Chapter 6. Conclusions
容器苗雖有恢復期短、存活率高等優點，但其根系限縮容器內且生長速度較 慢。為確保容器苗的正常生長，需在其生長過程中適時補充水分和養分；田間生 產小苗作為容器化苗的使用是加快苗木生產速度的方法，惟此技術尚未成熟。本 研究擬就灌溉和氮肥試驗，加快小苗培育的速度，再就容器化苗移植前的修剪作 探討，期能加快生產進程並提升臺灣的苗木品質。
灌溉方面，藉由介質水分含量測定儀(water content, electrical conductivity and temperature sensor, WET)測量介質中的介質含水量，並與重量法比較，發現 WET 可用來測量田土(S)和田土:椰纖=1:1(v/v)(soil+coir, S+C)的介質含水量。監測每天 的介質含水量，發現 S+C 的飽和含水量較高，WET 測值約為 65%；S 的飽和含 水量較低，WET 測值約為 55%。且 S 的灌溉頻率較 S+C 高，表示 S 保水力較 差。維持高介質含水量(35%、45%)的青楓冬季不落葉，且株高可維持緩慢的生 長，但維持低介質含水量(15%、25%)的青楓冬季落葉、生長受阻。建議青楓維持 介質含水量 35% (約田間容水量的 65%)，避免冬季落葉且有較好的苗木品質，並 使用 S+C 作為介質。樟樹不論何種處理，冬季皆無落葉或生長緩慢之情形發生。
以維持高介質含水量(35%、45%)的處理表現較佳，並以 S+C 作為介質，地下部 較為旺盛。建議樟樹維持介質含水量 35% (約田間容水量的 65%)，相較維持介質 含水量 45%可減少灌溉頻率、降低灌溉成本，且應斟酌使用追肥，避免植物生長 旺盛或灌溉淋洗導致介質肥份不足，進而造成生長速度趨緩、苗木品質變差。
不論施用何種氮肥濃度，落葉樹種青楓在 10-3 月皆有明顯的休眠期，完全 落葉，致使植株表現受氮肥處理影響不大。施用氮肥濃度大於 4 mM 的青楓生長 量隨施用氮肥濃度上升大幅增加表現量後，有趨緩的現象，這可能是養分承載的 狀態，分枝數則隨氮肥濃度增加而增加。高濃度氮肥(32 mM)使根的數量減少、
變細。8-16 mM 的處理地下部較為旺盛，且有較多的分枝數，但 4 mM 的處理於 地上部即有不錯的表現，故推薦青楓使用 4-8 mM 的氮肥養液，如需增加分枝數 則可提高氮肥濃度至 8-16 mM。樟樹與青楓相較下則無明顯的休眠期，試驗期間 株高、莖徑皆穩定成長。樟樹生長量隨施用氮肥濃度上升大幅增加表現量後，亦 有趨緩的現象。高濃度氮肥(32 mM)使根的數量減少、變細，4、8 和 16 mM 的 處理地下部較為旺盛。因此推薦樟樹使用 8-16 mM 的氮肥養液，如需增加分枝 數則可提高氮肥濃度至 16-32 mM。
容器化苗的試驗中，分成移植前重修剪和輕修剪兩種處理。不論移植前施以 重修剪或輕修剪，移植後的樟樹容器化苗皆有移植休克(transplant shock)的症狀。
移植當天(2014.12.18)兩處理的枝條水勢並無顯著差異，但三週後輕修剪處理的 枝條水勢顯著低於重修剪處理；移植七週後，枝條水勢雖未脫離水分逆境，但兩 處理間無差異，顯示造成植株死亡的水份逆境是短期且巨大的，其中輕修剪處理 面臨較長的乾旱逆境，甚至發生死亡，但脫離乾旱逆境時，輕修剪處理的地下部 發展較重修剪佳。試驗結束時，無論輕修剪或重修剪處理，一年來地上部生長緩 慢，除輕修剪處理的莖徑顯著優於重修剪，其餘地上部生長量皆沒有顯著差異，
但光合作用數值、地下部顯著優於重修剪處理，有利於再移植後的生長。輕修剪 處理於灌溉隔天的水分狀態較佳，且葉片角質層較厚，有助於對抗栽植地的逆境。
建議移植前進行適當的微量修剪，輔以適當管理使其克服短暫但嚴重的乾旱逆境，
在移植後的存活率與苗木品質取得平衡。
綜合上述結果，小苗期間，建議青楓使用 S+C，維持介質含水量 35% (約 5-6 天灌溉)，氮肥濃度 4-8 mM，增加分枝數則施 8-15-6 mM；樟樹使用 S+C，維持 介質含水量 35% (約 4-5 天灌溉)，氮肥濃度 8-16 mM，增加分枝數施 16-32 mM。
移植至田間加快生產速度至所需規模，再以容器化苗生產，移植前進行適當的微 量修剪，移植後予以妥善馴化，可加快生產進程，並提升苗木品質。
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