REQUIREMENTS AT POLICY LEVEL

（對政策階層的要求）

16. In any important activity, the manner in which people act is conditioned by requirements set at a high level.

The highest level affecting nuclear plant safety is the legislative level, at which the national basis for

Safety Culture is set.

在任何重要的活動中，人員的行動被要求要有高的水準。影響核 電廠安全之最高水準乃是立法機構所要求的水準，而安全文化的 國際基準，也是依此而訂出。 (安全文化準則第 16 條)

17. Governments discharge their responsibilities to regulate the safety of nuclear plants and other

potentially hazardous installations and activities in order to protect individuals, the public at large and the environment. Legislation is backed by the necessary advisory and regulatory bodies, which have sufficient staff, funding and powers to perform their duties and the freedom to do so without undue interference. In this way, national climates are fostered in which attention to safety is a matter of everyday concern.

Governments also encourage international exchanges aimed at safety improvements and seek to minimize any commercial or political impediments to such exchanges.

政府將職責立法於核電安全及其它有潛在危害的設備及活動的規 章中，以便保護個人、大眾及環境。該規章要獲得必要的咨詢及 管理團體的支持，且需有足夠數量的員工、資金、權限等以展現 其職責及不受過度阻礙的獨立自主性。如此而來，全國的（安 全）氣候會被培育，以致注意安全就會成為每日的重要事務。政

府也要鼓勵目的為提昇安全的國際性交流，並要儘量減少因商業 或政治所引起的阻礙。 (安全文化準則第 17 條)

18. Within an organization, similar considerations apply.

policies promoted at a high level create the working environment and condition individual behaviour.

組織內部要通盤考量政策的實施，以開創高水準的工作環境及個 人行為的狀態。 (安全文化準則第 18 條)

19. Safety policies and their detailed implementation vary depending on the nature of the organization and the activities of its staff, but important common features can be defined. Sections 3.1.1 to 3.1.5 show how such commitment at the policy level is declared and

supported.

安全政策的落實，全賴組織及員工活動的特性，但重要的共同 特徵將被定義。單元 3.1.1 至 3.1.5 將指出決策階層的承諾要 被公開及支持。 (安全文化準則第 19 條)

3．1．1． Statement of safety Policy

（安全政策的宣言）

20. An organization pursuing activities with a bearing on nuclear plant makes its responsibilities well known and understood in a safety policy statement. This statement is provided as guidance to staff. and to declare the organization's objectives and the public commitment of corporate management to nuclear plant safety.

組織要對核能電廠有跟催活動，促使其職責已被完全知道，及其 安全政策的宣言已被瞭解。此宣言係為引導全體員工，並宣告組 織的目標及公司經營者對核能電廠安全的公開承諾。

(安全文化準則第 20 條)

21. Safety policy statements by different bodies with differing functions vary in both form and content. An operating organization has full and formal

responsibility for the safety of its nuclear plants.

Its safety policy statement is clear and is provided to all staff. This statement declares a commitment to

excellent performance in all activities important for the safety of nuclear plants, making it plain that nuclear plant safety has the utmost priority,

overriding if necessary the demands of production or project schedules.

安全政策的宣言在不同的團體有不同的作用，以便能表裡一致。

22. A regulatory body has a weighty influence on the safety of nuclear plants within its purview and an effective Safety Culture pervades its own organization and its staff. The basis is again set down in a safety policy statement. This makes a commitment to implement

legislation and to act to promote plant safety and the protection of individuals and the public, and to

protect the environment.

管控部門對核能電廠的安全，在其權限範圍內，應有相當重的影 響力，並能有效的將安全文化普及其本身的組織及其員工。各項 準則需被回歸於安全政策宣言之下，以確保履行法令及提升電廠 安全並保護個人、大眾及環境。 (安全文化準則 第 22 條)

23. Supporting organizations, which include those

responsible for design, manufacture, construction and research, influence greatly the safety of nuclear

plants. Their primary responsibility is for quality of the product, whether this is a design or a manufactured component, installed equipment, a safety report or

software development, or any other output important to safety. The basis for Safety Culture in such an

organization is the directive establishing policy and practices to achieve quality, and thereby to meet the safety objectives of the future operator.

包含有責於設計、製造、建造及研究等支援組織，其對核能電廠 的安全影響至鉅；不管是設計或零件加工、安裝之設備、安全報 告或軟體發展，或任何其他與安全相關的重大產出，其首要的責 任為產品品質；在此組織中之安全文化的基準，是以指令建立於 政策及常規以達到此品質要求，並且因此能符合未來操作人員的 安全目標。

(安全文化準則第 23 條)

3．1．2．Management structures

（管理結構）

24. Implementation of these safety policies requires that

accountability in safety matters is clear.

在安全事件中執行安全政策時，需要予以清楚的說明。

(安全文化準則第 24 條)

25. The detailed way in which this is achieved depends on the role of the organization, but one key requirement is common to all: strong lines of authority are

established for those matters bearing on nuclear plant safety, by means of clear reporting lines and few and simple interfaces, supported by the definition and documentation of duties.

在履行組織所派予的任務時，要有詳細的步驟，但其應有全體 共有的重要要求事項：當事件與核能電廠安全有關時，要建立 強而有力的管道，用以清楚的回報、少及簡單的介面、職務說 明及明確支援。 (安全文化 準則第 25 條)

26. The formal responsibility for plant safety lies with the operating organizations and the delegated authority with the plant manager. In the contributing

organizations, the equivalent requirement is to ensure by management structure and definition of duties that responsibility for the quality of the product is well defined.

操作組織及電廠經營者的管理代表，擔負了核電廠安全的正式責 任；在參與的各個組織中，類似的要求乃是在依據管理結構及定 義其職責，以確保產品品質的責任是很明確的。

(安全文化準則第 26 條)

27. Large organizations with significant impact on nuclear plant safety provide independent internal management

units with responsibility for the surveillance of nuclear safety activities

當核能電廠安全有重大的衝擊時，大規模的組織會提供獨立的內 部管理部門，以盡監視核能安全活動之責。

(安全文化準則第 27 條)

28. In operating organizations, these units have the role of scrutinizing safety practices at the plant. They report at a senior management level, ensuring the integration of safety responsibilities into the management chain with a prominence matching that of other main functions. Supporting organizations adopt similar methods to achieve product quality, involving audit and review practices with arrangements for

reporting at a senior level.

在操作組織中，這些部門具有詳細檢查核能電廠安全實務的角 色，他們會向高級管理階層提出報告，以確保整體的安全責任均 在管理鍊內，並凸顯要與其他主要功能相互一致。支援組織也要 採取相類似的方法，其包含稽核與審查業務及安排向高階管理者 報告等，以達到產品品質的要求。

(安全文化準則第 28 條)

3．1．3．Resources

（資源）

29. Adequate resources are devoted to safety.

要有足夠的資源，以致力於安全。 (安全文化準則第 29 條)

30. Sufficient experienced staff are available,

supplemented as necessary by consultants or contractors,

so that duties relevant to nuclear plant safety may be carried out without undue haste or pressure. Staffing policies ensure that competent individuals can advance through the key posts. Training of staff is recognized as vital and the necessary resources are devoted to it.

Funding is sufficient to ensure that staff in all safety related tasks have available to them the necessary equipment, facilities and supporting

technical infrastructure. The working environment for such staff is conducive to the effective performance of their duties.

當顧問或契約有需要時，要有足夠經驗的員工以供運用或增援，

以致與核能電廠相關的責任，均能被落實，而不致於太匆忙或緊 迫。人力資源的策略要確保有能者可被提升至重要的職位，員工 的訓練要鑑別其必要性並提供必要的資源。要有足夠的資金以確 保員工從事所有安全相關工作時，可資利用於其必要之設備、技 能及基礎建設的技術支援等；上述員工的工作環境需可促其有效 的完成其職責。 (安全文化準則 第 30 條)

Self-regulation

（自我要求）

31. As a matter of policy, all organizations arrange for regular review of those of their practices that

contribute to nuclear plant safety.

就政策而言，整體組織要安排定期審查並致力於核能電廠安全的 常規。 (安全文化準則第 31 條)

32. This includes, for example, staff appointments and

training, the feedback of operating experience, and the control of design changes, plant modifications and

operating procedures. The intent is to bring fresh judgement to bear and to allow new approaches to be suggested by involving fully competent individuals or bodies outside the normal chain of command. Such

arrangements are promoted as natural and helpful aids to the practitioners, and they avoid the appearance of a punitive search for shortcomings.

舉例而言，其包含員工的委派及訓練、操作經驗的回饋、管控與 設計的變更、操作程序及電廠的修正。其意圖能使新的見解能被 獲得及允許新的方法能被提議並經有充分能力的個人或外部團體 正式的同意。諸如此類的安排是為提升從事者的天性及有利援助 其躲避明顯的懲罰並找出缺點。 (安全文化準則第 32 條)

3．1．5．Commitment

（承諾）

33. Paragraphs 16-32 cover activities which define the

working environment and which require corporate level commitment for success. This commitment is publicly asserted and well known, shows the stance of corporate management in relation to its social responsibilities, and demonstrates also an organization's willingness to be open in safety matters.

第 16-32 段所涵蓋的活動包括工作環境的定義及因績效而要求 組織階層的承諾；該承諾要公開的宣稱及充分的被瞭解，並能 展現出組織管理者相關社會責任的立場，及組織公開安全事件 的意願。 (安全文化準則第 33 條)

34. On a personal basis, managers at the most senior level demonstrate their commitment by their attention to regular review of the processes that bear on nuclear safety, by taking direct interest in the more

significant questions of nuclear safety or product quality as they arise, and by frequent citation of the importance of safety and quality in communications to staff. In particular, nuclear plant safety is an

important agenda item at meetings of boards of operating organizations.

對個人而言，最高階的管理者要證明他們的承諾有被他們所專注 及定期審查的過程，並足以承擔核能安全。當直接關注於重大核 能安全或產品品質問題被提出時，要經常引用安全及品質的重要 性以傳達於員工，尤其是核能電廠安全在操作組織部門會議中是 重要議程的項目時。 (安全文化準則第 34 條)