• 沒有找到結果。

附錄 4. C.

6.1 結論

本論文主要是提供了一個對於二階與 n 階不穩定系統間是否存在切換律使 系統達到穩定的三個充分條件的對等性,以及把此方法運用到擁有輸入的不可穩 定的控制系統中;以及在切換律的運用上,我們探討切換時機的特性,並且由附 錄 3.A 為例,提出一個使不穩定狀態系統藉由切換達到穩定的切換律建構方 法。接下來我精簡扼要的把本文中貢獻描述如下:

1、在二個皆為不穩定的二階系統

x

&(

t

) =

A

i

x

(

t

),

i = 1 , 2

中,我們首利用[14]

所提出使用里奧波諾夫分析方法建構不穩定二階系統之切換律,且使此 系統藉由此切換律達到穩定的充分條件,以及另外兩個很明顯成立的充 分條件,並且經由證明後得出,此三個條件是互相對等。

2、相同於 1、所述,我們接下來證明在 n 階不穩定系統時,此三個條件亦 是互相對等。

3、藉由 1、2、的結果,我們更進階的推廣到對於包含有控制律的 n 階不穩 定狀態系統

x

& =

Ax

+

b

i

u

i

= 1,2 ,其中(

A

,

b

1) 與(

A

,

b

2) 皆為不可 穩定化(Unstabilizable)。我們提出一個尋找切換律使得此包含有控制 律的 n 階不穩定系統達到穩定的方法。

4、接著我們把 3、所述之條件,並且參照由[14]中尋找切換律的方法(也就 是附錄 3.A),寫出建構切換律的步驟。

5、我們也探討一個出現在公式(3.9)的控制參數ε,由 5.1.2 節的模擬得 出,我們改變ε值的大小,當ε的值越大時,在初始值為 的系統 狀態被推上順滑面(sliding surface)的時間越快,而且上到順滑面後,

系 統 判 斷 切 換 的 時 間 也 越 短 , 也 就 是 說 , 提 高

) ( 0

0

t x

ε 值 可 以 消 減 (eliminate)"切跳(Chattering)"的現象;而當ε的值越小時,在初始 值為 的系統狀態被推上順滑面(sliding surface)的時間越慢,

且系統判斷切換的時間越長,也就是"切跳(Chattering)"的現象會隨 )

( 0

0

t x

ε的值越小而增加,即是此時系統軌跡對於平衡點的擺幅將會變大。

6.2 未來研究的方向

在前一小節已經列舉出目前研究的相關結果。然而事實上還有許多可以讓我 們深入研究的地方:

首先,一個很明顯能夠看出來的方向:本篇論文中主要研究的兩個狀態系統 為

x

&(

t

) =

A

i

x

(

t

)與

x

& =

Ax

+

b

i

u

i

= 1,2 。我們可以把不穩定系統的數目增 加,也就是當

i

=1,2,K,

m

m

> 2 時,再依照第四章所提出的三個充分條件

來建構出使此系統穩定之切換律的充分條件。

另外我們得知,在[26]中提出的兩個不穩定狀態系統,並不符合[8]中所述 的尋找切換律條件,但是仍然可以藉由切換來達到穩定。因此能否建構出整個不 穩定狀態系統切換律的充分與必要條件將會是未來我們所要研究的一個主要方 向之一。

其次,在 4.4 節探討擁有控制律 的不穩定系統間是否存在有切換律使 系統達到穩定的部分,本篇論文只有提出一個尋找切換律的方法,以及提供一個 建構切換律的步驟。然而離此研究的最終目的:建構出整個藉由切換律使系統達 到穩定的充分與必要條件還有一段距離,這也是未來我們需要加以研究討論的地 方。

) ( x

u

最後我們可以把此建構切換律的方法運用到實作上,比如電子電路上的切換 器系統等等,並且可以與一般傳統的控制方法作比較,來探討其優缺點、適用的 範圍與實用性。

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