研究建議

對於未來研究的建議如下：

1. 本研究的研究變數主要來自 SDC 資料庫，對於 MNCs 完成併購後之 財務績效衡量尚有不足，未來研究可納入考量。

2. 樣本期間包含經濟蕭條與金融海嘯，本研究並未針對其是否影響 MNCs 在非洲的收購活動作分析，未來可納入考量。

3. 本研究樣本中，主併公司包含 AMNCs 與 EMNCs 在非洲之併購活動，

部分併購是否基於援助性質而進行未列入分析，國際間基於政治目的所做的 跨國援助往往不公開，日後隨著機密性質降低而公開資訊，或可納入評估。

參考文獻

論文

1. 李雅敏，「從文化觀點探討廠商進入模式對整體經營績效的影響－以台 商進入越南市場為例」，大同大學事業經營研究所碩士論文，2009 年。

2. 官志亮，「影響國際合資非主導性業務管理涉入與管理機制因素之研究」，

國立政治大學企業管理研究所未出版之博士論文，2005 年。

3. 林伶霞，「以實質選擇權觀點探討多國籍企業投資與融資決策對下方風 險影響之研究」，銘傳大學國際企業研究所碩士論文，2009 年。

4. 梁韶芹，「大中華地區跨國收購與企業經營績效之研究」，東吳大學國際 經營與貿易學系碩士在職專班碩士論文，2011 年。

5. 陳明俊，「台灣企業國際市場進入模式與組織調適」，政治大學企業管理 研究所碩士論文，1993 年。

6. 蔡士介，「我國產業國際化策略之研究－以資訊硬體業為例」，國立政治 大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文，1990 年。

期刊

1. Abdoul’Ganiou Mijiyawa. "What Drives Foreign Direct Investments in Africa? An Empirical Investigation with Panel Data. " African Center for Economic Transformation (ACET), Jel Classification:

F21, O55, Accra, Ghana, 2012.

2. Agarwal, S. and Ramaswami, S.N., "Choice of foreign market entry mode: impact of ownership, location and internalization factors", Journal of International

3. Anderson, Erin & Gatignon H., "Mode of Foreign Entry: A Transaction Cost Analysis and Propositions", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol., 11,1986.

4. Anyanwu, J.C."Why Does Foreign Direct Investment Go Where It Goes?: New Evidence From African Countries, " Annals of Economics and Finance 13 (2) (2012) pp.433-70.

5. Asiedu, E. "On the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries: Is Africa Different? " World Development 30 (1) (2002) pp.107‐19.

6. Asiedu, E. "Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: The Role of Natural Resources, Market Size, Government Policy, Institutions and Political Stability, "World Economy 29 (1) (2006) pp.63‐77.

7. Beatty, C.A., "Wanted: the Perfect Tiny Acquisition", Business Quarterly, (1994) pp.51-59。

8. Blonigen, B. and R. Feenstra, "Protectionist threats and foreign direct investment." NBER Working (1996).

9. Brainard, S.L.,"A Simple Theory of Multinational Corporations and Trade with a Trade-Off Between Proximity and Concentration." NBER Working Paper (1993), pp.42-69.

10. Buckley, Peter J. and Mark C. Casson., "The Future of the ultinational Enterprise," London: Macmillan, 1976.

11. Cantwell, John and Tolentino, Paz Estrella. Technological Accumulation and Third World Multinationals [J] .Intemational Investment and Business Studies, No.139, 1990.

12. Carlos Amaya G，Peter Rowland.Determinants of Investment Flows

into Emerging Markets[Z].Borradores de Economia Working Paper，

No.001808,2004.

13. Davidson, H.W., "Global strategy management", New York: John Wiley & Sons,1982.

14. Dunning, J. Trade, Location of Economic Activity and the MNE: A Search for An Eclectic Approach [A] . In: Ohlin, B., Hesselborn, P., Wijkman, P. (Eds.) , 1'he International Allocation of Economic Activity [C] . acMillan Press, London. 1977.

15. Erramilli, M. Krshna. "The Experience Factor in Foreign Market Entry Behavior of Service Firms." Journal of International Business Studies, Vol.22 (1991).

16. Hill, Charles W. L., Peter Hwang & W. Chan Kim, "An Electric Theory of the Choice of International Entry Mode", Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 11,1990.

17. Hitt, M. A., R. E. Hoskisson, and H. Kim, International

Diversification: Effects on Innovation and Firm Performance in Product-Diversified Firms, Academy of Management Journal, 40(4)(1997) pp.767-798.

18. Hofstede, Geert. "Cultural constraints in management theories."

Academy of Management Excutive 7, no.1 (1993), pp.81-94.

19. Horstmann, I.J. and J.R. Markusen, "Endogenous Market Structures in International Trade." Journal of International Economics, 32(1992), pp.109-129.

20. Hymer, Stephen H., The International Operations of National Firms:

A Study of Direct Foreign Investment, Cambridge: MIT Press, 1976.

21. K. Kojima, "Giant Multinational Corporations: Merits and

Defects," Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, vol. 18, no. 2（1978）, pp. 1-17.

22. Kogut, B. And Singh, H. The Effect Of National Culture On The Choice Of Entry Mode. Journal Of International Bussiness Studies, 19 (1988), pp.411-432.

23. Kotler, P., Marketing Management, 8th ed., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall (1994).

24. Kumar, V. and Subramaniam, V., "A Contingency Framework for the Mode of Entry Decision", Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 32 (1)(1997), pp.53-72.

25. Lall, Sanjaya, "The New Multinationals" New York：Chichester and NewYork，John Wiley, 1983.

26. Louis T. Well. Third World Multinationals: the Rise of Foreign Investment from Developing Countries [M]. The MIT Press, 1983 27. Morisset, J. "Foreign Direct Investment in Africa: Policies Also

Matter, "Transnational Corporations 9 (2) (2000) pp.107‐25.

28. Palenzuela, V. A. & Bobillo, A. M. "Transaction Costs and Bargaining Power: Entry Mode Choice in Foreign Markets."

Multinational Business Review 7(1), (1999) pp.62-75.

29. Piercy, N., "Company Internationalization : Active And Reactive Exporting", European Journal Of Marketing, Vol.15, No.3(1981), pp.26-40.

30. Prasad, P., & Kang, R. C. Ownership strategy for a foreign affiliate: An empirical investigation of Japanese firms.

Management International Review, 36(1),(1996). pp.45-65.

31. Quer, D. and E. Claver., "Determinants of Spanish Foreign Direct Investment in Morcco," Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,Vol.

43, 2007, pp. 19-32.

32. Ramaswamy, K., Multinationality, Configuration, and Performance:

A Study of MNEs in the U.S. Drug and Pharmaceutical Industry, Journal of International Management, 1(2)(1995) pp.231-253.

33. Raymond Vernon, "International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle," Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol, 80, no. 2（1966）, pp.190-207.

34. Root, Franklin R. Entry strategies for international markets.

Lexington, MA: Lexington Books,1987.

35. Scott, W. R. Institutions and Organizations [M]. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage,1995

36. Turnbull, Peter W., "A Challenge To The Stages Theory Of The Internationalization Process", Managing Export Entry And Expansion, New York : Prayer Publishers,1987.

37. Welch, Lawrence S. & Reijo Loustarinen "Internationalization:

Evolution Of A Concept," Journal Of General Management, Vol. 14, No. 2(1988), pp.34-55.

38. Woodcock, C. Patrick, Paul W.Beamish and Shige Makino.

"Ownership-Based Entry Mode Strategies and International

Performance." Journal of International Business Studies 25, (1994) pp. 253-73.

39. 朴英姬，｢評析外國直接投資對非洲國家經濟發展的影響｣，西非亞洲，

第 8 期，2011 年。

報，第 65 期，頁 83-108，2009 年。

雜誌

1. McKinsey & Company，｢Lions on the move：The progress and potential of African economies｣， 2010 年 6 月。

2. 哈佛商業評論，｢瞄準下一個成長市場登陸非洲新商機｣，2011 年 5 月，

頁 126-134。

網路資料

1. 中國國務院 (http://www.gov.cn/guowuyuan/) 2. 世界貿易組織 (WTO) (http://www.wto.org/) 3. 印度工業聯合會 (CII) (http://www.cii.in/) 4. 非洲開發銀行 (http://www.afdb.org/en/) 5. 美國中央情報局 (https://www.cia.gov)

6. 經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD） (http://www.oecd.org/) 7. 台灣經濟部 (http://www.moea.gov.tw)

8. 聯合國非洲經濟發展委員會(UNECA) (http://www.uneca.org/) 9. 聯合國開發計劃署 (UNDP)

(http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home.html)