• 沒有找到結果。

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第五章 結論與建議

本研究的主要目的是以集團內部結構、集團持股、董事代表集團持股,探討 股權結構和銀行績效的關係,以及其剝奪問題。本研究並以馬可夫鍊的方法,計 算現金流量權,利用集團之股份盈餘分配權偏離程度來探討剝奪問題。然而,以 台北富邦銀行及富邦金控為例,無法利用集團內部結構說明剝奪問題。此外,本 研究不以直接持股來探討直接持股股東的剝奪問題,是因實際情況中,控制股東 是以集團方式持有大量股權,再以集團總持股來控制銀行。控制股東並非藉由直 接持股控制目標公司,因此本論文以集團對銀行之最終持股,來探討控制股東的 剝奪問題。

透過實證,本研究發現董事代表股份為家族集團持股,其比例和銀行績效有 負向的關係。而董事代表股份為政府集團持股,其比例和銀行績效也存在負向關 係。最後,董事代表股份為其他機構集團持股,其比例和銀行績效有正向關係。

利用一般迴歸的結果,除了董事代表股份為家族、政府、其他機構集團之持 股,和銀行績效有顯著的關係之外,董事代表總股份、一般重大股東之總持股、

以及重大股東為家族、政府、其他機構之持股,皆和銀行績效並無顯著關係。

不同類型的大股東以集團方式持股,可能說明大股東無法對其他股東產生剝 奪問題。然而,各類型董事代表持股卻和銀行績效有顯著關係,因而推測,如圖 5 所示,大股東無法依靠其股份直接控制銀行。若想控制銀行,必須先進入董事 會。成為董事之後,會放大控制力,便可控制銀行。由於控制力加大,產生所有 權和控制權分離,因而產生剝奪問題,可能對其他股東或存款戶進行剝奪。而董 事代表總持股比例卻和銀行績效無顯著關係,這可能說明大股東進入董事會成為 董事之後,並非總是聯合起來一起剝奪其他股東和存款戶。

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圖 5 集團可能存在的剝奪機制

集團內部結構

•集團內部可能股份盈餘偏離差不大,集團內部結構可能無法說明剝奪問題

集團對外持股

•各類集團持股和績效並無顯著關係,也無法說明剝奪問題

集團代表進入董事會

•各類董事代表持股和績效有顯著關係

•進入董事會後控制力增加,可能增加剝奪問題

逾期放款比率增加

•政府和家族集團董事代表持股比例,對銀行逾期放款比例有顯著正相關

產生剝奪問題

•政府和家族集團對逾期放款比率帶來顯著正面影響

•使ROE、ROA下降,獲利率下降

•使ROE、ROA的標準差上升,風險上升

•可能對其他股東或存款戶產生剝奪問題

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