柑桔黃龍病之研究及健康管理
E. Cautions of injection:
(1) Injection is made in the forenoon of sun-shining day.
(2) Irrigation of water has to be done just after injection in dry soil.
(3) Pruning off the diseased twigs or branches 1 week after the last injection.
(4) Injection pressure within an injector at 80 lbs.
(5) Treatment of injection hole with pruning protectant paint e.g. wound paste (Topsin M) or sick solution of copper oxychloride + metalaxyl (100X).
(6) A injection recommended for curing HLB-diseased trees at early stage of disease (<50％ diseased twig).
(7) Injection time : just before sprouting time or after harvest (spring , autumn).
結論與展望
柑桔黃龍病起因於不能培養之特殊細菌，係系統性似病毒病害，主要 經種苗傳播，在田間由木蝨傳播蔓延，易流行發生成災。此病通常以綜合 防治法防治。無病種苗之生產體制建立係首要對策。病菌偵測技術已建立，
對無病種苗之檢疫及健康管理有助益。吾國無病種苗生產與驗証制度早已 建立完成，唯未普及推行，無病苗對HLB管理及產業更新尚未成效。無病 苗定植後田間健康管理仍待改進與推行。其中病株傳染源之撲滅需要徹底 執行，而媒介木蝨之藥劑驅除對此病之防治亦是基本原則。今後此病之進 一步流行病學研究可供為HLB管理改進之依據。至今尚未發現具有此病的 抗性品種，仍待今後遺傳工程或一般育種育成抗病性品種，以抵擋柑桔黃 龍病之侵襲。
謝 辭
本文作者非常感謝曾經參與柑桔黃龍病及相關研究的學生，共同辛苦 努力的成果得以有些學術上貢獻，亦應用於台灣柑桔的產業改進，本文主 要引用其綜合研究成果。參與研究者包括千貞旭博士(頂稍微體嫁接改進 法)；黃安利博士(黃龍病菌電子顯微鏡觀察)；蔡美珍博士(柑桔萎縮病毒之 單元抗體製備)；洪挺軒博士(黃龍病菌之偵測)；洪士程博士(媒介昆蟲柑桔 木蝨之媒介特性及傳播生態研究)；蔡佳欣博士(黃龍病菌系統與發生生態及 抗生素藥療研究)以及馮雅智小姐(黃龍病菌系統之生態與分子鑑定)。至於 無病種苗體制之建立與推行受嘉義農試分所同仁與所長之協助與合作甚 多，在此表示謝忱。
引用文獻
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ABSTRACT
The Development and Effective Use of Pathogen-free Seedling as the Main Component of IPM of Citrus Huanglongbing
Disease
H. J. Su1,3, C. H. Tsai2, Y. C. Feng1 and T. H. Hung1
1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
2 Dept. of Plant Pathology, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wu-feng, Taichung 413, Taiwan
3 Corresponding author, Email: [email protected]
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) locally called “Likubin” was fist identified in Taiwan in 1951, and became seriously epidemic over the island in 1956.
Thenafter, Matsumoto and his colleagues started etiological study on the disease and clarified the transmissible nature as a virus-like disease and finally found phloem-limited fastidious bacteria with pleomorphic morphology to be associated with HLB. Nowadays, the tropical form of psyllid-borne HLB pathogen has been nominated as Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. So far, the authors identified four strains of HLB pathogen in Taiwan. The greening disease commonly with mix-infection of citrus tristeza and/or tatter leaf viruses, causes sever yellow mottling and decline, and ultimately death of citrus tree. These systemic diseases are generally controlled by the integrated control measures including cultivation of pathogen-free seedlings, elimination of inoculum sources and prevention of secondary spread by controlling vector insects.
Establishment of pathogen-free nursery system is primarily important for preventing prevalence of these diseases. The pathogen-free nursery system has been properly performed through improved techniques of shoot-tip micrografting for obtaining virus/HLB-free citrus foundation stocks, and then production of healthy citrus seedlings within insect-proof screen house under health certificate regulation in Taiwan. The precise and rapid indexing techniques are indispensable for management of pathogen-free nursery system
and health management of citrus tree in the field. Production and cultivation of pathogen-free and high-quality nursery trees are fundamentally important component of HLB management. A healthy citrus orchard planted with pathogen-free seedling may outlive the grower. Healthy citrus trees have a great potential for sustainable high yield over many decades, provided appropriate horticultural and disease management practices are followed.
Key words: Citrus Huanglongbing、HLB strain、health management、
pathogen-free nursery system