• 沒有找到結果。

我們應用密度泛函數理論的B3LYP函數和6-3ll+G (d,p)、6-3ll++G (d,p)

、6-3ll++G (2d,p)、6-3ll++G (2d,2p)、cc-pVDZ、aug-cc-pVDZ、cc-pVTZ、aug-cc-pVTZ 共八種基組,計算出HBCl2分子與分解產物的平衡結構。在HBCl2部分,我們所得 到的鍵長、鍵角與實驗值的誤差,皆在2%以內;而振動頻率與實驗值,雖然在ν1 部分將近有100 cm-1的差距,但進一步去計算,其誤差約3.6%,是在可以接受的 誤差範圍。至於HBCl2分子的分解產物(HBCl、BCl2、HB、BCl、HCl、Cl2)的 鍵長、鍵角,就計算值與獲得文獻之實驗值的比較,誤差也多在4%以內;而振 動頻率與實驗值的誤差,也保持在2%以內。唯HBCl2正離子與其分解產物的實驗 值數據甚少,所以這部分的比對,仍需未來的科學家繼續研究,以做進一步的確 認。

接著我們進一步,用計算出來的結構和頻率數據,計算法蘭克-康登因子,並 得出模擬HBCl2分子與分解產物電離成正離子的光電子光譜。結果發現理論與實 驗結果十分相似的,只有Cl2的光譜;而HBCl2和HCl的實驗光譜雖然在光譜圖中 有很大的吻合度,但仍有部分訊號尚待釐清;首先是HBCl2實驗光譜與模擬光譜 的比對:在實驗光譜裡,夾帶出現有一包訊號,是否表示HBCl2另有一個游離態 的存在?其次是HCl實驗光譜與模擬光譜的比對:在實驗光譜的中間部分出現一 道突出的訊號,是否表示出現自旋軌道耦合的現象?以上的疑問,需要後續研究 者進一步去探討。在HBCl和BCl2方面,因形成離子態時,都會發生混成軌域由sp2

的轉變成sp混成軌域的現象,使得分子的結構由彎曲型變直線型,所以尚無法推 測出模擬光譜;另外,HB分子的振動躍遷模擬光譜,因暫找不到實驗光譜尚未 驗證。

接著,我們經由Gaussian 98軟體的CCSD(T)方法,計算出絕熱游離能和垂直 游離能,並分析了HBCl2分子與分解產物的反應途徑,預測了何種能量,可能有 何種產物,以作後續研究者做實驗的參考。

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附 錄

ν'

(

χ

)

χ

公式(19)是一個雙階層因子(double factorial),依定義(-1)!!=0!!=1。

將公式(2)、(5)、(18)代入公式(17),且定義K=(k+k)/2後,

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