• 沒有找到結果。

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第五章 結論和未來研究方向

過去有關於聯貸宣告效果的文獻,都是以新聞資料庫作為資料來源。然而,

為了避免樣本選擇偏誤的問題,本文採用呈報美國證券管理委員的聯貸訊息作為 分析樣本,這是目前文獻中第一篇使用美國證券管理委員 EDGAR 資料庫的論文。

本文除了重新檢驗聯貸宣告時,股市投資人對該項訊息的反應之外,同時也採用 Berkman and Truong (2009) 的觀點,將若於非交易時間的聯貸宣告樣本,調整其事 件日的定義為宣告日的次營業日。而其實證結果發現:媒體報導聯貸訊息時,在 事件日的股價會有顯著超額報酬,這項結果與過去文獻的結果一致;然而若只以 呈報美國證券管理委員會、並扣除有被媒體揭露的聯貸案樣本進行分析,則發現 到呈報日時,公司當日的股價沒有顯著的異常報酬。這樣的結果顯示,過去文獻 中發現顯著為正的聯貸宣告效果,其實僅侷限於被媒體報導的公司樣本,才會有 這樣的現象。

過去文獻在分析聯貸宣告時,都是使用日資料為基礎,探討聯貸宣告時股市 投資人的反應。文獻中雖然已經有學者使用日內資料研究盈餘宣告的效果,但是 目前尚未有學者使用高頻率日內股價資料,來探討聯貸的宣告效果,因此本文嘗 試使用日內資料、針對這項議題加以分析。而本文的實證結果顯示,無論是呈報 美國證券管理委員會、或被新聞報導的聯貸訊息,其公司的日內股價均沒有顯著 的正報酬。於是本研究更進一步做堅實測試,以有呈報美國證券管理委員會、並 扣除被媒體報導的聯貸案樣本,發現於呈報日時間內,公司的日內股價也沒有顯 著的正報酬。本文認為其中可能的原因,在於大多數公司傾向於非交易時間宣告 聯貸資訊,因而導致樣本數不足。

由於聯貸宣告傾向於非交易時間出現,因此本文進一步將聯貸宣告分成不同 時段,再加以分析。實證結果發現,體質好的公司、較多銀行會借款的公司、及 借款公司的主貸比例較低的公司,會傾向於盤中或盤後宣告聯貸資訊。觀察有呈 報美國證券管理委員會、並扣除被媒體報導的聯貸案樣本資料,本研究發現:於 呈報日各時段中的公司股價為負報酬,因此實證結果並不支持銀行核定聯貸是一 項特殊資訊,因為聯貸宣告時,公司股價並沒有顯著正向的報酬。

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由於研究時間與資料取得等限制,底下進一步說明未來研究的延伸方向,大 致上可以歸納為下列三點:

首先,以公司資金籌措的角度而言,除了私有負債融資 (private debt financing) 的銀行貸款以外,還包括同屬負債籌資的公開負債籌資 (public debt financing) 的 公司債,以及權益資金管道的股票發行。雖然就過去有關於公司債發行、股票發 行的新聞宣告相關研究中,並未發現特殊的市場反映;然而,過去研究並未考量 到本研究中的數項觀點,因此建議未來的後續研究,可以透過收集公司發行債券、

或股票呈報到美國證券管理委員會的訊息,進一步分析比較與過去文獻的結果差 異。其次,2008 年的次貸風暴、以及後續的歐債危機,皆對於金融市場產生莫大 的影響,特別是對於公司經營產生相當大的信用緊縮危機。因此,後續研究可以 依照本論文所收集的 2007 年美國公司聯貸資料,在經歷這幾場金融風暴後,檢視 該公司的長期經營績效表現,是否可以與期初融資時的聯貸宣告效果相呼應。最 後,在本研究中有探討到公司聯貸案日內的股價與交易量反映的問題,然而,就 市場微結構的角度而言,公司對於資訊的宣告時機點也是一項重要考量,原因在 於:除了與直接的股價有關外,如何讓市場有效消化資訊並提高流動性等等,也 是相當重要的考量,因此,建議後續研究可以進一步以更完整的市場微結構角度,

結合包括:交易深度、價差、流通性等研究構面,對聯貸宣告效果的影響,呈現 額外的實證證據。

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科技部補助計畫衍生研發成果推廣資料表

日期:2015/07/31

科技部補助計畫

計畫名稱: 銀行核定公司貸款是否是一項特殊資訊?以美國公司在證券管理委員會的申 報樣本及日內交易資料為例

計畫主持人: 許玉美

計畫編號: 101-2420-H-004-029-DR 學門領域: 財務

無研發成果推廣資料

101 年度專題研究計畫研究成果彙整表

計畫主持人:許玉美 計畫編號:101-2420-H-004-029-DR

計畫名稱:銀行核定公司貸款是否是一項特殊資訊?以美國公司在證券管理委員會的申報樣本及日內

其他成果 (無法以量化表達之成 果如辦理學術活動、獲 得獎項、重要國際合 作、研究成果國際影響 力及其他協助產業技 術發展之具體效益事 項等,請以文字敘述填 列。)

成果項目 量化 名稱或內容性質簡述

測驗工具(含質性與量性) 0

課程/模組 0

電腦及網路系統或工具 0

教材 0

舉辦之活動/競賽 0

研討會/工作坊 0

電子報、網站 0

目 計畫成果推廣之參與(閱聽)人數 0

科技部補助專題研究計畫成果報告自評表

請就研究內容與原計畫相符程度、達成預期目標情況、研究成果之學術或應用價 值(簡要敘述成果所代表之意義、價值、影響或進一步發展之可能性)、是否適 合在學術期刊發表或申請專利、主要發現或其他有關價值等,作一綜合評估。

1. 請就研究內容與原計畫相符程度、達成預期目標情況作一綜合評估

■達成目標

□未達成目標(請說明,以 100 字為限)

□實驗失敗

□因故實驗中斷

□其他原因 說明:

2. 研究成果在學術期刊發表或申請專利等情形:

論文:□已發表 ■未發表之文稿 □撰寫中 □無 專利:□已獲得 □申請中 ■無

技轉:□已技轉 □洽談中 ■無 其他:(以 100 字為限)

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