風能資源雖然可再生且無窮盡,但若要加以利用,依然需要土地作為空間載體;酒 泉市通過掌控土地這一有限的資源,與投資商談判,在當地建立起強大的風電機組製造 能力。同時,由於本地消納和調峰電源是解決「棄風」的重要手段,當地引進新的火力 發電廠和高載能的煤化工產業也獲得更多合法性,在審批上得到諸多便利。在經濟社會 發展的意義上看,風電產業給原來偏居一隅的酒泉市帶來巨大的發展機會,在資金之外,
還引進了技術和人才,並且提供了許多就業崗位。可以說,酒泉市藉此完成了再工業化,
與以往的西氣東輸、西電東送等西部大開發工程相比,風電產業不僅僅侷限於將西部打 造成能源和原材料產地,而是將裝備製造能力、就業崗位和更多的收益留在當地。
但是風電產業之所以得到如此強大的推動,環境意涵是重要的因素。在環境維度上,
風電產業對於中國整體的貢獻突出,但是對於酒泉當地,風電產業非但沒有帶來環境效 益,反而加劇了當地的環境污染和生態破壞。由於地方政府突破中央的規劃,超規模和 超速建設風電場,造成大面積的「棄風」,除了項目倒逼環評帶來的負面效應,這種過 熱還造成大量的資源閒置和浪費,並且傳遞到風電設備製造業。在環境意涵和西部發展 的保護傘之下,風電產業并不會招致太嚴厲的規制,反而獲得持續的支持,作為「棄風」
的解決方案,當地引入了火力發電站作為調峰電源,並且以所謂「循環經濟產業園」的 名義引入煤化工等高載能產業,對生態環境造成巨大壓力。
總的來說,通過「挖坑等樹」、「捆綁」和「撐傘」,風電政策在酒泉地方政府的 發生了異化,原來兼具多種政策意涵的風電產業,在地方層面轉化成了純粹的經濟政策,
並且超出了中央政府的規劃和監管,環境、產業升級等其他方面的考量,成為了地方推 動經濟政策的工具。同時,由於風電政策在中央政府依然具有諸多意涵,所以地方政府 對於風電政策的轉化,比其他產業更容易得到容忍。這種轉化在平衡東西部經濟發展意 義上具有積極正面的意義,但是環境意義僅僅停留在全國的層面上,實際上加劇了西部 地區的環境壓力。
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