傳播、民意與民主政治

全文

(1)• G[. p,. '«:. ~!. ;f ')J ~. ~ ..!iF. ')J. *-~ ~~. ~ ~. ~<fi , ,g. _ ?f. ~~. ~[\f. l?/[Jl.f ~~. #1i 2M - } ~. '. ,. m 'il. ))i}~. ~I 1t1. 'il~. ~'gI .m;g , ltl~. ~w. ,. Z. ~w. -. ~ ~. ~fl1,. tW. l1J1:i!. IUl §. 3t. @. m. •.

(2) • 13 •.

(3) Jt!I':::' 1'I,1f JL t- ~ tIl 0. ~-. tal. , I. fw 1. m-:. T. 15). :f;j. ~. If'. ~ 'if;. :r~.. rtJ. ~~~. • • t:p.. ~ ~ ~. t. ' ~.'~ A. ~ I. ~~.~~.*·~~J1t.. em ,. *. Fl. IE. ••. _~ m § = M~~#mg'~ ~~ffi ff~~ MM tli~.flItMi ~}.tJG/J· tE~l1)[ l'Pi ' Ijjt& {riJ ~~' A ~ KA.~~~ ' ~ft.ru~~ ~~A~ W~ a ~~~hlI. ~ ~.m~~ft.m~. M~A t ~~ /J ;t'MO'iJtmf!&t~'R f~' i1&~AJl~ 'i _~ A · ' 1JII I~ r:p Jg! tili ~Ij ~ ?-j': ttl , ~ lL Jm. m. *. ~W~~M~.a ~~ A~*~~M~~m~ •F... ~ J!!l .g- .R (t.J , , -.te ' .tE ~ J$) & $I: Ijij t'I9 .~fiM~ • • • ~~! ~.~ ~ § m~~.~ ~Ij , ~ 0'9 t~ ;{:jg- ¥!.. ,."j ~ IJ], ,~ ~ El3 t~ i!eJ 1M] nt. -. l ili m,. oA . ~ a~~~~~ A. I~G'. ••. ~ ~~~o. ••. ~tfJ~. 5t~IJif'~J{t. ~ rEtljI ~. ;. ~. m .IJ 5tB'9~. 51 1 ~ ~~ tfi 1ltiA $~. ± t:p /1' Wj~ m~1f :tE. 1 ~; fJJ ~;. i5l'1J ~ 11II~!'r'!l. l~. Jt~ttI}-~,. ,WUlt~. 7/-. 1t. ' 7t. *- -F.r ~ lJ: kfC ffj ~ if){ ~ zr- ~ i( 4 ~. Tf:t fo'j. iJj{. ~. ;. ale J!. *. tI. jt _0. ~ :no ~ i5( t~ B'9 ~ ~. /I' )JU~ ~ . d{(. '. ~~~. ~ ~. ~.A ~W~. ~~ W 1. ~/1'~'.A. ~p Jl ~ ~ 6f ±. ••. ~x ~~ ~. ~_ft.. #~~. O'iJ _. ~~.~~A. • 1*,. PTr.~J. ~ 'rm i1i--iJ ~ j]3{ ~~. ~ ~~. ••. 1jJ~!'[-T*iITt O'iJ ~r--rl!l!tJiI1t f5} Tffijrr~m,. mEl?. n. m. m. fi -, tv mi .QX; 1FJ ~ • Iff '. nt ~ I[l , ;(£ 7\. ntm.~~.. IDT *-~wa ~ mO'iJ. W~fflT~if~~~. ~ fi~~ ~ ~. .~.~ ~ *~.~. if -. Bf<. ~ ~. 4t. ~~ o~ ~.Mm~. ~ ~ f!j. 1'lJ ' , 1tt2, ~~ f~. T fIf II II. }'fj (tJ •. ~ ~ ~, rw:. ~~~ffiM~~. ~~nT.~B'il ,~B'il ~ W ~.Rtv@~ •. ". *.ffi.~B~ ~ k};'~. o. ,m. 1t~~~r:l3W'. lw] l!X •. rEf}. J1t I».. £lQ. . A ~~~~. ~aA~~. I¥J li[ , , J1J ' ~ ni: if' fj i:l1! iii ;S:fj iE jf ~. ·. n. ~*w~~. J1t,~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~, • ~.~~~. .~~. ftffl ffi ~. ~ .ft. *. T~~1m'. W. ~. P'l ~ @:&. 9'.f: B , ~. tI. * ~+ ~ R ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ *C ~ ~. m~ ~.M /J tp.m ~ft~f~1r tp m. l. m. t. o. ~. A. ~ lil fJj tJ. '~~a~. ~. *. * * };. A 'ilf !II \. )! ~ )i rtr.. 00 A •. rtr.. a. A ~ M. ~ ' ~ *~;.'~~M.~tp~fi~o~,~ • • J~ ~ ~~ J1tt:p~'ffi ~*K A~~ . ~.~ft, i;~ J1t .-f JlD ~ 11" ifJ tiF T !1El ~ fF I¥J ff ~ 1m Sip 1L #6 1f ~ r£ ;l~ ~ :l! lfl 5!Ii it fii,t tE ~: jf- :i@ lilt: ;fj 115 ~. ¥Iffittlffi. @.. w nf.J. ~ (f9 ~ \EtJ. ~~~ .,.. •••. /1'~Mm.. o. ~ It pj[ § t.C. ~~.~ ~~. If!-. 0M '~*~ill·~~I~~~~ ~- ill~_~~~~'$~ fL ~ & ' EO ' T " ¥!f :fit J:l'~ r~ fI 1!l[ t..{I !ill '-/ =f ~ ti *- lli J1t ~ :::. ~ ~. t. ,. l;(. 5f1J ~ I. :r. "91H!'9 i5(. ~.~. o. * mm. *~ ~ ._~. ~.a~~.M~aM~~o~_~r--~~~~~.m~~~ 11 ' ftBf!'9 l£tM>W~1fIj~ Jtt ±{je'--"t1H~.iJ'#~ililJ '- 0 *l3? ? ~- ~m0A~~~~#~m.,~~~ ~~ .~,~*m.. i1&~~~0'iJ ~~ ~ r.j:1. f~. ,. ••. ilJ 191 l'If 191 ' tp I¥J ~ ~ ~ f3 itt ~ A ' 1- ~ !:t ~ ~ ~ ~ '" ~~~~~ I¥J .M'~'~~lli~. ~ ~~~o.~ lliA ~@. ;y 5l 'M. l'fl 0'9 1\iii.. mliX B'9 ~ *;. . ' ti A fi¥ ~. ~ l\'l .!ll ~ ~.M@~. ~ i~ I@C 00:. .. ~ ;flj; 7} ~Ii. jjillK~ ~. ~n~. am ~B'ilft. IiI IWl d~ 1j , ~ 7\. ~ ~ ~ a.J 1~ ~ ER M };. )( ti ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~.5t ffi -~.J1t'm. ~ ffl ~ ~h . nt ~ *m'~~ .~ llift ftMTOO* • • *tJ. ft.~ ~ ~ ~ Sffias~~_~ ~~ ~m • • • m~~ffi ~ *%~.. 5G ail. f*&tj>. IUrUf:t ;. *. ~~~'-/&~~g-$. 1:.. ~&~~. ~13~~Jil. ~. ., ~ ¥ 0'iJ~ § m~~~j8 ~ 'J1t~ ~ ~ A r- m~~t /J' H iElM~A 0 ~t ~ ~ 1L '-/. * •••. .~. A ~~ ft ~. .~~§,. tE :fJ- f$(. r-- ,. ~~&~~~. t'I9 li~ 11'. ~~B~~. 1'1-. ~I(~;@~. '. ~1 &~. l~ ~. A ~~r1Ulf{. ~ A~.e. ••. 11~~~A ~ ~~ m. ~. w. ~a,. ~ u . ~ W.~~ ~ ~r--~~~.*a~,~ ~~ ~o mpj[~~n ~T~.~ m ·' .~~.~m m .~~ ~ ~~~M~~mft K*W~O'iJ~~ z .m~ 'TA~~~~ Jl f't9 rf~ 11' J~ 1liM itt IMJ ' j{ 0 J# fJl. f;J if' j&'. ••. ~;@~. m. m. ,*. U .B.~~~~. tin, II. ~. ~. ~. i ~ . + .-~~a.~.~~~~'~·~~~~ A ~&~~ ~~~ A ·M~A A ~ ~ .~.~~8m~.Q.mm~~±m. .a. f:l;J]. I~ ifrt: 1~ 0 \J B'il ~.A ~ ~. r-- , ~ /\8- ~. 0 'll61 ~ 1!r ~ .AW ~ 1$ ~ • 110tl IiI fY9. ge. L.J. 'il\ 31 ~ J1t ~ ~ J1l. .~a ~~ *,~~ ~ m~~m~§.~~.~aM'~'~~ ~ ~ ' -. ~ ~~~fi~~~~ • • S~mA~~~~~~~. 1I. ~. 1'1. . 14 .. JIr. 15. .' , (t9 1& A 'M. ,. 1f1J. t~. T &M ~~~};. ~ . ale. •••. 3~w ~mm~ .QX; gg ~ ~ A ~:!'~ & fifj bf{{ ~ ~ ,~ ~ 7fj 1)- 0 J3;; ~f' if' };. ,~ , ijl(; (-8 J2:. ,m. . ~m .m*&. ••. .N~ft~Mfi~ ffi ~~~'~m~ T *O'iJ~};.tI~H. •. IiI ft .~ft~ I¥J'. ~. ~ .~~.,. .t'r ". ••. ~.~~. W 7f~ Iii] fiI! IE, lilt lJlJ fIJ. ~. ~. *•.

(4) · 15 .. J:' .. J F'l. \ rp. JW I. -~ ~ iI~. 1~ A $~iRm ~. ~. ( ~E1 ~ ~~. mJ. l~. 1'1. lin I. r. tY1l. l!t. III. T I J. i5J. ~. ~ ~ lR: J!Il.~ ~. l UJUt3 ;. i8l:rt1 7.jS~. WI ;f1J; 51 ~ r-p Et':J1U. 11 ~ f:l'iJ ~ r-p ;. ffli ~ a'~ 51 ' i& 76 vt! 7t.!1'~. ) ;fftt ~ ~~. :.t ~~, .Bl. j!~Ot11V!. 7G iY-J ,~. jLl 0- 1t jfl ~HI. JJil<:. 1~A$~. -;t... !jt;f~. *. 13!; :tt ~ ~Hf&. ~ ± r-p ~~~. ;fif iU!'~ 13= t£ ~~; W ~ ; ~.. ~. if!J ~ If] m0'9. MU~. ~ ii1t ~. ¥'fHI?H'l f:l'iJ r-p !k: ~ rp. 'I t' 51 ~ WX ki1E rtHlq iL3 nt1 ~ ~. J&P.i\:l!:t[ll! Ct'iJi& m ftJ f§ ~ ~ ~ $ Ql( ~IDt~ iI;X :". j. flLsl: jt ~ ~ tJO5~ i& • a'Hit !J. ~ J< jIH~. iflJ fiJi ~ J&. iI!. it rty.

(5) I 'M lOfft "r;. If. I--------<.-. 1 ~ r--~~ I/ ~. ll!~1II -\. ~ ~ ::f1 it ~. \----1. ll!~!f<W {. r---~. 'M. !iV =F I. . 91 ..

(6) • 17 •. jj. /[ ~ Ir-±-~ ,~-,-"l ~. _~. 1« 1 ~. _ r--[j>---J Wt lf. ~. l_~ , ,.

(7)

(8) · 19 .. !. '--/ r. Ji.'- '-.J. ,.

(9) c:.. 1:'11. ,~. ~.;. ~. .,-... "'" 4"". ~. E. + .;::: ~ ~. 111 fi. ~~~. • ~~ .B Tt.i~ Ic? "j~:~~~ £ ~~ D. .. ~'i1l$J;:!%~~~. 0. ,. ~ ~!!l. ~ at~~@rR~~~~ ~ ~~~}~W ~ ;l;i:3 ..LJ. ~ ~~ l1lj!,!~~~~~~~i,i; ~~ ~ 'El:fi~~ltt'{.o~~!11!~~. '!W~~E; f§~m\~~ ~~~rrtr~am*l~Ii-H§ ~ ~*i § ~ -Y!!? ~ ~S-21tcr:' -!51\(:B'~q. 8~ ·@:iiiK~iIi. •• ~ ·W.I~~ £ ~~ o. §!f,*~8~~ ~ ~~~\a'~tBi~Irl« ~ H-t.@~an? ~ ~12~~-H-S!ij!~~ I ~ J.E-·. ~~ ~ "~~W.5. ~ ~ #'~~~~~ ~1 8~9'~@~~~ ~~~~~~ ~ ~~~ ~. 0. ~~~ ~~ e".~~M~.~~,,~ ~~~ sg~rH~ ..LJ -§~R~. .. ~:g. 11l!l!~~-E-[!~Ht!. .. ~~;~::t(~tJ-, ffit~~t«. £EE. ~~ ~F2- •• ~ $.~. ~~E~ :S ::Slf.:r~ on;8 ~~. ~. •• ••. ~(~ :g( ~ !!!:!1~ .. ~ ~~~~t§ §~:lfl~{~*~~~$~'t.1. ... ~ ~ -~ ~ .~ ~'@ -~'~s ~~ :s tlI(liD. Srj-.~~ I ~ .@ ~;EK ~ ~ f!3!J *l~~ ~i5~;@#~. I ~ ~ ~~~ ~~~ lll/ U " ~. ~. • I'll). ~. !l, .i ')!". F 1 L'yd IJ. jll,. ~ ?. I *,~.~~l!i:nlitH~;@ ~ ~~ .. $! JR i!R~ffi ~ I!! ~~. ( ; ..... 1 98 1.. t\. [' . :l -4 .. t. ; 11IHl lluni c . · l. ' oo. I ' .. I. I •• t. I , ...-, • • . • . •. ( " .... ). iL JI ' 1. A Science of Pu b lic I-., ,> u. "1'0"" 8 1' <.1 l. 0. ~[]]!JlE~HU2l!1t(~{~iW! ~8 ~.1j ~ .. ~ ffi !W~. 1 9t1 4, Ga i l1esvj lJ e Fl .. "c;clu c at Lon :i n <j oll r nali s lfI a nd. at. " The Co ""n'ln1 c a tion or l:lub l .ic. .. 2i>I m ~ ~+Hll! ;,*r~* ~~J.E- mw I ~~~ -R ~ H~€. 1'O T. C0nVcrJ'l; i.on p a p P1" pre se n t e d. Carro.ll ,J.. \.i lport,. I~n)o l, s / c o l e }' u b lish i.ng CO ml)a.n y,. Hennessy. !)erneard P ub l i c Op i n iu n , 4th ecl iton,. Hass CO(f11l1un icat io n,. \ S'3.(l ci;Jli o n. lJl:>i.nio n ,". GL Y'nn,. 18 ~ -It-. ~~§~~~~~w~ -21~ eW~~~~~~~'~~ ..LJ ~~ ¥~ ~ ~ o *~. ... .. • I§~W/~:t( ~ .. ~~ I. "~ fH~ ~W ~ ,~n@ §l::t6 +H~$11 -H-.$ ;1g If!r .aJ N l§~?fm. 1.. ~~~ fEfR.\ f.t! ~, ~~. fi. ". tt -, ~. ,. .. " P l lIl' HI,". Ij'. t" . '! 6-i. I. \t illlllll),. p. 2 61 - 265. lii);Jts. , 1'.J85 - 186 [J:. Ni mmo ,. P . ".611. :l£ 11' .. itL20.. Nirn m('l.. I q.. jfr 2 1 •. "\ HO Ga -l-I o seerc t , l'e r s[>e otive, ". nnri:;; .\. . (:;'ra b er " Liaking ~lass }1edl.,a a nd Pu bli o. M.. 1982, P.2. Ameri. Press,. ~ ss u e."i. Hcco lTlbs,. c an Po lL tical. Shaw and Max'We ] ). Ass o ciat i on,. Dona.ld. of. Fun c· ti.<m of th e. ) 9 7 7': ~Icco rn b,; .. 1'he 'I'll f' We~t. Sande r s. " Th e Agen d a - Setting Max'We1 1 E.. in Dan Nirnrno a n d Ke i th H .. ..... ...,.. ". Noe l1 a-Neumann ••. ,. ... _. _.: __ .:.. _. __. " The Spire l. Sage P uhlJcatioDs, 1981, P.127 . ~u. sabel:h. 1 _. of .... _ _ '. t ede .) !'iandbob lt. of P oli -ric al Commun i cati on ,. i\pp ro acb",. p,,,bU catio ns,. E.. Paper p resfltd:ed at the i n t e rnal;i ona ] Communication. Opi n .i.o l1 ", t udiar. ~22.. ltt21 .. 'ff "!I •. ff 25.. ". .... "...+. ".. .... ".. . ... . •. .. .. ...*... '..". ". .". .. ~ H2. L i-:n. II.. jI l'nnH S- Sr .. •. [±. 5.. 2 ').. or. On. Publi c. I'la cJei. ru .o n ,. P.. ' f .4 ~ 8. ~. \' i ll.l am. p. J.6 .. I ..... " II. e. Lh p. Prog r os s. in GreR t. Ri"e... 0v~n lun. J ris h. and Mas5 ::; oc 1 ety.". Sagp. .Lnc.,. e nd. La. Comm uni c at -l o n,. 11e soarch,. ( e d. ) PoU t lca l. rO T. 19 75. PP. 67 - 7 ).. \, ad sW'oX'rh ,. \~Bi. '1'.101 ,. 1".<1.. .. it. <\. 'It. .. . .... " ..*. ... ..... .. ..". :. Gr on l{ s. ts,. Ever son Pu b l ic Op:in Lnn an d In c e r et> t. I nc . ,. St 1' a t eg .L~". eha. Gerald Kline "COmhl u.nj c FlLion,. 1971" ,]) , 3 33 .. a n d Other Parts or tho World,. 3.. 1. 3.. lO - l l.. He n nes sy . - P ',. ll.. 8e h avio r.. Karen an d F .. 1' ,. 7.. 1' . I :! - l. 1 982 ,. J >... P. -:! 1 -;Z '-1. Publis hin g ,. Dernar d HeDn e ,5 5 ,. P LLbljc Op i nion ,. l e ol '€. t .. .tl en.Ile~ S ~. ~1- .U I!'". ilth ed,. Crou ps i n Ameri c a n P o l i ti cs, Fra n 'l din. Davi d 1-]'. Pn bli c at-i on s. l s s u es and. PP. 611 - 68 .. ~teve n. 1'1dS S Po l.it i c a l. S J.i.lne ,. Il enn essy .. H. 8. Il enne.s5}' ,. P . 12-1. 0. iff. 9.. 1l '3I1neS5Y ,. 11.. 13·. (I .. ~')j~. ~~~~ ~ l\~. o.n. -K~:I!It~ ~,I,~ttl. 0. ~~~~~N~~~ ~ ~~~~~ '~~'~~~~~~ ~ ~S\l!~r--.~~:el~~ ~ ~.#:!~~ifl~1±! *~~~ 1 1~~ilI. :,<=~~~ ::C::::J:: ~::. ~~~~~ru~~~~~~~e~~~~~~ ~ o. 'X)O(o¢O('.c<X"'~~. ..'..". ". 11. ".,.. .... .. .. ...'" 'it". -II. .ffiI ~~~~ -ITIlw- *..... -i.~~ .. \ \ ~ \~. :tl~mW ~1;:~-K~~~H~ .. :@:lJi~~~~~:ltill;l!l~!\wK + 1f1 ~N~ .. ~~~~g~~~~~.,~~~rn~~~~~~~. ti ~ ~I~ 5 '. =si2~~ 'f!!I.~ *1iC ~ \~ ~. :::::>000. ~ .. ~~g~~~~_~~ ~ I~'W~-~~~~~ ~~~~. I. ftt l5.. it 14 ,. H. tt 1. <0. fi. tt 10.. nivor5ity Prpse .. Bri ta i n. Vresent state. L. 6.. :. ff. ...". .." .."... .. ..... ..... ......

(10) ~ ~. .l -.J . -j'--.... ~. 0. ,~~~ ::;rj ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~§\!I~ !LK ~ :';{~~~ ¢;:8 w r:H ~-L.j ~ ;;;;J ~ ~111 z~ ~.s ~~ ~ !j ~ ~::nat-'fI§ ~SI- :!fHi{~*~l!E{&~~~:f. ~~~ ~ ¢;~~~8 ~~~~~ g ~~~£~~ ~~ ~~ ~ g~ ~~ · ~~ ~gg~~ -~~~ . ~ ~.a ~~ ~. ~~~~~$~.~*~. :m tt G L ~' rUl.. Ca rro l l ,j .. ~ 12 iR 1lii ~ ffi l!E!I@! ~ \W. 0. S .~. ~~~ -R ~ 1§€. ~~~. I. J()u rna Li slll and. prpse nt (Hl at. Co rnm ' lfl. i c at.io n of Y u l> l ic. p El p,~ r. "T h e. VI' inion, " c0n\" e nt i o n i n. COilipany ,. 19H L .. P . '1 _ 11. . 4th ", dit on ,. l y84 , Ga.inosvi ll e 1"1.. (... , . .. l ..""'q .a (, , ,,.... ). ~j~ta - H esea:rC"lJ. ( . ' )\IUllfiu l c ntJu ll. . I. P u blic . I' e r spe ct ive. ". IS5 lJe-;. West. Th e . E . Mc c('Ombs, T he. the in t erna t ion a l Co ",mu a icatio n. \.. (,ra b er "J..la l{:Ulji !>Ia ss Ne d.J.' a ' and. '.. 1-i.. ~ l"J I t ,. "To wn r d ,\ Scie n ce o t' Public. Pu b li 3 hi n g. Derneard publlc Op.i.n i o n ,. Co mm uTlicac ion,. .\ s5;o)c io ri. o ll f'or [d uc" L Lo n " l ass. I Ip. ulI l''S ''Y.. 1. 11. I-l. oyd D.. Il rn" i<s /c o l e Ul po r t .. A.. p , :16 11. P • .~(,:1 - 2(;'j . L" .'!t.,. " .185 - UIQ. P l lll"'I , ". !\ iIl JlIIH,. Nimlll o,. Nimmo . 5. ~+tlm~ ~~ .~~. .. ~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ,~m -L.j ~¥~m~~o. $.'t>~-W: ' ~ £Q~ {'?< ~ "~~ ~ ~ ~:8 ~;lQ:tK~~ ~:g I~;t:j4'Ell-a-oB+tl ~~~~~~~~E. ~. •• ••. rmmti B- $% lilt ® N :J{,; 1Fc tr. *~I ~~~~~. g ~. ·~'~ ~ tEl ~!J:!#l:'£ !lmHfiKaK 1+1. .. ...... ~~~' ~ ~~.~~~ .*I.m~~~~. ". ". -.. l:. :iS~~IE:a<r~~, 'fii'~ ~ ~ O~ I~jH+lj;!~ ~*~~ u:p.t. 1ft. itt. .it. al: 1-l. itt-'1 () • 2 1.. .\)ori. ODin;on ::it udi a Pape r J)1' 9 spnt ed at. 1982, P.2 . Sh aw a n d ~laxwe J J. As sociation, o n ald N . Emergen c e of' Arn erie-an Po LLi ica l. 19 77: . Sand ers . "Th t) Agen da-Sa t t :Lng . Agenda - S e t 'ting .F\l nct i' >D of t h e> Pre s s . Pub 1:i cati.ons,. Haxwe l J E. Mccomb s .. Approach " .1n Dan Ni mm o and Kei (,11 H.. 1 981,. "The Sp iral o f. P .l 27.. (ad s .) lIandbook of' Politica l. Communicati o n, Sage Publjca ti ons.. E lisab et h Nnell a - Ne umann. ~[lring. 19 74 , P.4) - 51. . A Theory of P ubl ic Opi nion, " Journa l . Co rnmunicatiou,. Si l ence.. or P.. Il e. tn o s sv, 1'. 212 - 21':;. Graber ,. Iff 27 .. l' o Let7 and En tman . . itt ;:>K.. itt:!6.. ;a: 25.. H:t il.. H 21 .. H:?2 .. is: fi III i!i . ... I:\l. :. ll e nn es~~· ,. Jlennes;; y,. P. t ? - 11 .. P.. P. 1. 10- 1 1.. 19 75 ,. 1-' . )) ).. l'P.. I'. ,.1 .. "' Dos woTch ,. l(i" .... ,1. Sag. ~. .•. ~. ~. ". lJr ook s. "' • • 01 i •• .. 1')10 1, }>.2 1.. I ~,"-, ",nu..",. In c .,. t. Co mmuni c a r i. on,. 6 7- T) .. (cd-.) 1;'0 1 itic a l. and Mass ~ D c i ety ," i n. Ge t' ald 1.11 11 6' " Co mm unica t io n,. 1 '171,. iff Ll onnsssy ,. P.l-1 -1 '.. I.tn i.vo r s i ly Pr es e ,. itt 11'~ nn a5 '\ y ,. Chaffoe. Be ha v ~ or,. J.. ttl S iun e. K ar oIl an d 1'- .. 66 - 68.. ~ )- tC) t. Il l eI. I' . '2 1- '2,. P l.J.bLi c Op i n io n , 11th e d,. I!.'ver son Pub l ie Op i n i n n and I'D ter es. Ii onn ess~'. P. I . P •• I ••. +< ~8t~ ml~ mtft!t. \. • tl. ' ! llI fW '.. .ll enness" ,. / Cole Pu b l. ish i n g ,. i:lnrna rd. 1 98 2 , P. l 6 .. Gr OLlp s in. David II.. iJubl i catinns Inc .,. Pl?. Ste ven 1I.. Mass Po l i t i ca l. itt 11 .. I ,.. fi l ~ .. H. H l li .. 1.7' .. I. a:E 1 5 .. ;t1: t:. ·. 0.0. ~ -.%i.~. it. {~~ ;:;:;:;: t~. .·-.. .. •. *.. .**.. 0. ~*~~~Nm~~a~~~~ ~, ~~,~~~~~~ .. ~~~f'--.~ ~~ij:l;j:~ ~ ~~iitJ;1:1~-Lj~~~. .. ~~~~~ft~~ ~~~ §@~o. ~~ ~~~~~~§. -~~ ~~'~$ "~~~~~~~~ ~~~~.~~~. \\~. ~. ~ '~. ' jIll~~~~ID1;W t:2.. + \-f:j. \ ! -Y \ ~. m:ii?~~. ltlir. {~~ ... t. \-0. -ffi :g ~4HI§ _-B- ~ ~SlI.~iiiffiSJ~Ne:~aglm(lI!iN. t.aa. ~<!tl. ....*. .*. ..*. *. .. .•. **. * .... ....* .. .... .. ':.. *. .. ......*. .... ... ...... ....•. ".,.. ... +Hr,J {:::~ I 1 ~~~. it . ...* ,.** i!-. **. .... **. *. ..* ** **. ". 0. 4.Jt:::. ...,..**-t·.*. ~ ,ov.;,~. .. *.*.* ••*. tL- ..I.D --V?" ~.~. ••• ~.**.+ - + ••• ~~ •• ~.+.*.k. lfii/-$£1o. ......... -l.J ~ l.t:""'t"\ ~ .. ,oIC!:.. ~-"- III~. ~N~~*_~~~~~~~.'~~~~~~~~~~~~. ~~~ ~~:1!-K~ ,@:!!~H~ ~ ~:ij\~~~~HtHl!&:@!:lDl&m! K. .." ..... ..... ..** :ti~~~~a *. .,. ..* *... ".... ... .. ".. .. *. *. .,.* ..• it. ..*. ••. ..** .* . 10:" T.

(11)