SDF9[["annual"]]

Lag

Partial ACF

0 5 10 15 20

-0.10.00.1

Series : SDF9[["quarterly"]]

Lag

Partial ACF

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

-0.4-0.20.00.20.4

Series : SDF9[["annual"]]

自我落後一期相關係數

日報酬率 0.101632 週報酬率 0.067044 月報酬率 0.124133 季報酬率 0.096198 年報酬率 0.164911

6: 報酬率自我相關-季日報酬率、 年報酬率

: E1<E21=σ2 R1R2 RM 0.00

0.05

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7:的投資組:(ARA1,ARA2)=(3,3) 期望質變期望質變 商品1商品2商品3商品1商品2商品3商品1商品2商品3 資者117%17%66%資者117%17%66%資者117%17%66% 資者22%3%95%資者218%19%63%資者21%1%98% 7%8%85%18%18%64%6%6%88% 8:的投資組:(ARA1,ARA2)=(4,2) 期望質變期望質變 商品1商品2商品3商品1商品2商品3商品1商品2商品3 資者117%17%66%資者117%17%66%資者117%17%66% 資者22%3%95%資者218%19%63%資者21%1%98% 5%6%89%18%18%64%4%4%92% 9:的投資組:(ARA1,ARA2)=(2,4) 期望質變期望質變 商品1商品2商品3商品1商品2商品3商品1商品2商品3 資者117%17%66%資者117%17%66%資者117%17%66% 資者22%3%95%資者218%19%63%資者21%1%98% 10%10%80%18%18%64%9%9%82%

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