當上舉比例超過塊體厚度的 50%，則可視為塊體抽離。
本研究以PFC3D模擬塊體抽離行為，並探討塊體抽離機制的各項主控因子，
包含平均動態壓力、波動動態壓力、水壓力頻率，節理面性質及岩橋性質，以 下簡述關於塊體抽離機制的研究成果。
(1) 本研究用 smooth joint 作為節理面的接觸點力-位移模型，藉由這個模型 可以消除不同尺寸的顆粒集合體可能造成之表面粗糙度影響，節理面性 質可以由凝聚力、摩擦角、張力強度(tension cut off)來控制，惟其微觀 與巨觀參數之轉換需要進行一連串的參數調整，頗為不便。
(2) 可以透過 area_ratio 指令決定不連續面上節理與岩橋的比例，並透過 large_strain 指令讓不連續面上新的顆粒接觸點為 smooth joint 性質。
(3) 根據研究結果顯示，平均動態壓力及波動動態壓力的上舉行為皆不受水 壓力的震幅影響，因此可以將不同頻率的水壓力上舉量疊加求得塊體最 終上舉量。但水壓力在裂縫中傳遞的放大效應，其實必然與共振頻率有 關，可能是PFC3D目前所提供的阻尼模型有限，暫時無法模擬共振的水 壓放大效應。
(4) 本研究提出簡化之分析方法可用於推估個別洪水條件下溢洪道或壩(堰) 前沖刷坑之刷深發展量。本研究曾以義興壩為例進行沖刷模擬，由於較 為保守性的假設條件（假設岩塊周圍節理完全連通），模擬艾利颱風造 成的沖刷量結果與實際沖刷量相比，雖較為保守，但趨勢仍大致吻合。
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