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第五章 結論與延伸
透過物聯網技術和現代消費價值觀的改變吸引大量使用者的加入,在供需人 數增加的同時,平台業者也將獲得更多利益。本文因此建立一個能同時討論供需 雙方及平台業者的模型,探討加入共享平台後,使用者效用的改變情形,以及平 台業者該如何向交易雙方收取費用等等。在本文的設定下,得到幾項結論:一、
平台業者收取的交易費和平台媒合雙方的成本有關;而平台業者收取的會費則是 和高、低需求消費者的評價、人數、搜尋成本,以及媒合成本有關。二、當平台 業者同時對高、低需求消費者收取交易費和會費時,收取交易費多,則收取會費 就越少,兩者呈現抵換關係。三、考慮貼現因子,當平台業者對時間偏好越高,
一開始就會收取較高的會費,未來則收取較少的交易費。
本文旨在討論平台模型的相關問題,但現實與理論仍然有差距,像是現在市 面上很多打著共享平台的廠商,交易的商品並不是使用閒置資源,而是製作了那 些專門用於共享的商品,本質上就是租賃經濟,營利公司為了占有市場,大量投 放「共享」商品,造成大量浪費,產生各種問題,完全違背了其聲稱的「使資源 得到更有效利用」的主張。所以未來研究學者可以依照幾個問題方向著手討論,
像是如何解決本質非共享經濟但又打著共享經濟名號來欺騙消費者的問題,以及 共享經濟產業對傳統產業造成嚴重衝擊,政府在這兩者之間的該如何取得平衡。
另外目前也還未對共享經濟進行課稅,要如何訂定完善的稅收制度來達到社會福 利極大,也是值得大家討論的。
Rachel Botsman 認為「信任是二十一世紀新型貨幣」,共享經濟的每次交易 都在考驗彼此信任關係,在虛擬身分實名化下,使用者網路評價的回饋越真實且 更具影響力。當傳統仲介交易優勢被資訊透明的網路發展所取代,並解決單向與 信息不對等的高成本買賣的問題,未來發展將會將消費模式更推向共享經濟。
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