全台灣現在有200 多萬路跑人口，且持續成長中；再加上自行車人口 估計已破百萬。隨著運動人口數的增加，運動飲料銷售量大幅提升。隨著 近年消費者健康意識提升，運動飲料也走健康補給風。
研究顯示，運動前和運動期間給予支鏈胺基酸補充，可避免中樞疲勞，
改善耐力運動的表現 (溫 1997；林 2010； Campos-Ferraz et al., 2013；
Monteiro et al.,2009；Choi et al.,2013)。截至 2013 年 4 月為止，經衛生署食 品藥物管理局核可的抗疲勞功能保健食品，共8 項主要產品為：雞精、冬 蟲夏草菌絲體粉末膠囊、人蔘及蜆精。有關抗疲勞保健食品的有效成分為：
總支鏈胺基酸(白胺酸、異白胺酸、纈胺酸)、腺苷和甘露醇、人蔘配醣體、
肝醣等。(http://agbio.coa.gov.tw/information_detail.aspx?dno=41598&ito=30 )。
試驗顯示菇柄及其副產物富含蛋白質、多醣及胺基酸，營養成分與菇 傘成分相似，具再利用價值。研發之菇類胺基酸運動補充品配方，是以非 化學萃取方式進行即可獲得游離態胺基酸，無需酵素或酸水解。菇類胺基 酸運動補充品配方萃取物，含有完整的必須胺基酸，尤其是黃金比例的支 鏈胺基酸，豐富天然麩胺酸、多醣體、多酚類成分及高抗氧化力 (表七、
八)，製成晶凍產品，可以補充耐力運動者的體力，產品劑型方便攜帶，如
100
圖七。
結 語
菇蕈類品種多樣，成分種類特殊而多元，菇類多醣、多酚類、胺基酸、
麥角固醇、三萜類等等，這些成分因品種、栽培季節，甚至是栽培基質不 同，含量會有多寡的差異。研究菇蕈類產品的機能性成分，以科學數據證 實其功效性及可利用性，開發多樣性高附加價值產品，有助於支持國內菇 蕈類產業永續發展。
引用文獻
1. 溫鑫華。1997。補充支鏈胺基酸及天門冬胺酸對耐力型運動員之運動表 現之影響。輔仁大學／食品營養學系碩士論文. pp.88。
2. 楊淑惠、楊鎮榮、陳宜嫻。2007。銀耳多醣應用為皮膚保養原料之活體 外及活體內評估。台灣農業研究 56(2):143-151。
3. 林芷筠。2010。支鏈胺基酸與肌酸增補對耐力運動與瞬發力運動之貢獻。
國立臺灣師範大學類發展與家庭學系碩士論文. pp.94。
4. 陳鯤兆、吳昭慧、廖俊旺、楊淑惠。2010。銀耳多醣於改善便秘之動物 模式評估。台灣農業研究 59(2):126-133。
5. 陳鯤兆、吳昭慧、陳忠信、廖俊旺、楊正義、楊淑惠。2012 。銀耳多 醣不織布敷料於大鼠創口癒合之功效。台灣農業研究 61(1)。
6. 楊淑惠。2013。毛木耳萃取物用於改善骨質疏鬆症及憂鬱症之用途。台 灣新發明專利 I411439 。
7. 陳一凡。2015。補充支鏈胺基酸、精胺酸與瓜胺酸對跆拳道反應式技術 表現與中樞疲勞的影響。中國文化大學／體育學系運動教練博士班論文 pp108。
8.
Campos-Ferraz, P. L., T. Bozza, H. Nicastro, & A. H. Lancha.
2013. Distinct effects of leucine or a mixture of the branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) supplementation on resistance to fatigue, and muscle and liver-glycogen degradation, in trained rats. Nutrition. 29:1388-1394.9. Monteiro, G. A., M. S. Aoki, C. B. Santos, A .G. Monteiro, A. Russo, and I.
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C. Piçarro. 2009. Effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on endurance exercise performance of pregnant rats.
Science & Sports. 24(2):102-107.
10. Choi, S., B. Disilvio, M. H. Fernstrom, and J. D. Fernstrom. 2013. Oral branched-chain amino acid supplements that reduce brain serotonin during exercise in rats also lower brain catecholamines. Amino Acids 45(5):1133-42.
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圖一、銀耳多醣萃取液。 圖二、銀耳多醣系列皮膚保濕化妝品。
圖三、銀耳多醣不織布、多孔體及水膠。 圖四、含銀耳多醣及纖維便秘改善產品。
圖五、木耳萃取物產品-青春飲。 圖七、菇類胺基酸運動補充品-活力晶凍。
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圖六、飲食中添加不同劑量的木耳萃取物對於卵巢切除雌鼠骨組織密度之 影響。V0: OVX rat fed on chow diet; V1: OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.125 g kg -1 BW APE; V2: OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.25 g kg -1 BW APE; V3:
OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.5 g kg -1BW APE.
Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n=6).
44.7
57.0 56.0 57.0
ratio%
groups
* * *
V0 V1 V2 V3
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表一、銀耳多醣萃取液對STO 小鼠胎體層纖維細胞存活率之影響 Days after
incubation
Polysaccharide concentration ( μg/mL)
0 1 5 12.5 25 50 250 3 97.5±1.0 96.0±2.0 96.3±2.4 96.4±2.9 96.0±1.52 98.7±0.9*
7 98.1±1.1 98.0±0.7 99.5±0.5 98.2±1.1 99.±0.9 100.0±0.0*
14 94.7±1.0 97.4±0.6* 96.7±0.9* 96.4±1.2 95.4±0.8 94.0±1.0
1 DMEM: Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium contain 5% FBS.
2 Cell survival rate (%); Mean±SD, n= four wells per group in a 24-well plate.
* Significant difference between the control and treated groups at p < 0.05.
表二、銀耳多醣萃取液塗於人體正常或乾性皮對角質層水合量之影響
Skin
Type Treatment Treated time (min.)/Water content (%)
30 60 90 120 150 180
Normal Distilled water 09.0±0.01 09.0±0.3 08.7±0.2 08.5±0.2 08.0±0.3 08.0±0.3 Tremella
polysaccharide 2 12.2±0.9* 12.5±0.8* 12.0±0.7* 12.8±0.8* 11.3±1.1* 12.5±0.6*
Water content 35.6±9.13 38.9±6.6 37.9±11.0 50.6±9.1 41.3±9.6 56.3±11.3 Dry Distilled water 07.8±0.2 07.3±0.2 07.3±0.2 07.3±0.3 07.2±0.2 07.3±0.2
Tremella
polysaccharide y 09.8±0.7* 10.5±0.8* 09.5±0.6* 09.9±0.5* 09.5±1.1* 09.5±0.8*
Water content 25.6±9.8 43.8±13.6 30.1±10.2 35.6±10.3 31.9±17.6 30.1±14.2
1Hydration unit: a.u. ; Mean±S.E (n=6).
2Tremella polysaccharide concentration is 5%.
3 Water content (%)=【(Test group a.u.-Contrast group a.u)/ Contrast group a.u.】× 100 * Significant difference between the distilled water and Tremella-treated group at p < 0.05.
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表三、各敷料之大鼠皮膚創口癒合面積
z Ag-NC = Negative control group, Kal-PC = Positive control, Tp-nonW = Tremella polysaccharide dressing
y Wound residual area （%） was calculated by the area of wound and divided with total excised area （2 cm x 2 cm） and then multiplied with 100
x Wound healing area （%） was calculated by the total excised area minus area of wound and divided with total excised area （2 cm x 2 cm） and then multiplied with 100
w Data was expressed as Mean ± SD（n=5）
v* Significant difference between the control and treated groups at p < 0.05.
表四、大鼠糞便含水量
zC=control；NC=negative control；TPL=Tremella polysaccharide low dose；TPH=Tremella polysaccharide high dose：
y Data were expressed as mean ± SD （n=8）.
x Significant difference compared to negative control at p＜0.05
w Significant difference compared to positive control at p＜0.05.
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表五、飲食中添加不同劑量的木耳萃取物對於卵巢切除雌鼠血漿生化值之 影響
Plasma parameters V0 z V1 V2 V3
Total Cholesterol (mg dL-1) 86.6 ± 6.9 92.3 ± 8.3 81.8 ± 8.1 73.7 ± 4.5 HDL-C (mg dL-1) 20.7 ± 0.7 23.5 ± 1.7 23.2 ± 1.5 25.1 ±1.3*y LDL-C (mg dL-1) 10.5 ± 0.3 11.0 ± 0.4 10.1 ± 0.3 8.8 ± 0.2* Triglyceride (mg dL-1) 60.5 ± 4.7 38.0 ± 8.3* 43.0 ± 5.7* 30.3 ± 0.6*
AST (U L-1) 139 ± 44 87 ± 19* 98 ± 11* 80.0 ± 3*
ALT (U L-1) 60.0 ± 5.9 41.3 ± 9.4* 42.0 ± 5.6* 44.7 ± 7.2*
Albumin (mg dL-1) 3.7 ± 0.4 3.6 ± 0.3 3.6 ± 0.3 3.5 ± 0.2
Creatinine (mg dL-1) 0.76 ± 0.03 0.66 ± 0.04* 0.67 ± 0.02* 0.63 ± 0.01* BUN (mg dL-1) 20.1 ± 1.4 14.8 ± 0.7* 16.1 ± 1.2* 16.8 ± 0.2* Uric acid (mg dL-1) 2.2 ± 0.3 0.9 ± 0.1* 1.4 ± 0.1* 0.9 ± 0.1*
Glucose AC(mg dL-1) 150 ± 7 123 ± 8* 110 ± 8* 116 ± 5*
z V0: OVX rat fed on chow diet; V1: OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.125 g/kg BW APE; V2: OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.25 g/kg BW APE; V3: OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.5 g/kg BW APE.
y All values are presented as mean ± SEM (n=6). Means within each row shared with different letter(s) are significantly different from each group (p＜ 0.05).
表六、餵食不同實驗飼料八週後強迫游水試驗結果
Forced swimming test Rats with different treatments
X0z A0 A1
immobility time（s） 282.04±40.56a 137.17±19.88b 117.77±19.88b climbing time（s） 104.24±23.39y 112.23±10.62 111.91±15.38 swimming time（s） 217.72±18.82b 350.60±16.59a 370.31±9.50a
z X0: sham-operated rat fed on chow diet; A0: OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.125g/kg BW APE; A1: OVX rat fed on chow diet supplemented with 0.5g/kg BW APE
y All values are presented as mean ± SEM. Means within each row shared with different letter(s) are significantly different from each group (p＜ 0.05).
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表七、菇類胺基酸運動補充品配方胺基酸
Item Amino acid mg/100 mL
BCAA mg/100 mL
Proline mg/100 mL
Glutamic mg/100 mL
Histidine mg/100 mL
Formula 102.9 11.17 28.65 22.37 16.88
表八、菇類胺基酸運動補充品配方抗氧化成分及抗氧化力 Item C-protein
mg/g dry ext
T-phenol mg/g dry ext
Flavonoid mg/g dry ext
DPPH EC50 mg/g dry ext
FRAP value trolox mM/g dry ext
TEAC value trolox mM/g dry ext
Formula 320 12.53 1.33 20.7 26.5 108.7
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