結論與建議 - 女性創業者職家衝突與創業自我效能相關之研究

根據文獻、相關研究及研究結果歸納後，本章將各假設驗證結果歸納為研究結論，並依據研究目的與結果提出建議。

研究結論

依據問卷統計結果分析，此節將針對女性創業者背景、職家衝突與創業自我效能三個層面歸納後進行說明：

一、女性創業者之職家衝突

本研究之女性創業者樣本來自於歷屆菁英獎得主，根據本研究結果顯示，此族群之職家衝突情形普遍感受程度不高。以女性創業者間的楷模身分立足，此族群之事業體已有一定的規模。比起一般女性創業者，此族群之事業可能有較穩定的運營，使其在扮演家庭與工作角色時，有足夠的資源得以分配，不致角色產生衝突。

二、女性創業者之創業自我效能

本研究之女性創業者其創業自我效能情形整體而言偏高，也就是女性創業者對於創業各階段的自我信心程度偏高。這也呼應了前述女性創業者事業體發展階段之想法，由於事業已拓展一定的規模，隨著事業體穩定，創業自我效能可能隨之成長。相較初創業的女性創業者，有一定成就的女性創業者其創業自我效能可能因為事業的階段與規模，顯現出創業自我效能的高度自信。

三、女性創業者之職家衝突與創業自我效能之關聯

本研究女性創業者之職家衝突與創業自我效能間並無顯著的影響，也就是女性創業者的職家衝突情形高低程度與創業自我效能之信心程度無顯著性的關聯。歸納上述的推論，本研究認為原因有二：

(一) 被視為楷模的女性創業者在事業體上達到一定的目標與成就，

可能有足夠的資運分配於不同角色間運用，減低角色間的衝突與矛盾，進而減低職家衝突情形。

(二) 隨著事業的成長，女性創業者之創業自我效能可能隨之提升，

故女性創業者的對於創業各階段的自我信心程度，可能隨創業階段的不同而有所改變。

四、女性創業者個人背景與職家衝突及創業自我效能之關聯

經過統計方法檢定，本研究之個人背景（年齡、學歷、婚姻狀況、創業經驗、失業經驗及家庭背景）對職家衝突及創業自我效能之關聯均無顯著之影響，與過去的研究結果相異，可能的原因如下：

(一) 處於初期創業階段的女性比起已創業穩定的女性，可能有較大的機會面臨職家衝突情形，因為事業的起步比起穩定的事業可能面臨更多挑戰與資源的爭奪。

(二) 過去有關職家衝突的研究多以一般在職女性為研究對象，與本研究聚焦之女性創業者有所不同，在職家衝突的感知上或許具有不一樣的感受。

(三) 本研究之女性創業者聚焦於已有一定成就之女性菁英，對於此階段之女性創業者而言，個人屬性與家庭背景可能對其職家衝突感受程度與創業自我效能的高低沒有直接的影響。

研究建議

一、對未來欲創業女性之建議

針對已有一定成就的女性創業者進行調查，發現此族群有高度創業自我效能，對於自己各創業層面所需要達成的任務，具有相當的自信，同時發現此族群有較低的職家衝突，推測可能因為比起一般受雇者，創業者有更多的資源可以自由調配與運用。對於未來想要創業的女性，如現階段對於職家衝突有較高的感受，或擔心創業後無法兼顧事業與家庭，可參考本研究之結果。在經過初期創業階段後的艱辛，

或有機會有較高的彈性分配資源，讓家庭與工作足以兼顧。當然，創業並不是絕對成功的途徑，創業各階段都需要面臨不同的挑戰，須謹慎評估自身能力與時機，本研究建議僅供參考。

二、後續研究建議

(一) 本研究設計之樣本取得不易，在研究設計上有一定的限制，得獎女性創業者在事業上具有一定的成就，與一般女性創業者或有不同的感知程度，建議未來可以針對一般女性創業者進行階段式的調查，追蹤其創業不同階段的職家衝突與創業自我效能情形。

(二) 針對女性創業者之個人屬性與創業自我效能及職家衝突之關聯性，與過去一般在職者的相關研究有不一樣的結果，建議未來若以女性創業者的個人屬性進行研究，可以質性方式進行研究，釐清女性創業者是否有特別的個人屬性影響兩者間的變化，或以量化研究方式比較一般女性創業者與傑出女性創業者間的職家衝突與創業自我效能之差異。

(三) 本研究對象中有 78.8%的女性創業菁英來自於父親、母親或父母皆有創業經驗的家庭，建議未來可以以此家庭特性進行後續研究的設計，瞭解原生家庭與女性創業菁英間是否有關鍵因素造就女性創業者的成功。

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